Photo of Dave Bahre, PLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dave Bahre
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MO 63143
Life is a journey of time and distance, meant, not only to move us along from one place to another, but to paint the picture and tell the story of who we are, how we feel, and how we positively influence the world around us. Like so many journeys, there are times we feel lost, tumbling in murky waters, wandering in a dark forest, or forgotten in some unlit cave. Who am I? Why “all of this?” Where is my relief? My sanctuary? How do I survive, much less thrive? Sometimes we need to take a look back at the things that have happened to us and what our part in this was in order to understand how we arrived at where we are.
Life is a journey of time and distance, meant, not only to move us along from one place to another, but to paint the picture and tell the story of who we are, how we feel, and how we positively influence the world around us. Like so many journeys, there are times we feel lost, tumbling in murky waters, wandering in a dark forest, or forgotten in some unlit cave. Who am I? Why “all of this?” Where is my relief? My sanctuary? How do I survive, much less thrive? Sometimes we need to take a look back at the things that have happened to us and what our part in this was in order to understand how we arrived at where we are.
(314) 296-3222 View (314) 296-3222
Photo of Shannon Newcomb, MSW, LMSW, CLC
Shannon Newcomb
Licensed Master Social Worker, MSW, LMSW, CLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63143  (Online Only)
Do you feel like no one understands what you're going through and like you have to constantly explain yourself? We all have bumps along the road and I am here to provide you with the support needed in order to get through them. I provide therapeutic services through a "person-centered" approach and allow for clients I am working with to take the driver's seat and determine where we go and what aspects of concern we will talk about in session. I am here to listen, help you create positive change in your life, and provide you with skills necessary to handle everyday hurdles you encounter.
Do you feel like no one understands what you're going through and like you have to constantly explain yourself? We all have bumps along the road and I am here to provide you with the support needed in order to get through them. I provide therapeutic services through a "person-centered" approach and allow for clients I am working with to take the driver's seat and determine where we go and what aspects of concern we will talk about in session. I am here to listen, help you create positive change in your life, and provide you with skills necessary to handle everyday hurdles you encounter.
(636) 434-2577 View (636) 434-2577
Photo of Anna (Yue) Tan, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna (Yue) Tan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel emotions intensively? Do you wonder how you can live more fully? Let me help you navigate concerns related to depression, anxiety, self-criticism and stress, and explore effective changes.
Do you feel emotions intensively? Do you wonder how you can live more fully? Let me help you navigate concerns related to depression, anxiety, self-criticism and stress, and explore effective changes.
(314) 876-6235 View (314) 876-6235
Photo of Sarah F Coffman, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah F Coffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63143
Focused on women and female youth, Sarah's practice offers therapy for individuals, families and groups, within a safe and nurturing environment. This strong therapeutic alliance affords clients the comfort in which to develop greater self-awareness, heal from past traumas, and learn to cope with present difficulties. Along with her full-time private practice, Sarah is an Adjunct Professor at Washington University Brown School, where she received her graduate degree, and maintains an active presence in the community as a private doula and as the Missouri Co-Coordinator for Postpartum Support International.
Focused on women and female youth, Sarah's practice offers therapy for individuals, families and groups, within a safe and nurturing environment. This strong therapeutic alliance affords clients the comfort in which to develop greater self-awareness, heal from past traumas, and learn to cope with present difficulties. Along with her full-time private practice, Sarah is an Adjunct Professor at Washington University Brown School, where she received her graduate degree, and maintains an active presence in the community as a private doula and as the Missouri Co-Coordinator for Postpartum Support International.
(314) 527-3084 View (314) 527-3084
Photo of Michelle Salois, LCSW, RN, AAMFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Salois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RN, AAMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
Michelle enjoys working with Couples in distress, Individuals who are wanting to resolve problems expressing as depression, anxiety or problematic behaviors and Parent Guidance for children's problems within Family therapy. With past experience in Nursing and an undergraduate degree in Theology; Michelle approaches counseling with a broad understanding of what in a person's life and relationships might need a new kind of balance or understanding so that emotions can be healed, behaviors changed and relationships renewed. Michelle strives to combine a tender supportiveness with confident guidance to help people move actively towards their goals.
Michelle enjoys working with Couples in distress, Individuals who are wanting to resolve problems expressing as depression, anxiety or problematic behaviors and Parent Guidance for children's problems within Family therapy. With past experience in Nursing and an undergraduate degree in Theology; Michelle approaches counseling with a broad understanding of what in a person's life and relationships might need a new kind of balance or understanding so that emotions can be healed, behaviors changed and relationships renewed. Michelle strives to combine a tender supportiveness with confident guidance to help people move actively towards their goals.
