Photo of Jacquyn Renee Cleary, LPC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jacquyn Renee Cleary
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
If you want to change or grow, this is the place. As a therapist I will work to earn your trust. When you bring openness, honesty and motivation to work, there is no limit to what you can achieve.You will experience an open,warm environment where you will be welcomed, accepted and encouraged to be the best you can be.Treatment specialties are focused around relationship and marital issues, women's issues, panic, anxiety and depression. It is also important to know that I am solutions oriented in my approach and I work to help the client define their goals and strategies to achieve their goals within a reasonable time frame.
If you want to change or grow, this is the place. As a therapist I will work to earn your trust. When you bring openness, honesty and motivation to work, there is no limit to what you can achieve.You will experience an open,warm environment where you will be welcomed, accepted and encouraged to be the best you can be.Treatment specialties are focused around relationship and marital issues, women's issues, panic, anxiety and depression. It is also important to know that I am solutions oriented in my approach and I work to help the client define their goals and strategies to achieve their goals within a reasonable time frame.
(918) 221-0401 View (918) 221-0401
Photo of Alexia Bolte, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alexia Bolte
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Waitlist for new clients
I am a neurodivergent therapist specialize in working with neurodivergent adults to help manage stress and emotions so that day to day life feels less exhausting. I have experience helping individuals with ADHD, autism, anxiety, and trauma find solutions that make their life feel easier. I aim to help them understand how they make sense, how to offer themselves compassion, and how to work through the areas in life that feel overwhelming.
I am a neurodivergent therapist specialize in working with neurodivergent adults to help manage stress and emotions so that day to day life feels less exhausting. I have experience helping individuals with ADHD, autism, anxiety, and trauma find solutions that make their life feel easier. I aim to help them understand how they make sense, how to offer themselves compassion, and how to work through the areas in life that feel overwhelming.
(539) 269-1497 View (539) 269-1497
Photo of Jaq Zuidema, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jaq Zuidema
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119  (Online Only)
Are you spending your day feeling burnt out, on the verge of a meltdown, or feeling like you are going to shut down? A social life is important to keep our cups full and spoons in our drawers. However, when you wake up still feeling tired from the day before, socializing is the last thing you want to do. Living in a mode of constantly feeling burnout does not allow you to be your best self. Understanding your daily needs is important so that you can live a happier and more fulfilled life.
Are you spending your day feeling burnt out, on the verge of a meltdown, or feeling like you are going to shut down? A social life is important to keep our cups full and spoons in our drawers. However, when you wake up still feeling tired from the day before, socializing is the last thing you want to do. Living in a mode of constantly feeling burnout does not allow you to be your best self. Understanding your daily needs is important so that you can live a happier and more fulfilled life.
(918) 303-7183 View (918) 303-7183
Photo of Namik Kirlic, PhD, Psychologist
Namik Kirlic
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Someone once said that there are as many different kinds of depression as there are people dealing with it. Whatever might have led you to feel down, anxious, exhausted from stress, or finding it difficult to cope, will require an approach specifically created for and tailored to you. And, in addition to helping you overcome these struggles, this approach should also make it easier for you to do more of the things that make you feel happy and improve your overall quality of life.
Someone once said that there are as many different kinds of depression as there are people dealing with it. Whatever might have led you to feel down, anxious, exhausted from stress, or finding it difficult to cope, will require an approach specifically created for and tailored to you. And, in addition to helping you overcome these struggles, this approach should also make it easier for you to do more of the things that make you feel happy and improve your overall quality of life.
(857) 763-1732 View (857) 763-1732
Photo of Jaime G Vogt, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jaime G Vogt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119
I have worked with children and families for over twenty-five years and I never cease to be amazed at their resiliency. What I have learned is that children do cope with life struggles, but increasing the likelihood that they develop positive coping skills often depends on the support that surrounds them. Working with children and adults to recognize their own strengths and to learn new strategies for success remains a focus of my practice.
I have worked with children and families for over twenty-five years and I never cease to be amazed at their resiliency. What I have learned is that children do cope with life struggles, but increasing the likelihood that they develop positive coping skills often depends on the support that surrounds them. Working with children and adults to recognize their own strengths and to learn new strategies for success remains a focus of my practice.
(539) 233-4906 View (539) 233-4906
Photo of Samantha Whelan, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Samantha Whelan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119
Now Accepting New Clients. You feel trapped. Stuck in a seemingly endless loop of unwanted thoughts, fears, or painful memories. You feel like the only way to get relief is to avoid what hurts or do something…anything to quiet the thoughts. Your symptoms have made your life smaller and smaller until you don't even recognize who you are or who you were meant to be. You only see your symptoms. Perfectionism, OCD, anxiety, depression, substance use, and/or trauma make you feel like you are on an island alone. Let me help you to stand up to your fears, confront your shame or guilt, and reclaim your life. You can overcome.
