Photo of Rachel Marshall, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Marshall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
College Station, TX 77840  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Rachel Marshall, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Texas. I'm Board Certified with the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) as a National Certified Counselor (NCC). I am also a Master Certified Professional Coach (MCPC). I am passionate about helping people with their spiritual, psychological, emotional and behavioural (whole person) well-being. I welcome clients for individual counselling sessions (pre-teens and older) who find themselves in a state of high stress and anxiety and have a history of traumatic experiences, and are ready to change for the better.
Hello, I am Rachel Marshall, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Texas. I'm Board Certified with the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) as a National Certified Counselor (NCC). I am also a Master Certified Professional Coach (MCPC). I am passionate about helping people with their spiritual, psychological, emotional and behavioural (whole person) well-being. I welcome clients for individual counselling sessions (pre-teens and older) who find themselves in a state of high stress and anxiety and have a history of traumatic experiences, and are ready to change for the better.
(346) 588-7865 View (346) 588-7865
Photo of Pamela Perlitz, LPC, LCDC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pamela Perlitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I use a cognitive behavioral approach for therapy. In therapy, I am "problem-focused" and "action-oriented" in addressing specific problems the patient is experiencing. Therapy is goal-oriented and takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. The goal is to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties and thus change the way they feel. This approach works by focusing on the thoughts, images, beliefs, and attitudes that are held and how these processes relate to the way a person behaves.
I use a cognitive behavioral approach for therapy. In therapy, I am "problem-focused" and "action-oriented" in addressing specific problems the patient is experiencing. Therapy is goal-oriented and takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. The goal is to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties and thus change the way they feel. This approach works by focusing on the thoughts, images, beliefs, and attitudes that are held and how these processes relate to the way a person behaves.
(979) 383-2476 View (979) 383-2476
Photo of Kristina R Whitmore, MA, LPC-A
Kristina R Whitmore
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
College Station, TX 77840  (Online Only)
Seeking a counselor is scary and can be one of the hardest steps in counseling. Just making it this far is something you should be proud of. If you find yourself overwhelmed with daily life, anxious or just needing some guidance when it comes to your mental health, I can help you through that. My goal is to make the process of therapy as easy as possible by tailoring a treatment plan that uniquely fits you and your lifestyle.
Seeking a counselor is scary and can be one of the hardest steps in counseling. Just making it this far is something you should be proud of. If you find yourself overwhelmed with daily life, anxious or just needing some guidance when it comes to your mental health, I can help you through that. My goal is to make the process of therapy as easy as possible by tailoring a treatment plan that uniquely fits you and your lifestyle.
View
Photo of Andrea Schooler - AC Schooler  , MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
AC Schooler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
02/15/23 Accepting new clients As a counselor and a retired cop, I have dealt with a wide range of tragedies that can drive a person to seek counseling. Life is messy, and my background will help me understand what you have been through. Trauma is an emotional injury, and like many physical injuries it can heal if you tend to it properly. Even if you haven’t suffered an extreme event, you may feel stuck and be unable to move forward. I retired from policing so that I could more directly help people put their lives back together. Having bad things happen shouldn’t keep you from being able to have a good life.
02/15/23 Accepting new clients As a counselor and a retired cop, I have dealt with a wide range of tragedies that can drive a person to seek counseling. Life is messy, and my background will help me understand what you have been through. Trauma is an emotional injury, and like many physical injuries it can heal if you tend to it properly. Even if you haven’t suffered an extreme event, you may feel stuck and be unable to move forward. I retired from policing so that I could more directly help people put their lives back together. Having bad things happen shouldn’t keep you from being able to have a good life.
(979) 200-6665 View (979) 200-6665
Photo of Christopher Le'Roy McDonald, MEd, LPC, LCDC, NCC, C-DBT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christopher Le'Roy McDonald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LCDC, NCC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
College Station, TX 77840  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with mental health challenges, addiction, relationship dynamics, career clarity, financial wellness, or simply seek personal growth. I enjoy helping motivated and open-minded individuals, aspiring to overcome obstacles, improve well-being, and cultivate a fulfilling life.
Are you struggling with mental health challenges, addiction, relationship dynamics, career clarity, financial wellness, or simply seek personal growth. I enjoy helping motivated and open-minded individuals, aspiring to overcome obstacles, improve well-being, and cultivate a fulfilling life.
