Photo of Trevor Gregerson, LPC
Trevor Gregerson
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Petersburg, IL 62675
I have experience working with a wide range of different diagnoses including; Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Schizophrenia, Borderline Personality Disorder, and ASPD. I work with clients from ages 12 and up. I have helped clients manage major life transitions, relationship problems, grief and loss, and other life challenges. I use a multicultural lens when working with each client. I see each client as an expert of their lived experience. For me, therapy as a collaborative process in which I help clients achieve their own goals.
I have experience working with a wide range of different diagnoses including; Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Schizophrenia, Borderline Personality Disorder, and ASPD. I work with clients from ages 12 and up. I have helped clients manage major life transitions, relationship problems, grief and loss, and other life challenges. I use a multicultural lens when working with each client. I see each client as an expert of their lived experience. For me, therapy as a collaborative process in which I help clients achieve their own goals.
(217) 987-9833 View (217) 987-9833
Photo of Virginia L Thompson, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Virginia L Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Petersburg, IL 62675
I have been practicing therapy in the Springfield area for more than 25 years. I have a wide range of experiences in working with problems such depression, anxiety,and work relationships as well as relationship problems in marriages and families. I feel I am flexible with different issues and situations.
I have been practicing therapy in the Springfield area for more than 25 years. I have a wide range of experiences in working with problems such depression, anxiety,and work relationships as well as relationship problems in marriages and families. I feel I am flexible with different issues and situations.
(217) 917-4009 View (217) 917-4009

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jabari Baxter, MA MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jabari Baxter
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA MFT
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62711
In this life, everyone has their own journey to walk. Whether you are in a relationship or not, everyone has their own journey. That's as true as everyone has their own truth. If that's you, I would like the honor of walking on your journey with you. Let's unlock your truth, for it's the truth that will set you free. No one says you have to walk this journey alone. Share your story, let me hear your voice, and let's begin to walk. If you're looking to be set free from yourself, others, or a relationship, let's start to walk. If you believe in love and want to fight for what holds so dearly to you, let's fight together. See you soon.
In this life, everyone has their own journey to walk. Whether you are in a relationship or not, everyone has their own journey. That's as true as everyone has their own truth. If that's you, I would like the honor of walking on your journey with you. Let's unlock your truth, for it's the truth that will set you free. No one says you have to walk this journey alone. Share your story, let me hear your voice, and let's begin to walk. If you're looking to be set free from yourself, others, or a relationship, let's start to walk. If you believe in love and want to fight for what holds so dearly to you, let's fight together. See you soon.
(217) 858-3767 View (217) 858-3767
Photo of Mental Health Intake - Midwest Asian Health Association
We provide affordable mental healthcare to Asian American and immigrant clients of all ages, often in collaboration with local schools and community groups. We offer individual therapy, couples therapy, family therapy, group therapy, school consultations, community support, and mental health seminars. Our clinicians specialize in depression, anxiety, behavioral related issues, social skills, acculturation, parenting education, and family conflicts. We work with youth from age 5, adolescents, adults, and elders. Counseling services are available in English, Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, and Malay.
We provide affordable mental healthcare to Asian American and immigrant clients of all ages, often in collaboration with local schools and community groups. We offer individual therapy, couples therapy, family therapy, group therapy, school consultations, community support, and mental health seminars. Our clinicians specialize in depression, anxiety, behavioral related issues, social skills, acculturation, parenting education, and family conflicts. We work with youth from age 5, adolescents, adults, and elders. Counseling services are available in English, Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, and Malay.
(312) 800-1761 View (312) 800-1761
Photo of Cathy L Brown, MA, NCC, LCPC
Cathy L Brown
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor , MA, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
Offering 20+ years of skilled counseling experience specializing in child and adolescent issues including ADHD, anxiety, depression and all school issues. I have special training in adult issues related to self-improvement, anxiety, depression, mood and personality disorders, codependency, abuse. parent/child relationships, and divorce recovery.
Offering 20+ years of skilled counseling experience specializing in child and adolescent issues including ADHD, anxiety, depression and all school issues. I have special training in adult issues related to self-improvement, anxiety, depression, mood and personality disorders, codependency, abuse. parent/child relationships, and divorce recovery.