Now Accepting New Clients. You feel trapped. Stuck in a seemingly endless loop of unwanted thoughts, fears, or painful memories. You feel like the only way to get relief is to avoid what hurts or do something…anything to quiet the thoughts. Your symptoms have made your life smaller and smaller until you don't even recognize who you are or who you were meant to be. You only see your symptoms. Perfectionism, OCD, anxiety, depression, substance use, and/or trauma make you feel like you are on an island alone. Let me help you to stand up to your fears, confront your shame or guilt, and reclaim your life. You can overcome.
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
Photo of Elisabeth Akeman, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elisabeth Akeman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Let’s be honest - life is hard sometimes. On the outside, it might seem like you have it all together, but on the inside you feel stuck. It’s a struggle to pull yourself out of bed in the morning. You’re overwhelmed with worry about every little thing. You always put others before yourself. You (and your mind) go go go all day which leaves you no time for yourself. You've been on this roller coaster for so long that it seems like there aren't any other options. Finding a way to break out of this cycle can feel overwhelming. You don't have to do this alone.
Let’s be honest - life is hard sometimes. On the outside, it might seem like you have it all together, but on the inside you feel stuck. It’s a struggle to pull yourself out of bed in the morning. You’re overwhelmed with worry about every little thing. You always put others before yourself. You (and your mind) go go go all day which leaves you no time for yourself. You've been on this roller coaster for so long that it seems like there aren't any other options. Finding a way to break out of this cycle can feel overwhelming. You don't have to do this alone.
(918) 553-5997 View (918) 553-5997
Photo of Karen Lacy, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Lacy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Accepting new clients with immediate openings in-person and remote! Therapy is about you, your self-defined goals, your perspective, and your experience. I believe you already have what you need inside to be successful in your healing journey. I see myself as a guide and holder-of-hope to identify, navigate, and remove the barriers that prevent peace and joy. I enjoy working with a wide range of presenting concerns, and I have expertise in treating teens, trauma, mood disorders, anxiety, and LGBTQ clients. I will guide our sessions with a strengths-based, person-centered, inclusive perspective.
Accepting new clients with immediate openings in-person and remote! Therapy is about you, your self-defined goals, your perspective, and your experience. I believe you already have what you need inside to be successful in your healing journey. I see myself as a guide and holder-of-hope to identify, navigate, and remove the barriers that prevent peace and joy. I enjoy working with a wide range of presenting concerns, and I have expertise in treating teens, trauma, mood disorders, anxiety, and LGBTQ clients. I will guide our sessions with a strengths-based, person-centered, inclusive perspective.
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
Photo of Marcy Redden, LPC, NCC, RYT-200, TIYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marcy Redden
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, RYT-200, TIYT
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Therapy is for all. For the hurt. For the worried. For the strong & the brave aspiring for something greater. Whether you're struggling with self-esteem, grief, loss, anxiety, or life transitions; whatever your reason, whatever your goals, I'm here to help walk alongside you in your journey toward growth, understanding, and healing. I offer a calm, comforting, and compassionate space for you to explore life's challenges, grow your personal insight, & gain or regain hope for your future. "Recognizing that you are not where you want to be is a starting point to begin changing your life." - Deborah Day
Therapy is for all. For the hurt. For the worried. For the strong & the brave aspiring for something greater. Whether you're struggling with self-esteem, grief, loss, anxiety, or life transitions; whatever your reason, whatever your goals, I'm here to help walk alongside you in your journey toward growth, understanding, and healing. I offer a calm, comforting, and compassionate space for you to explore life's challenges, grow your personal insight, & gain or regain hope for your future. "Recognizing that you are not where you want to be is a starting point to begin changing your life." - Deborah Day
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
Photo of Amanda May Kleeman Summers - Anchored BHC Interns, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anchored BHC Interns
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Welcome to Anchored BHC's intern page. Anchored BHC offers Pro Bono counseling services given by qualified Master level Interns. These Interns have a large array of experiences and knowledge to assist you in your journey. Anchored is here to continue to remove the barriers so that you can receive counseling services.
Welcome to Anchored BHC's intern page. Anchored BHC offers Pro Bono counseling services given by qualified Master level Interns. These Interns have a large array of experiences and knowledge to assist you in your journey. Anchored is here to continue to remove the barriers so that you can receive counseling services.
