Photo of Sabaa Afzal, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sabaa Afzal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Hi there and welcome! Everything that makes you feel stuck has a “why” behind it. I believe that understanding yourself leads to healing. I work collaboratively with my clients to help them better understand themselves and empower them to build the lives they want. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support and provide space for self discovery. I believe the therapeutic process can facilitate growth and healing.
Hi there and welcome! Everything that makes you feel stuck has a “why” behind it. I believe that understanding yourself leads to healing. I work collaboratively with my clients to help them better understand themselves and empower them to build the lives they want. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support and provide space for self discovery. I believe the therapeutic process can facilitate growth and healing.
(817) 813-8439 View (817) 813-8439
Photo of Janelle Gillis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janelle Gillis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Janelle Gillis is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Master of Social Work from Winthrop University. Mental and emotional fatigue often occurs when a person is "unbalanced" in the different areas of life. Janelle strives to help you find the balance when it feels like life is knocking you off course. Individuals that have worked with Janelle have shared that she gives a non-biased, peace-filled, genuine aura that encourages authenticity.
Janelle Gillis is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Master of Social Work from Winthrop University. Mental and emotional fatigue often occurs when a person is "unbalanced" in the different areas of life. Janelle strives to help you find the balance when it feels like life is knocking you off course. Individuals that have worked with Janelle have shared that she gives a non-biased, peace-filled, genuine aura that encourages authenticity.
(469) 945-6121 View (469) 945-6121
Photo of Twyla Axelson, LPC
Twyla Axelson
LPC-Associate, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Twyla works with adults and teens who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression as well as those who have experienced abuse, trauma, or unhealthy relationships. She also has experience working with clients in crisis and those with eating disorders. She helps clients who are unhappy with where they are currently to get to a place of healing and wholeness. She works collaboratively with her clients to determine their goals and address root issues. She then customizes her approach to ensure that the client's priorities and goals are central to treatment.
Twyla works with adults and teens who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression as well as those who have experienced abuse, trauma, or unhealthy relationships. She also has experience working with clients in crisis and those with eating disorders. She helps clients who are unhappy with where they are currently to get to a place of healing and wholeness. She works collaboratively with her clients to determine their goals and address root issues. She then customizes her approach to ensure that the client's priorities and goals are central to treatment.
(469) 423-9438 View (469) 423-9438
Photo of Elizabeth Gaitan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Gaitan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Are you a worrier? Need help organizing yourself? Need to get out of an unhealthy relationship? Parenting help? Dealing with ADHD symptoms? Depression? Past trauma? I would love to help you. These are the issues I find myself excelling in. I have been through all these myself and can relate to how you feel. I can help you identify your goals, work with you to make sure you meet them, and educate you on how to do this on your own going forward. I believe in therapy and that people can change; and I encourage my clients to take what they have learned in therapy and continue to grow and find themselves.
Are you a worrier? Need help organizing yourself? Need to get out of an unhealthy relationship? Parenting help? Dealing with ADHD symptoms? Depression? Past trauma? I would love to help you. These are the issues I find myself excelling in. I have been through all these myself and can relate to how you feel. I can help you identify your goals, work with you to make sure you meet them, and educate you on how to do this on your own going forward. I believe in therapy and that people can change; and I encourage my clients to take what they have learned in therapy and continue to grow and find themselves.
(682) 683-9751 View (682) 683-9751
Photo of Sandra A Labadia, LMSW, LCSW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandra A Labadia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75038  (Online Only)
My practice is centered around Wholistic Health & Wellness approach to Mental Health and/or Life Coaching. Seeking counseling or coaching support is a positive pro-active approach to resolving personal concerns or issues that may hinder you from accomplishing your goals. I believe everyone can benefit from counseling or coaching whether you are feeling anxious, stressed, overwhelmed or depressed, you may need someone to listen with compassion care and an open non-judgmental heart in a safe & supportive environment. My focus is your wellness & wellbeing. My goals in therapy is helping you feel better & helping you get better.
My practice is centered around Wholistic Health & Wellness approach to Mental Health and/or Life Coaching. Seeking counseling or coaching support is a positive pro-active approach to resolving personal concerns or issues that may hinder you from accomplishing your goals. I believe everyone can benefit from counseling or coaching whether you are feeling anxious, stressed, overwhelmed or depressed, you may need someone to listen with compassion care and an open non-judgmental heart in a safe & supportive environment. My focus is your wellness & wellbeing. My goals in therapy is helping you feel better & helping you get better.