(217) 481-8078 View (217) 481-8078
Photo of Keilyn Ariana French - Still Waters Counseling Services, LCPC, Counselor
Still Waters Counseling Services
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62711
Hi I am Keilyn (pronounced kay-lin). :) I work with clients who struggle with self-esteem, relationship issues, anxiety & depression. I help them gain insight into how their past experiences effect how they interact with the world as well as overcome trauma, gain healthier coping skills, & improve their overall sense of self & live their healthiest, happiest, most authentic life. At Still Waters Counseling, we have added a team of wonderful clinicians & that means we accept children, couples & family counseling to our practice! Still Waters is a practice designed to be your safe space. Schedule with us today.
Hi I am Keilyn (pronounced kay-lin). :) I work with clients who struggle with self-esteem, relationship issues, anxiety & depression. I help them gain insight into how their past experiences effect how they interact with the world as well as overcome trauma, gain healthier coping skills, & improve their overall sense of self & live their healthiest, happiest, most authentic life. At Still Waters Counseling, we have added a team of wonderful clinicians & that means we accept children, couples & family counseling to our practice! Still Waters is a practice designed to be your safe space. Schedule with us today.
(217) 727-8275 View (217) 727-8275
Photo of Jordan Grimm, MA,  LPC, NCC, RN, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jordan Grimm
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, RN
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62711  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients. I specialize in clients struggling with grief and loss. As a clinician I recognize that as we move through life many if not most experiences include loss, physical or otherwise. I also work with clients struggling with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, or birth trauma. I provide a safe space for clients to process experiences and emotions and navigate a path forward to healing. As a member of the Still Waters Counseling team I look forward to empowering my clients so they can live their lives to the fullest and heal from past trauma.
Accepting new clients. I specialize in clients struggling with grief and loss. As a clinician I recognize that as we move through life many if not most experiences include loss, physical or otherwise. I also work with clients struggling with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, or birth trauma. I provide a safe space for clients to process experiences and emotions and navigate a path forward to healing. As a member of the Still Waters Counseling team I look forward to empowering my clients so they can live their lives to the fullest and heal from past trauma.
(217) 269-1394 View (217) 269-1394
Photo of Lauren Barris, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Barris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704  (Online Only)
I am a Linehan Board Certified DBT Therapist, and have been practicing DBT since 2015. I work with teens, young adults, and adults, specializing in Borderline Personality Disorder, complex trauma, and management of high-risk, self-harming, and suicidal behaviors. I integrate mindfulness, acceptance, and change strategies within a collaborative environment to help my clients reach their goals. Often, people living with BPD have suffered numerous traumas and invalidations throughout their lives; by offering DBT I strive to help these and other individuals be understood and respected so that we can work toward change together.
I am a Linehan Board Certified DBT Therapist, and have been practicing DBT since 2015. I work with teens, young adults, and adults, specializing in Borderline Personality Disorder, complex trauma, and management of high-risk, self-harming, and suicidal behaviors. I integrate mindfulness, acceptance, and change strategies within a collaborative environment to help my clients reach their goals. Often, people living with BPD have suffered numerous traumas and invalidations throughout their lives; by offering DBT I strive to help these and other individuals be understood and respected so that we can work toward change together.
(708) 726-8167 View (708) 726-8167
Photo of Lorie Estell, LPC, NCC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lorie Estell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62711
Accepting new clients. Lorie (she/her) is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional with a client-centered and trauma-informed approach to therapy. Since 2004, Lorie has a wide range of experiences within the community mental health setting as well as working with individuals of all ages struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, life changes and transitions, grief, anger management, stress management, geriatric issues, LGBTQ+ issues and personality disorders.
Accepting new clients. Lorie (she/her) is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional with a client-centered and trauma-informed approach to therapy. Since 2004, Lorie has a wide range of experiences within the community mental health setting as well as working with individuals of all ages struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, life changes and transitions, grief, anger management, stress management, geriatric issues, LGBTQ+ issues and personality disorders.
(217) 394-5841 View (217) 394-5841
Photo of Dr. Pablo Pagan-Rivera, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Pablo Pagan-Rivera
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62701  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome! I’m Dr. Pablo Pagan-Rivera, a bilingual (English/Spanish) clinical psychologist and founder of Reconnect Psychotherapy. My goal is to provide culturally competent and affirming mental health services, especially for the LGBTQI+ and Latinx/Hispanic communities in the state of IL. As a millennial, I bring a contemporary and empathetic approach to our work together. I want to help you reconnect with your authentic self and navigate life’s challenges with resilience and confidence. Through bilingual and virtual services, I want to ensure that you receive accessible care that's tailored specifically to your needs.