(918) 601-4017 View (918) 601-4017
Photo of Amanda Summers, LPCC, LPC-S, NCC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Summers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LPC-S, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119
Whether you're at the beginning of your journey, questioning your identity, or exploring various aspects of your authentic self, I am here to support and affirm your unique experience. If you're an professional seeking growth but feeling blocked, whether it be in your career, personal life, or both.
Whether you're at the beginning of your journey, questioning your identity, or exploring various aspects of your authentic self, I am here to support and affirm your unique experience. If you're an professional seeking growth but feeling blocked, whether it be in your career, personal life, or both.
(918) 303-7768 View (918) 303-7768
Photo of Jasmine Rowe, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jasmine Rowe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Accepting New Clients. Different seasons of life can open doors to various experiences that we may find challenging, intimidating, painful, or unfulfilling. Past methods of coping with daily stressors, or our way of simply being in the world may no longer feel authentic or true to who we are. I work with clients to explore and identify patterns of thinking and behaviors that are unhelpful; confront discrepancies and limitations that prevent forward movement; enhance self-love and acceptance; and ultimately empower clients to create a life that is more meaningful, intentional, and fulfilling.
Accepting New Clients. Different seasons of life can open doors to various experiences that we may find challenging, intimidating, painful, or unfulfilling. Past methods of coping with daily stressors, or our way of simply being in the world may no longer feel authentic or true to who we are. I work with clients to explore and identify patterns of thinking and behaviors that are unhelpful; confront discrepancies and limitations that prevent forward movement; enhance self-love and acceptance; and ultimately empower clients to create a life that is more meaningful, intentional, and fulfilling.
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
Photo of Katt Townsend, LCSW, TIYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katt Townsend
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, TIYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119  (Online Only)
You want a life that you feel content, radiant and supported in. You want relationships that don't feel like prison, and a job that feels like it was what you were born to do while saving for a future you know you can count on. You want to be that person that soaks in the beauty of life and knows when to say 'enough is enough'. So let's get you there.
You want a life that you feel content, radiant and supported in. You want relationships that don't feel like prison, and a job that feels like it was what you were born to do while saving for a future you know you can count on. You want to be that person that soaks in the beauty of life and knows when to say 'enough is enough'. So let's get you there.
(405) 645-7735 View (405) 645-7735
Photo of Marissa A Carpenter, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marissa A Carpenter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119
Marissa Carpenter, LCSW provides outpatient psychotherapy services that are grounded in a strength-based healing philosophy focused on restoration of the child and their family following traumatic life events. In addition, therapy services address the child's history of past exposure to trauma and its impact upon the child's current emotional, behavioral, social, academic, and family functioning.
Marissa Carpenter, LCSW provides outpatient psychotherapy services that are grounded in a strength-based healing philosophy focused on restoration of the child and their family following traumatic life events. In addition, therapy services address the child's history of past exposure to trauma and its impact upon the child's current emotional, behavioral, social, academic, and family functioning.
(918) 376-7998 View (918) 376-7998
Photo of Elizabeth Krantz, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Krantz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119
Immediate openings! Are you trying to find a therapist who understands? When dealing with shame, anxiety, trauma, or simply existing as a person, navigating the world can feel complicated. Mental health issues are frustrating and can sometimes feel insurmountable. The feelings of having a good life — feelings of satisfaction, confidence, and fulfillment — are hard to find. The therapeutic relationship is arguably one of the most important factors that determine success in therapy. For that reason, I strive to create a space where there is mutual respect, trust, and authenticity.
Immediate openings! Are you trying to find a therapist who understands? When dealing with shame, anxiety, trauma, or simply existing as a person, navigating the world can feel complicated. Mental health issues are frustrating and can sometimes feel insurmountable. The feelings of having a good life — feelings of satisfaction, confidence, and fulfillment — are hard to find. The therapeutic relationship is arguably one of the most important factors that determine success in therapy. For that reason, I strive to create a space where there is mutual respect, trust, and authenticity.
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
Photo of Brandie Chandler, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brandie Chandler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119  (Online Only)
Feeling lonely, exhausted, disconnected, inadequate or ashamed in relationships? Stressed about finding love? Processing what went wrong in your last relationship? Relating to others is complex! I can help you discover why its’ hard to make connections, and find strategies for improvement. I am strength based, affirming and compassionate. I have been both a client in therapy and a therapist. As a client, I used therapy to explore family dynamics and understand my missteps in relationships. Let’s work together on ways to find connection and pleasure to ease the hurdles in your life.