(469) 423-8781 View (469) 423-8781
Photo of Tyler Turner, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tyler Turner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Tyler Turner is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2019. She earned her Bachelor's degree in Human Development and Family Studies and Minor of Addictive Disorders and Recovery Studies at Texas Tech University. Her Master's of Science in Counseling from Southern Methodist University provided her the knowledge and training to become a Licensed Professional Counseling and Nationally Certified Counselor. Tyler is EMDR trained and specializes in working with individuals who are looking to overcome intergenerational trauma as well as high performing individuals.
Tyler Turner is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2019. She earned her Bachelor's degree in Human Development and Family Studies and Minor of Addictive Disorders and Recovery Studies at Texas Tech University. Her Master's of Science in Counseling from Southern Methodist University provided her the knowledge and training to become a Licensed Professional Counseling and Nationally Certified Counselor. Tyler is EMDR trained and specializes in working with individuals who are looking to overcome intergenerational trauma as well as high performing individuals.
(469) 253-7181 View (469) 253-7181
Photo of Katie Davidson, MA, LPA, LCDC, RYT500, Psychological Associate
Katie Davidson
Psychological Associate, MA, LPA, LCDC, RYT500
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75038  (Online Only)
If you are finding anxiety and depression, traumatic events from the past, substance use, or other mental health issues are playing a larger role in your life than you would like, it may be time to connect with a professional to help you find healing. Having a safe, comfortable space and relationship with your therapist is key in being able to explore how these issues may be impacting your life. As a clinician, I aim to provide you with these essential pieces so you can focus on your journey towards enlightenment, empowerment, and enrichment.
If you are finding anxiety and depression, traumatic events from the past, substance use, or other mental health issues are playing a larger role in your life than you would like, it may be time to connect with a professional to help you find healing. Having a safe, comfortable space and relationship with your therapist is key in being able to explore how these issues may be impacting your life. As a clinician, I aim to provide you with these essential pieces so you can focus on your journey towards enlightenment, empowerment, and enrichment.
(469) 746-0252 View (469) 746-0252
Photo of Melinda Weber, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melinda Weber
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Has your child been irritable, sad, out of sorts, anxious, or unmotivated lately? Is your child having a hard time sleeping, making friends, or dealing with grief, pain, or out-of-control circumstances? Does it seem like parenting in today's world is much harder than when you were growing up? Do you need support as your family works through something difficult? Like adults, Children and adolescents experience feelings of stress, depression, grief, trauma, and social anxiety. They often need different types of therapy, however, depending on the child's developmental level, personality, and issues that need addressing.
Has your child been irritable, sad, out of sorts, anxious, or unmotivated lately? Is your child having a hard time sleeping, making friends, or dealing with grief, pain, or out-of-control circumstances? Does it seem like parenting in today's world is much harder than when you were growing up? Do you need support as your family works through something difficult? Like adults, Children and adolescents experience feelings of stress, depression, grief, trauma, and social anxiety. They often need different types of therapy, however, depending on the child's developmental level, personality, and issues that need addressing.
(817) 893-6472 View (817) 893-6472
Photo of Antoine Gross Sr, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Antoine Gross Sr
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Antoine Gross, Sr. is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2021. As your therapist Antoine will offer a space for you to process your thoughts and feelings in a judgement free zone. He will offer you the ability to navigate the direction and speed of your sessions as you work together to reach to a mutually agreed upon treatment goal. Therapy should be both fun and challenging. Antoine is a firm believer in our ability to overcome any situation with the right help. Antoine believes we have the ability to be great by choice or by chance, and working together will help to be great by choice.
Antoine Gross, Sr. is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2021. As your therapist Antoine will offer a space for you to process your thoughts and feelings in a judgement free zone. He will offer you the ability to navigate the direction and speed of your sessions as you work together to reach to a mutually agreed upon treatment goal. Therapy should be both fun and challenging. Antoine is a firm believer in our ability to overcome any situation with the right help. Antoine believes we have the ability to be great by choice or by chance, and working together will help to be great by choice.
(469) 874-0763 View (469) 874-0763
Photo of Veranda Hillard, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Veranda Hillard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Ready to get un-stuck? You're not alone in dealing with issues like anxiety, depression, low self-esteem as well as mental, career, or relational stress. You could be one of many individuals who consider counseling because they are struggling to find their voice or set boundaries with friends, partners, coworkers, or family members. Or, perhaps you're having difficulty managing one of life's many transitions such as adjusting to college or getting over a breakup. Any of these can act as a halting roadblock, standing in the way of where you are and where you so desperately want to be. Veranda can help.