(314) 786-3668 View (314) 786-3668
Photo of Kathryn Stinson, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathryn Stinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63143
Waitlist for new clients
You're living a different story. Maybe you always knew you would, because something about you has always been unusual. Maybe you planned to travel a well known path, but something happened, and you can't just go back to the way things were. Maybe you're burned out because something that was working for a long time just doesn't work anymore. Maybe you feel anxiety or depression or trauma is holding you back. You want to talk to someone comfortable with unconventional terrain, someone who doesn't insist that returning to the paved road is the answer but joins with you in the difficult work of mapping out new territory together.
You're living a different story. Maybe you always knew you would, because something about you has always been unusual. Maybe you planned to travel a well known path, but something happened, and you can't just go back to the way things were. Maybe you're burned out because something that was working for a long time just doesn't work anymore. Maybe you feel anxiety or depression or trauma is holding you back. You want to talk to someone comfortable with unconventional terrain, someone who doesn't insist that returning to the paved road is the answer but joins with you in the difficult work of mapping out new territory together.
(314) 827-6803 View (314) 827-6803
Photo of Gillian Parrish, PLPC, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Gillian Parrish
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MA
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MO 63143
In hard times, important transformations are possible, but we can get lost and stuck. It’s painful when our usual approaches don’t work. It’s difficult to see outside our ways of operating in constant stress, intergenerational reactivity, or shoulds that misshape us. I help people see and get more free. I help you connect with your core knowing so you can more wisely revise your life. You may be grieving (death, divorce, lost years, etc). You may be facing changes (career decisions/shifts, peri-/menopause, illness, burnout, etc). Change can also be tough on relationships, and my holistic approach can help you refresh connection.
In hard times, important transformations are possible, but we can get lost and stuck. It’s painful when our usual approaches don’t work. It’s difficult to see outside our ways of operating in constant stress, intergenerational reactivity, or shoulds that misshape us. I help people see and get more free. I help you connect with your core knowing so you can more wisely revise your life. You may be grieving (death, divorce, lost years, etc). You may be facing changes (career decisions/shifts, peri-/menopause, illness, burnout, etc). Change can also be tough on relationships, and my holistic approach can help you refresh connection.
(314) 296-3222 View (314) 296-3222
Photo of Sue Wilhelm, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sue Wilhelm
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
I have a compassionate, holistic approach, with a healthy sense of humor. I work with children, adolescents, and adults, including mental health professionals. I support children and adolescents with behavioral or emotional struggles so that they can learn more effective communication and developmentally mature behavior. I work with adults with emotional difficulties due to work stress, relationship difficulties, compassion fatigue, or chronic physical, emotional, or situational stressors.
I have a compassionate, holistic approach, with a healthy sense of humor. I work with children, adolescents, and adults, including mental health professionals. I support children and adolescents with behavioral or emotional struggles so that they can learn more effective communication and developmentally mature behavior. I work with adults with emotional difficulties due to work stress, relationship difficulties, compassion fatigue, or chronic physical, emotional, or situational stressors.
(844) 215-9349 View (844) 215-9349
Photo of Amanda Moeller, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Moeller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143  (Online Only)
Do you or your child display high emotional intensity? Passion and drive for learning? Insatiable curiosity, extreme focus and perfectionist tendencies? Deep empathy and awareness of social injustices and hypocrisy? Fear of trying new things and anxiety about the unknown? Gifted individuals are characterized by their heightened perceptions of self and the world around them, but are often limited in their ability to process their intense reactions and emotions. I understand and can relate to the varied and complex needs within the gifted population.
Do you or your child display high emotional intensity? Passion and drive for learning? Insatiable curiosity, extreme focus and perfectionist tendencies? Deep empathy and awareness of social injustices and hypocrisy? Fear of trying new things and anxiety about the unknown? Gifted individuals are characterized by their heightened perceptions of self and the world around them, but are often limited in their ability to process their intense reactions and emotions. I understand and can relate to the varied and complex needs within the gifted population.
(314) 309-2867 View (314) 309-2867
Photo of Susan H Clauss, LPC, MRSS, CRPR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan H Clauss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MRSS, CRPR
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63143  (Online Only)
You may be struggling with self-esteem, anger, frustration, stress, anxiety, conflict, grief, a difficult decision, or other challenges that impact your life, your relationships, or your job. You want someone to listen to you, to really hear your concerns, and to help you sort through and understand what you're going through. And you want help finding the tools, learning the skills and strategies, and accessing the resources to get you to a better place, whatever that looks like for you.