Hello and welcome! I’m Dr. Pablo Pagan-Rivera, a bilingual (English/Spanish) clinical psychologist and founder of Reconnect Psychotherapy. My goal is to provide culturally competent and affirming mental health services, especially for the LGBTQI+ and Latinx/Hispanic communities in the state of IL. As a millennial, I bring a contemporary and empathetic approach to our work together. I want to help you reconnect with your authentic self and navigate life’s challenges with resilience and confidence. Through bilingual and virtual services, I want to ensure that you receive accessible care that's tailored specifically to your needs.
(773) 300-5330 View (773) 300-5330
Photo of Erin Gabehart, MA, LPC, LCPC, Counselor
Erin Gabehart
Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62711  (Online Only)
I am a clinical supervisor and licensed therapist in Illinois (LCPC) and Texas (LPC), with 20 years of experience in the psychology field. I have worked in various settings, including private practice, corrections, residential substance abuse treatment, hospitals, and insurance providing clinical reviews for mental and behavioral treatment claims. I have worked with clients as young as the age of 3 up to 75+.
I am a clinical supervisor and licensed therapist in Illinois (LCPC) and Texas (LPC), with 20 years of experience in the psychology field. I have worked in various settings, including private practice, corrections, residential substance abuse treatment, hospitals, and insurance providing clinical reviews for mental and behavioral treatment claims. I have worked with clients as young as the age of 3 up to 75+.
(217) 955-2547 View (217) 955-2547
Photo of Julia Lopez, ATR, LCPC
Julia Lopez
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, ATR, LCPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor in the State of Illinois with 17 years of clinical experience. I use a variety of techniques in therapy and match treatment techniques based on the individual needs of each client. I focus on areas of anxiety, trauma and PTSD, depression, relationship issues, and adolescent/teen issues. I incorporate techniques from Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Art Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor in the State of Illinois with 17 years of clinical experience. I use a variety of techniques in therapy and match treatment techniques based on the individual needs of each client. I focus on areas of anxiety, trauma and PTSD, depression, relationship issues, and adolescent/teen issues. I incorporate techniques from Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Art Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(217) 290-2359 View (217) 290-2359
Photo of Vicki Vandeveer - Personal Counseling Services - Vicki Vandeveer, MA, MA, LMFT, LCPC, CADC, MAC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Personal Counseling Services - Vicki Vandeveer, MA
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LCPC, CADC, MAC
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
People sometimes need help. Stress/anxiety, depression, grief/loss, health problems, substance abuse, traumatic events, difficult relationships or family problems can interfere with a persons health & happiness. Since 1991, Vicki Vandeveer and staff have had the privilege to work with many people who were looking for answers to the difficulties in their lives. The agency mission is simple: We work with you to develop your goals and identify next steps to achieve them. PCS is dedicated to providing professional counseling services to assist individuals, families and groups in improving their lives "one step at a time."
People sometimes need help. Stress/anxiety, depression, grief/loss, health problems, substance abuse, traumatic events, difficult relationships or family problems can interfere with a persons health & happiness. Since 1991, Vicki Vandeveer and staff have had the privilege to work with many people who were looking for answers to the difficulties in their lives. The agency mission is simple: We work with you to develop your goals and identify next steps to achieve them. PCS is dedicated to providing professional counseling services to assist individuals, families and groups in improving their lives "one step at a time."
(217) 216-8284 View (217) 216-8284
Photo of Ariel Swanson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ariel Swanson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62702  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Easily overwhelmed? Feeling tense or nervous? Unhappy and struggling to see any brightness? Welcome and I'm glad you're here. Therapy can be intimidating but making it this far is a huge step in the journey towards finding peace. I need to know, “what’s going on?” No matter your answer, I am here to explore and process your mood, symptoms and stressors to bring you into a calmer place. Let’s work together to help you feel better and more confident in your day to day.
Easily overwhelmed? Feeling tense or nervous? Unhappy and struggling to see any brightness? Welcome and I'm glad you're here. Therapy can be intimidating but making it this far is a huge step in the journey towards finding peace. I need to know, “what’s going on?” No matter your answer, I am here to explore and process your mood, symptoms and stressors to bring you into a calmer place. Let’s work together to help you feel better and more confident in your day to day.