Ready to get un-stuck? You're not alone in dealing with issues like anxiety, depression, low self-esteem as well as mental, career, or relational stress. You could be one of many individuals who consider counseling because they are struggling to find their voice or set boundaries with friends, partners, coworkers, or family members. Or, perhaps you're having difficulty managing one of life's many transitions such as adjusting to college or getting over a breakup. Any of these can act as a halting roadblock, standing in the way of where you are and where you so desperately want to be. Veranda can help.
(214) 751-3829 View (214) 751-3829
Photo of James Watza, LMSW
James Watza
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038  (Online Only)
Life is hard. It's full of trials and tribulations, tragedies and miseries. Yet life can also be so much more if we learn to see the beauty in creation and in others. If you're feeling like your eyes are closed to this beauty, you are unable to see it, or that something in your past/present is keeping you 'stuck," then I may be able to help. Therapy is not magic, it does not provide a quick fix. Therapy is hard, but it is worthwhile and good. If you are looking for a guide, a sounding board, a clinician, someone to walk this journey with you, I may just be that person.
Life is hard. It's full of trials and tribulations, tragedies and miseries. Yet life can also be so much more if we learn to see the beauty in creation and in others. If you're feeling like your eyes are closed to this beauty, you are unable to see it, or that something in your past/present is keeping you 'stuck," then I may be able to help. Therapy is not magic, it does not provide a quick fix. Therapy is hard, but it is worthwhile and good. If you are looking for a guide, a sounding board, a clinician, someone to walk this journey with you, I may just be that person.
(972) 779-9811 View (972) 779-9811
Photo of Alyssa Scott - North Star Psychology, PLLC, PsyD, Psychologist
North Star Psychology, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75038
At North Star Psychology, PLLC, our goal is to help children, adolescents, and adults of all ages achieve positive changes and improve their daily lives and relationships with others. We specialize in play, individual, and family therapy/counseling, psychological and educational testing, and parenting support and skill development.
At North Star Psychology, PLLC, our goal is to help children, adolescents, and adults of all ages achieve positive changes and improve their daily lives and relationships with others. We specialize in play, individual, and family therapy/counseling, psychological and educational testing, and parenting support and skill development.
(214) 427-8691 View (214) 427-8691
Photo of Lori Baucum, LPC-A
Lori Baucum
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Anxiety, depression, ongoing stress, and grief have a way of isolating you. Perhaps you are feeling lonely or despondent and wondering if you will ever feel better. There is hope and you do not have to walk this road alone. We all need connection, to feel loved, to feel safe, to be heard and understood. Counseling can be the springboard for healing and change. It can also feel scary because we are challenging ourselves to share our fears and our pain with another person. Lori understands this and will meet you with grace and compassion where you are and create a safe space for you to explore your struggles.
Anxiety, depression, ongoing stress, and grief have a way of isolating you. Perhaps you are feeling lonely or despondent and wondering if you will ever feel better. There is hope and you do not have to walk this road alone. We all need connection, to feel loved, to feel safe, to be heard and understood. Counseling can be the springboard for healing and change. It can also feel scary because we are challenging ourselves to share our fears and our pain with another person. Lori understands this and will meet you with grace and compassion where you are and create a safe space for you to explore your struggles.
(817) 646-7022 View (817) 646-7022
Photo of Katrina Caldwell, MA, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katrina Caldwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75038  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or just ready to move in a different direction in your life? I work with individuals to help address these topics and more. I specialize in working with a variety of populations to address issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and relationship/marital issues.My goal is to provide a supportive and understanding environment where we can work together to understand the problem and work towards a solution.
Are you looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or just ready to move in a different direction in your life? I work with individuals to help address these topics and more. I specialize in working with a variety of populations to address issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and relationship/marital issues.My goal is to provide a supportive and understanding environment where we can work together to understand the problem and work towards a solution.
(469) 518-2559 View (469) 518-2559
Photo of Cortney Ball, LPC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cortney Ball
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Cortney Ball is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2016. She completed her Undergraduate studies at Ferris State University Major in Psychology with a minor in Communications and her Graduate studies at the University of Detroit Mercy Master of Arts in Counseling. Cortney offers a safe, non-judgmental, and attentive space for processing emotions. She assists in building self-awareness and healthy coping skills. Outside of work, Cortney loves to rollerblade, enjoy time outdoors, attend community events, dance, listen to music, ax throw, read, meet new people, and spend time with her family.
Cortney Ball is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2016. She completed her Undergraduate studies at Ferris State University Major in Psychology with a minor in Communications and her Graduate studies at the University of Detroit Mercy Master of Arts in Counseling. Cortney offers a safe, non-judgmental, and attentive space for processing emotions. She assists in building self-awareness and healthy coping skills. Outside of work, Cortney loves to rollerblade, enjoy time outdoors, attend community events, dance, listen to music, ax throw, read, meet new people, and spend time with her family.