You may be struggling with self-esteem, anger, frustration, stress, anxiety, conflict, grief, a difficult decision, or other challenges that impact your life, your relationships, or your job. You want someone to listen to you, to really hear your concerns, and to help you sort through and understand what you're going through. And you want help finding the tools, learning the skills and strategies, and accessing the resources to get you to a better place, whatever that looks like for you.
(314) 936-4348 View (314) 936-4348
Photo of Brienna Thompson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brienna Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63143
Brienna is a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 5 years of experience. She is committed to helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples develop strategies for daily living that address their unique challenges. She specializes in depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, and child behavioral issues. Brienna completed her Master's in Clinical Psychology at the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology.
Brienna is a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 5 years of experience. She is committed to helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples develop strategies for daily living that address their unique challenges. She specializes in depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, and child behavioral issues. Brienna completed her Master's in Clinical Psychology at the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology.
(314) 820-0811 View (314) 820-0811
Photo of Kathleen Musca, MEd, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen Musca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MO 63143
Do you find it challenging to make time for yourself? Do you feel like you need a break from juggling the demands of daily life, even just for a moment? These breaks are essential in caring for your heart and mind. I specialize in providing supportive, mindful therapy as a piece of the greater picture of self care.
Do you find it challenging to make time for yourself? Do you feel like you need a break from juggling the demands of daily life, even just for a moment? These breaks are essential in caring for your heart and mind. I specialize in providing supportive, mindful therapy as a piece of the greater picture of self care.
(314) 300-7967 View (314) 300-7967
Photo of Barry J Larson, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barry J Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
I am excited to offer an environment of kindness, patience and respect where we explore what's most frustrating for you right now. We'll work toward increasing ease and explore how your life is offering opportunities to grow using courage and self-care.
I am excited to offer an environment of kindness, patience and respect where we explore what's most frustrating for you right now. We'll work toward increasing ease and explore how your life is offering opportunities to grow using courage and self-care.
(314) 804-1273 View (314) 804-1273
Photo of Margie Lewitt, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Margie Lewitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63143
Helping clients, whether we meet individually, as couples or in groups, is my highest priority. As a compassionate active listener, I provide a safe, warm, non-judgmental space. Our close relationships within our lives can give us strength but can also create conflict, anxiety, and/or depression. The result may be physical discomfort, low self-esteem, even PTSD, as well as thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can get in the way of making positive decisions. Working as a team, my clients and I identify behavioral patterns, set goals, and begin a plan to achieve resolution and healing.
Helping clients, whether we meet individually, as couples or in groups, is my highest priority. As a compassionate active listener, I provide a safe, warm, non-judgmental space. Our close relationships within our lives can give us strength but can also create conflict, anxiety, and/or depression. The result may be physical discomfort, low self-esteem, even PTSD, as well as thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can get in the way of making positive decisions. Working as a team, my clients and I identify behavioral patterns, set goals, and begin a plan to achieve resolution and healing.
(314) 762-6475 View (314) 762-6475
Photo of Kate Green, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kate Green
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MO 63143  (Online Only)
You have made the brave decision to seek support and you are worth it. Meeting with a therapist can be intimidating; it requires strength and vulnerability. We are imperfectly human and we deserve to work towards honest self-acceptance, empowerment, and esteem in a safe place. Anxiety, codependence, depression, grief, isolation, and feelings of powerlessness can leave us exhausted and at a loss for answers. It can be easy to forget that we deserve "to be loved, and to feel worthwhile" (W. Glasser). I invite you to remember that when experiencing stress. It would be an honor to be witness to the growth of your self love.
You have made the brave decision to seek support and you are worth it. Meeting with a therapist can be intimidating; it requires strength and vulnerability. We are imperfectly human and we deserve to work towards honest self-acceptance, empowerment, and esteem in a safe place. Anxiety, codependence, depression, grief, isolation, and feelings of powerlessness can leave us exhausted and at a loss for answers. It can be easy to forget that we deserve "to be loved, and to feel worthwhile" (W. Glasser). I invite you to remember that when experiencing stress. It would be an honor to be witness to the growth of your self love.
(314) 643-9712 View (314) 643-9712
Photo of Betsy Farrar, MA, PLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Betsy Farrar
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MO 63143
Life can be chaotic and stressful. As a therapist, my passion is helping clients create more peace & presence in their stressful lives so that they can tap into their intuition and connect to their authentic selves. Through collaborative work and an emphasis on mind-body connection, I support clients as they explore their deepest pains, longings, & hopes. Through this reflective work, we can view our obstacles with new eyes, implement effective coping skills, cultivate mindfulness practices, & create change.