(979) 316-9213 View (979) 316-9213
Photo of Elisa Belle Luschin, MS, LMFT-A, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Elisa Belle Luschin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
College Station, TX 77840  (Online Only)
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist specialized to work with couples struggling with intercultural differences. You might feel like there is a disconnect between you and your partner which has led you to feel distant from each other. Maybe you disagree on how to raise the children, or what traditions and routines should look like in your family. These differences may also show up in your relationship with extended family. You are tired of discussing these topics and always ending in an argument with your partner. You want to feel closer to your partner, but you feel stuck and do not know how to make things better.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist specialized to work with couples struggling with intercultural differences. You might feel like there is a disconnect between you and your partner which has led you to feel distant from each other. Maybe you disagree on how to raise the children, or what traditions and routines should look like in your family. These differences may also show up in your relationship with extended family. You are tired of discussing these topics and always ending in an argument with your partner. You want to feel closer to your partner, but you feel stuck and do not know how to make things better.
(806) 454-7938 View (806) 454-7938
Photo of Jacob Parrett, PhD
Jacob Parrett
Provisionally Licensed Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
I have a passion for working with clients across the developmental spectrum, typically from ages 6 to 30, and I commonly work with people who struggle with anxiety and depression. I am especially interested in working with concerns related to self-esteem/self-worth, identity development, and managing important relationships. My specialty population is the LGBTQ+ community, whether the concerns are specific or unrelated to that identity. I also love working with kids, teens, and their families, especially around improving familial relationships. This may relate to behavioral concerns, academic concerns, life adjustment, and more.
I have a passion for working with clients across the developmental spectrum, typically from ages 6 to 30, and I commonly work with people who struggle with anxiety and depression. I am especially interested in working with concerns related to self-esteem/self-worth, identity development, and managing important relationships. My specialty population is the LGBTQ+ community, whether the concerns are specific or unrelated to that identity. I also love working with kids, teens, and their families, especially around improving familial relationships. This may relate to behavioral concerns, academic concerns, life adjustment, and more.
(979) 401-2626 View (979) 401-2626
Photo of Beatriz Lloret, MA, LPC, Couples, Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor
Beatriz Lloret
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, Couples, Therapy
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
If you are a couple seeking a well-rounded and professional therapist to guide you toward growth and change, I may be the therapist for you. At this moment you may be dealing with difficulties in your life and your relationship and feeling overwhelmed. I can help you find surprising opportunities in the midst of dissatisfaction, loss, crisis, or chaos. You may discover in therapy that those can be signs that life is just asking you to try something different.
If you are a couple seeking a well-rounded and professional therapist to guide you toward growth and change, I may be the therapist for you. At this moment you may be dealing with difficulties in your life and your relationship and feeling overwhelmed. I can help you find surprising opportunities in the midst of dissatisfaction, loss, crisis, or chaos. You may discover in therapy that those can be signs that life is just asking you to try something different.
(979) 431-5700 View (979) 431-5700
Photo of Mary Ann Covey, Psychologist
Mary Ann Covey
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Mary Ann Covey is a Licensed Psychologist (LP) with over 30 years of experience. She is passionate about helping others connect with their inner strength and self-compassion. Dr. Covey specializes in women's issues, parenting, grief and loss, and life transitions.
Mary Ann Covey is a Licensed Psychologist (LP) with over 30 years of experience. She is passionate about helping others connect with their inner strength and self-compassion. Dr. Covey specializes in women's issues, parenting, grief and loss, and life transitions.
(979) 803-2647 View (979) 803-2647
Photo of Dr. Jennifer L. Rockett, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Jennifer L. Rockett
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Greetings! I am a licensed psychologist trained in both clinical and forensic psychology. I provide services in Bryan/College Station, Texas and in New Mexico. I received my doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Sam Houston State University in 2009 after completing a pre-doctoral internship at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. I completed a post-doctoral clinical fellowship at Scott & White Clinic in College Station. My goal in working with my psychotherapy and assessment clients is to provide opportunities for resiliency and emotional growth.
Greetings! I am a licensed psychologist trained in both clinical and forensic psychology. I provide services in Bryan/College Station, Texas and in New Mexico. I received my doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Sam Houston State University in 2009 after completing a pre-doctoral internship at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. I completed a post-doctoral clinical fellowship at Scott & White Clinic in College Station. My goal in working with my psychotherapy and assessment clients is to provide opportunities for resiliency and emotional growth.
(979) 256-2633 View (979) 256-2633
Photo of Joycelyn Anderson - Evolution of Life Wellness and Counseling, PLLC, MA, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Evolution of Life Wellness and Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
College Station, TX 77840  (Online Only)
My ideal client is one who is 18+ and is on the path to a renewed life, mindset, ownership and open to creating and completing goals toward success. My ideal client is one who is willing to improve themselves based on their individual goals.
My ideal client is one who is 18+ and is on the path to a renewed life, mindset, ownership and open to creating and completing goals toward success. My ideal client is one who is willing to improve themselves based on their individual goals.