(214) 949-1734 View (214) 949-1734
Photo of Amber Jones, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amber Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Amber Jones is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the Dallas Forth Worth metroplex who specializes in a variety of challenges/experiences, such as anxiety, depression, parenting, chemical dependency, grief, stress and eating disorders to name a few. She earned her Bachelor’s at the University of North Texas and her Master’s at Tarleton State University. As a clinician, Amber comes with several years of experience working in mental health. She has worked with multiple age groups, including adolescents, across the lifespan, various diagnoses, and issues, and in different settings (outpatient, intensive outpatient, residential, etc.)
Amber Jones is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the Dallas Forth Worth metroplex who specializes in a variety of challenges/experiences, such as anxiety, depression, parenting, chemical dependency, grief, stress and eating disorders to name a few. She earned her Bachelor’s at the University of North Texas and her Master’s at Tarleton State University. As a clinician, Amber comes with several years of experience working in mental health. She has worked with multiple age groups, including adolescents, across the lifespan, various diagnoses, and issues, and in different settings (outpatient, intensive outpatient, residential, etc.)
(469) 297-9062 View (469) 297-9062
Photo of Jennifer Carreon, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Carreon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75038
I believe every person has value and every person is seeking to become their best version. We all come from different perspectives and we only know what we experience in our families, communities, and the spaces we live. I want to sit in the spaces with my clients, listen to their concerns and struggles and understand their current barriers and work on identifying steps to change how we approach managing our emotions and current symptoms. I want to give them tools for helping improve and elevate how they approach these concerns and their day to day living so they can handle whatever comes their way.
I believe every person has value and every person is seeking to become their best version. We all come from different perspectives and we only know what we experience in our families, communities, and the spaces we live. I want to sit in the spaces with my clients, listen to their concerns and struggles and understand their current barriers and work on identifying steps to change how we approach managing our emotions and current symptoms. I want to give them tools for helping improve and elevate how they approach these concerns and their day to day living so they can handle whatever comes their way.
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Photo of Andrew Gill, LPC-S, LCDC, BCN, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrew Gill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LCDC, BCN
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Waitlist for new clients
Tau Healing Services is available for the needs of those suffering from situational, family, or personal issues that are causing distress in life. Tau means true. Healing is viewed as a process of becoming well. The aim of Tau Healing Services is to provide professional and quality services that assist in the healing process by natural means and with the assistance of grace.
Tau Healing Services is available for the needs of those suffering from situational, family, or personal issues that are causing distress in life. Tau means true. Healing is viewed as a process of becoming well. The aim of Tau Healing Services is to provide professional and quality services that assist in the healing process by natural means and with the assistance of grace.
(817) 339-6701 View (817) 339-6701
Photo of Bonnie Carter King - Counseling and Nature Therapy, PLLC, PhD, LPC-S, CSC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Counseling and Nature Therapy, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, CSC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038  (Online Only)
Let me guess, you are overwhelmed, overworked, and let's be honest, selling yourself short. You've been taught that your needs matter less than the comfort of others, and your are wondering if you deserve to be in the room you've found yourself in (hello imposter syndrome). Despite that, you are likely doing okay? But you are just SO tired, or maybe the trauma you have experienced in life is holding you back in some really major ways. You might be working, navigating relationships, going to school, parenting, all while trying to care for your self and stay sane in the process. I get it. I've lived it, and I'm still healing from it.
Let me guess, you are overwhelmed, overworked, and let's be honest, selling yourself short. You've been taught that your needs matter less than the comfort of others, and your are wondering if you deserve to be in the room you've found yourself in (hello imposter syndrome). Despite that, you are likely doing okay? But you are just SO tired, or maybe the trauma you have experienced in life is holding you back in some really major ways. You might be working, navigating relationships, going to school, parenting, all while trying to care for your self and stay sane in the process. I get it. I've lived it, and I'm still healing from it.
(469) 224-5666 View (469) 224-5666
Photo of Anne Smith, PhD, Psychologist
Anne Smith
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
My name is Dr. Anne Smith. I am a licensed psychologist. I specialize in working with adults who have generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder ("anxiety attacks"), social anxiety, and depression.
My name is Dr. Anne Smith. I am a licensed psychologist. I specialize in working with adults who have generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder ("anxiety attacks"), social anxiety, and depression.
(214) 506-2819 View (214) 506-2819

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 75038

40+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in 75038 who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
93% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
55% Coping Skills
55% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
72% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 75038 see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 75038?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.