Life can be chaotic and stressful. As a therapist, my passion is helping clients create more peace & presence in their stressful lives so that they can tap into their intuition and connect to their authentic selves. Through collaborative work and an emphasis on mind-body connection, I support clients as they explore their deepest pains, longings, & hopes. Through this reflective work, we can view our obstacles with new eyes, implement effective coping skills, cultivate mindfulness practices, & create change.
(314) 296-3222 View (314) 296-3222
Photo of Elaine Krull, MEd, PLPC, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Elaine Krull
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
My work is focused on creating a safe, warm, and inviting space for individuals and couples to receive therapy. Many of the couples I work with experience poor communication, lack of trust, and resistance to change. I believe those who are open to change and self-awareness are those who will benefit the most. I also enjoy working with individuals. You may be struggling with interpersonal issues. You may feel unsure of your identity and of the things you want in life. For both couples and individuals, my job is to walk with you on the path toward happiness and contentedness.
My work is focused on creating a safe, warm, and inviting space for individuals and couples to receive therapy. Many of the couples I work with experience poor communication, lack of trust, and resistance to change. I believe those who are open to change and self-awareness are those who will benefit the most. I also enjoy working with individuals. You may be struggling with interpersonal issues. You may feel unsure of your identity and of the things you want in life. For both couples and individuals, my job is to walk with you on the path toward happiness and contentedness.
(314) 501-9972 View (314) 501-9972
Photo of Megan Palensky, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Megan Palensky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MO 63143
I value the counseling setting as a place to discuss all thoughts and feelings freely and without fear of judgment so that new associations can be made, and emotional isolation can be replaced with connection. When we understand and accept ourselves, growth and healing can occur! I create a safe space where individuals can first understand how their personal experiences have impacted their lives and then collaborate with clients in order to establish authentic insights that will shape their stories moving forward.
I value the counseling setting as a place to discuss all thoughts and feelings freely and without fear of judgment so that new associations can be made, and emotional isolation can be replaced with connection. When we understand and accept ourselves, growth and healing can occur! I create a safe space where individuals can first understand how their personal experiences have impacted their lives and then collaborate with clients in order to establish authentic insights that will shape their stories moving forward.
(314) 370-2158 View (314) 370-2158
Photo of Gabrielle Kunar-Macias, MA, PLPC, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Gabrielle Kunar-Macias
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MO 63143
Life can be beautiful, but let’s be honest, it can also be stressful! From our very first session, you can expect to feel safe, validated, and at ease. I use humor and a strengths-based approach to create a space where we can be our authentic selves. My style is integrative, trauma-informed, and I tailor our work to meet your individual needs, goals, and interest. I incorporate art, play, reading, mindfulness, inner child, and parts work into our sessions. I can also communicate and collaborate with you or your child’s other providers (school counselors, teachers, physicians, etc.) to ensure a holistic and coordinated approach.
Life can be beautiful, but let’s be honest, it can also be stressful! From our very first session, you can expect to feel safe, validated, and at ease. I use humor and a strengths-based approach to create a space where we can be our authentic selves. My style is integrative, trauma-informed, and I tailor our work to meet your individual needs, goals, and interest. I incorporate art, play, reading, mindfulness, inner child, and parts work into our sessions. I can also communicate and collaborate with you or your child’s other providers (school counselors, teachers, physicians, etc.) to ensure a holistic and coordinated approach.
(314) 697-2260 View (314) 697-2260
Photo of A. Elizabeth (Beth) Austin, LPC, BC-DMT, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
A. Elizabeth (Beth) Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, BC-DMT, LCPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63143
Not accepting new clients
Being a Human is tough and the world we live in is a challenging place to navigate. Everyone needs support, care, and compassion in every stage of life. My goal for clients is to feel seen in the present moment, work together on embracing authenticity, and expand their presence in the world. In sessions we work together to find strengths, face challenges, explore identity, and recover from trauma and life changes. Therapy is hard work, and you are worth the hard work. For those that are wanting to go beyond just surviving, the opportunity to experience wholehearted living awaits.
Being a Human is tough and the world we live in is a challenging place to navigate. Everyone needs support, care, and compassion in every stage of life. My goal for clients is to feel seen in the present moment, work together on embracing authenticity, and expand their presence in the world. In sessions we work together to find strengths, face challenges, explore identity, and recover from trauma and life changes. Therapy is hard work, and you are worth the hard work. For those that are wanting to go beyond just surviving, the opportunity to experience wholehearted living awaits.
(314) 596-9056 View (314) 596-9056

See more therapy options for 63143

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 63143

60+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 63143 who prioritize treating:

89% Depression
89% Anxiety
82% Stress
79% Relationship Issues
79% Coping Skills
79% Self Esteem
70% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
79% Cigna and Evernorth
76% Aetna

How Therapists in 63143 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
11% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 63143?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.