(979) 800-3643 View (979) 800-3643
Photo of Pamela J Lane, MEd, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pamela J Lane
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
College Station, TX 77840  (Online Only)
Hello, thanks for checking out my profile! I am a Licensed Counselor w/over 25 years of experience in mental health. I'd like to help you figure out your needs & guide you in navigating the transitions in your life. I am available to help answer your questions and learn ways of handling the challenges in your life or in understanding those around you. I can let you know what coping skills and strategies will help concerning your particular symptoms and in managing your everyday world. Please text or email me to ask questions about my serving you during this period in your life.
Hello, thanks for checking out my profile! I am a Licensed Counselor w/over 25 years of experience in mental health. I'd like to help you figure out your needs & guide you in navigating the transitions in your life. I am available to help answer your questions and learn ways of handling the challenges in your life or in understanding those around you. I can let you know what coping skills and strategies will help concerning your particular symptoms and in managing your everyday world. Please text or email me to ask questions about my serving you during this period in your life.
(979) 505-1670 View (979) 505-1670
Counseling and Assessment Clinic
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
The Counseling and Assessment Clinic (CAC) is a psychological service training clinic associated with the Department of Educational Psychology at Texas A&M. All providers at the CAC are trained to provide a variety of psychological services while under the supervision of a Licensed Psychologist. We offer both therapy and assessment services for adults, adolescents, and children in English. Fees are established based on an affordable sliding-scale based on family income and size.
The Counseling and Assessment Clinic (CAC) is a psychological service training clinic associated with the Department of Educational Psychology at Texas A&M. All providers at the CAC are trained to provide a variety of psychological services while under the supervision of a Licensed Psychologist. We offer both therapy and assessment services for adults, adolescents, and children in English. Fees are established based on an affordable sliding-scale based on family income and size.
(979) 325-2334 View (979) 325-2334
Photo of Belinda Valenzuela, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Belinda Valenzuela
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Hi, my name is Belinda Valenzuela & I am a LPC out of College Station. I provide in-person & telehealth sessions, accommodating to your needs. My primary population over the last three years has been college students, first working at Blinn College in Brenham & then transitioning over to The University of Texas at Austin. I am now back in College Station with a mission to provide quality long-term services in private practice. Prior to the college setting, I worked with at-risk youth and family for over a decade in a non-profit capacity. I have also created & taught groups with both youth & mandated anger management.
Hi, my name is Belinda Valenzuela & I am a LPC out of College Station. I provide in-person & telehealth sessions, accommodating to your needs. My primary population over the last three years has been college students, first working at Blinn College in Brenham & then transitioning over to The University of Texas at Austin. I am now back in College Station with a mission to provide quality long-term services in private practice. Prior to the college setting, I worked with at-risk youth and family for over a decade in a non-profit capacity. I have also created & taught groups with both youth & mandated anger management.
(979) 710-7824 View (979) 710-7824
Photo of Vanessa Faulkner, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vanessa Faulkner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
College Station, TX 77840  (Online Only)
Vanessa Faulkner is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 3 years of clinical experience. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, childhood trauma, attachment issues, domestic violence, PTSD, and much more.
Vanessa Faulkner is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 3 years of clinical experience. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, childhood trauma, attachment issues, domestic violence, PTSD, and much more.
(979) 271-6059 View (979) 271-6059
Photo of Heather Reynolds - Live Better IASIS Micro Current Neurofeedback, LPC-S, ICP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Live Better IASIS Micro Current Neurofeedback
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, ICP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Do you feel stuck? Stuck in the same patterns of thinking, the same unhealthy habits, the same feelings of worry, distraction, anxiety, and depression. Do you wish there was a natural, non-invasive solution that could help you regain control over your life? IASIS Micro Current Neurofeedback (MCN). MCN is a scientifically proven tool that allows your brain to create new patterns and responses to triggers and stressors. It's a transformative experience helping you reset your brain and regulate your nervous system. Works quickly so you feel better sooner. If you are ready to get unstuck than IASIS can help!
Do you feel stuck? Stuck in the same patterns of thinking, the same unhealthy habits, the same feelings of worry, distraction, anxiety, and depression. Do you wish there was a natural, non-invasive solution that could help you regain control over your life? IASIS Micro Current Neurofeedback (MCN). MCN is a scientifically proven tool that allows your brain to create new patterns and responses to triggers and stressors. It's a transformative experience helping you reset your brain and regulate your nervous system. Works quickly so you feel better sooner. If you are ready to get unstuck than IASIS can help!