Feeling lonely, exhausted, disconnected, inadequate or ashamed in relationships? Stressed about finding love? Processing what went wrong in your last relationship? Relating to others is complex! I can help you discover why its’ hard to make connections, and find strategies for improvement. I am strength based, affirming and compassionate. I have been both a client in therapy and a therapist. As a client, I used therapy to explore family dynamics and understand my missteps in relationships. Let’s work together on ways to find connection and pleasure to ease the hurdles in your life.
(405) 293-1171 View (405) 293-1171
Photo of Becky van der Hagen, PhD, LPC, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Becky van der Hagen
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119
Are you are a guardian who is seeking help for your child? I could be the person you are looking for. I am therapist who specializes in working with children. I work with children starting at age 3. In therapy, I work on helping children have better awareness of their emotions, how to express their emotions in a healthy way, increase frustration tolerance, and process their life experiences. I also work with the children’s guardians to improve the parent/child relationship as well as help the parents be responsive to their children’s emotional and behavioral needs.
Are you are a guardian who is seeking help for your child? I could be the person you are looking for. I am therapist who specializes in working with children. I work with children starting at age 3. In therapy, I work on helping children have better awareness of their emotions, how to express their emotions in a healthy way, increase frustration tolerance, and process their life experiences. I also work with the children’s guardians to improve the parent/child relationship as well as help the parents be responsive to their children’s emotional and behavioral needs.
(539) 210-3110 View (539) 210-3110
Photo of Samira Yousef, LPC, NCC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Samira Yousef
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119  (Online Only)
Have you ever come across a situation in your life left you feeling confused - whether it be in your own response or someone else's? Perhaps it left you reflecting on your own needs or unsure of what steps to take next. Whether you find yourself in this situation or have other reasons for seeking therapy, I'm here to help. I help many clients who exhibit codependent behaviors and struggle to assert themselves. They yearn to find their voice, build confidence, and reclaim their sense of self. They seek to understand their trauma responses, cultivate self-compassion, and break free from unhelpful relationship patterns.
Have you ever come across a situation in your life left you feeling confused - whether it be in your own response or someone else's? Perhaps it left you reflecting on your own needs or unsure of what steps to take next. Whether you find yourself in this situation or have other reasons for seeking therapy, I'm here to help. I help many clients who exhibit codependent behaviors and struggle to assert themselves. They yearn to find their voice, build confidence, and reclaim their sense of self. They seek to understand their trauma responses, cultivate self-compassion, and break free from unhelpful relationship patterns.
(918) 228-5605 View (918) 228-5605
Photo of Julius Fellows, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julius Fellows
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Hello! My name is Julius and I am an EMDR trained therapist with over 11 years of experience. Through this journey I’ve learned that there can be Triumph within Trauma and often a Purpose in the Pain. As a Disciple of Christ I believe that all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. With faith and works, It can and will get better. Don’t miss your shot to move into the Life you desire. Today is the best day to get started. :) Julius LPC
Hello! My name is Julius and I am an EMDR trained therapist with over 11 years of experience. Through this journey I’ve learned that there can be Triumph within Trauma and often a Purpose in the Pain. As a Disciple of Christ I believe that all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. With faith and works, It can and will get better. Don’t miss your shot to move into the Life you desire. Today is the best day to get started. :) Julius LPC
(539) 352-4771 View (539) 352-4771
Photo of Amanda Peevsasser, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Peevsasser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Now Accepting New Clients! Life can be stressful, and even oftentimes overwhelming. Stressors and trauma can impact our lives in many ways, negatively contributing to our physical and emotional health. I believe the mind has the innate capacity to heal. Therapy can provide the key to unlocking our own power to make positive changes, improving how we respond to life's challenges. The process of change and emotional growth is one that starts with the initial step of reaching out. Therapy can provide a safe, confidential, judgement free environment to explore how to manage stress and live life fully.
Now Accepting New Clients! Life can be stressful, and even oftentimes overwhelming. Stressors and trauma can impact our lives in many ways, negatively contributing to our physical and emotional health. I believe the mind has the innate capacity to heal. Therapy can provide the key to unlocking our own power to make positive changes, improving how we respond to life's challenges. The process of change and emotional growth is one that starts with the initial step of reaching out. Therapy can provide a safe, confidential, judgement free environment to explore how to manage stress and live life fully.
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 74119

30+

Average cost per session

$132

Therapists in 74119 who prioritize treating:

84% Self Esteem
81% Anxiety
76% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
73% Stress
70% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
47% UMR

How Therapists in 74119 see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
14% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 74119?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.