(979) 271-5299 View (979) 271-5299
Photo of Jamie Manning, MA, LPC, CAGCS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jamie Manning
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAGCS
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with adults ages 18 to 65+ in addressing the following: grief, trauma, emotion regulation, and adjustment issues related to life changes and stressors across the lifespan. I welcome adults of all changes for both individual and couple's therapy, I utilize primarily cognitive-behavioral, trauma focused, and existential approaches, but will work to align my therapeutic approach with your specific needs and values. Since the therapeutic relationship is the strongest predictor of success in therapy, I will provide a warm, supportive, and collaborative space for you to explore and grow.
I specialize in working with adults ages 18 to 65+ in addressing the following: grief, trauma, emotion regulation, and adjustment issues related to life changes and stressors across the lifespan. I welcome adults of all changes for both individual and couple's therapy, I utilize primarily cognitive-behavioral, trauma focused, and existential approaches, but will work to align my therapeutic approach with your specific needs and values. Since the therapeutic relationship is the strongest predictor of success in therapy, I will provide a warm, supportive, and collaborative space for you to explore and grow.
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Photo of Kori Joslyn, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kori Joslyn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
I am an LPC with over 8 years of clinical experience who has worked with a multitude of clients ranging in age, generations, and experience within many diverse settings, fostering a well-rounded, practical, and comprehensive approach when it comes to working with clients. I'll meet you right where you are on your journey, provide therapeutic support, and find solutions that enable you to live a healthier, more fulfilling life. Collaboratively, we will work to cultivate new coping skills, identify personal strengths, reshape relationships, and overcome ineffective behavioral patterns in an effort to achieve your personal goals.
I am an LPC with over 8 years of clinical experience who has worked with a multitude of clients ranging in age, generations, and experience within many diverse settings, fostering a well-rounded, practical, and comprehensive approach when it comes to working with clients. I'll meet you right where you are on your journey, provide therapeutic support, and find solutions that enable you to live a healthier, more fulfilling life. Collaboratively, we will work to cultivate new coping skills, identify personal strengths, reshape relationships, and overcome ineffective behavioral patterns in an effort to achieve your personal goals.
(281) 607-4209 View (281) 607-4209
Photo of Dr. Carmen Morrison, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Carmen Morrison
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
I view persons as made up of emotions, thoughts, relationships, biology, and our spiritual selves. Consequently, I first help you stabilize by making necessary changes in behavior. Medical or neurological contributions and possible nutritional deficiencies are examined. I address any distorted thinking that is contributing to your emotional pain. If systems in your life (family, work, school) are a factor, they are also addressed. Finally, we work with the larger questions of existence (spiritual issues, issues of purpose/ meaning), which are all vital to mental health. All areas are dealt with from a solid grounding in the science.
I view persons as made up of emotions, thoughts, relationships, biology, and our spiritual selves. Consequently, I first help you stabilize by making necessary changes in behavior. Medical or neurological contributions and possible nutritional deficiencies are examined. I address any distorted thinking that is contributing to your emotional pain. If systems in your life (family, work, school) are a factor, they are also addressed. Finally, we work with the larger questions of existence (spiritual issues, issues of purpose/ meaning), which are all vital to mental health. All areas are dealt with from a solid grounding in the science.
(979) 316-9978 x2 View (979) 316-9978 x2
Photo of Heather Reynolds - Heather Reynolds LPC-S, Live Better Counseling LLC, LPC-S, ICP, FMCHC, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Reynolds LPC-S, Live Better Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, ICP, FMCHC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you worried that you will never feel better? You want more, but are unsure how to get there. You deserve better! Life is too short to live trapped in anxiety/depression, unhealthy relational patterns, overwhelming fear, & trauma wounds from the past. I help you to identify the root cause and be free from those burdens that bog you down to live the life you want, discover peace, find joy & live better. I am here to walk with you each step of the way as together we navigate the path forward. When you take that brave step to reach out, I'll contact you back. EMDR, IFS & IASIS Micro Current Neurofeedback.
Are you worried that you will never feel better? You want more, but are unsure how to get there. You deserve better! Life is too short to live trapped in anxiety/depression, unhealthy relational patterns, overwhelming fear, & trauma wounds from the past. I help you to identify the root cause and be free from those burdens that bog you down to live the life you want, discover peace, find joy & live better. I am here to walk with you each step of the way as together we navigate the path forward. When you take that brave step to reach out, I'll contact you back. EMDR, IFS & IASIS Micro Current Neurofeedback.
(979) 310-4587 View (979) 310-4587
1

See more therapy options for 77840

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 77840

80+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 77840 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
81% Stress
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
71% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
69% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 77840 see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 77840?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.