(779) 256-5433 View (779) 256-5433
Photo of Victoria Rosner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Victoria Rosner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62701  (Online Only)
Are you doing okay today? Whether you are or are not, I believe that therapy must be a "you-centered" experience where control over your quality of life is regained, maintained, and enhanced. I regularly tell my clients that I am a human first and a therapist second, which serves as a reminder that my priority is building a human connection with you. Empathy is the most important tool I bring. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who believes in creating a compassionate, nurturing, and empathetic space where clients feel comfortable sharing their deepest thoughts, feelings, and life experiences.
Are you doing okay today? Whether you are or are not, I believe that therapy must be a "you-centered" experience where control over your quality of life is regained, maintained, and enhanced. I regularly tell my clients that I am a human first and a therapist second, which serves as a reminder that my priority is building a human connection with you. Empathy is the most important tool I bring. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who believes in creating a compassionate, nurturing, and empathetic space where clients feel comfortable sharing their deepest thoughts, feelings, and life experiences.
(847) 457-0791 View (847) 457-0791
Photo of Guadalupe Quintana Salgado, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Guadalupe Quintana Salgado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62701  (Online Only)
Living as your authentic self is sometimes a struggle with who you expect to be and who others expect you to be. Changing habits can be very difficult but I want you to know that you have the ability to start over and be the best version of yourself. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychotherapist, I use a holistic approach to support clients to meet their behavioral health goals.
Living as your authentic self is sometimes a struggle with who you expect to be and who others expect you to be. Changing habits can be very difficult but I want you to know that you have the ability to start over and be the best version of yourself. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychotherapist, I use a holistic approach to support clients to meet their behavioral health goals.
(224) 243-7813 View (224) 243-7813
Photo of Denton Woodfern, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Denton Woodfern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62708  (Online Only)
I focus on trauma, life transitions, LGBTQIA issues, and how adverse experiences impact an individual's ability to effectively respond to life's many difficulties. Depression and anxiety manifest often as a result of dealing with challenges and it is necessary to reconnect with an innate, authentic sense of self in order to experience a fulfilling life. Each person deserves to live a life of purpose and meaning. I strive to help clients increase their sense of agency, feel more connected with themselves, and become better attuned to the world around them.
I focus on trauma, life transitions, LGBTQIA issues, and how adverse experiences impact an individual's ability to effectively respond to life's many difficulties. Depression and anxiety manifest often as a result of dealing with challenges and it is necessary to reconnect with an innate, authentic sense of self in order to experience a fulfilling life. Each person deserves to live a life of purpose and meaning. I strive to help clients increase their sense of agency, feel more connected with themselves, and become better attuned to the world around them.
(773) 530-2598 View (773) 530-2598
Photo of Gelana McCloud, MS, LCPC, NCC, CCTP
Gelana McCloud
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62701
Accepting New Clients. In-Person and Telehealth. People who are the most successful working with me often feel overwhelmed, angry, depressed, anxious, or can't focus. They may feel they are overly emotional, extra sensitive, or emotionally broken, and be of any age. People working with me feel they are having difficulty functioning in day-to-day life, feel overwhelmed, and have trauma-related issues, or other mental health concerns. Successful people working with me can tell you they can better function and thrive in today's world.
Accepting New Clients. In-Person and Telehealth. People who are the most successful working with me often feel overwhelmed, angry, depressed, anxious, or can't focus. They may feel they are overly emotional, extra sensitive, or emotionally broken, and be of any age. People working with me feel they are having difficulty functioning in day-to-day life, feel overwhelmed, and have trauma-related issues, or other mental health concerns. Successful people working with me can tell you they can better function and thrive in today's world.
(309) 857-0451 View (309) 857-0451
Photo of Breann Gray, LCPC, Counselor
Breann Gray
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62702
I enjoy working with clients who are motivated for change. Do you struggle with low self esteem, depression, anxiety, LGBTQ+ issues, life changes/transitions, racism based trauma, difficulty setting boundaries or relationship stress? I seek to provide a space for growth and healing where you can safely share vulnerable parts of your life.
I enjoy working with clients who are motivated for change. Do you struggle with low self esteem, depression, anxiety, LGBTQ+ issues, life changes/transitions, racism based trauma, difficulty setting boundaries or relationship stress? I seek to provide a space for growth and healing where you can safely share vulnerable parts of your life.
(217) 207-2922 View (217) 207-2922
Vernise Miguel
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62701
As a licensed mental health therapist, my mission is to provide a safe, empathetic, and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. With years of experience in the field, I specialize in helping individuals navigate life's challenges, from anxiety and depression to relationship issues and personal growth.
As a licensed mental health therapist, my mission is to provide a safe, empathetic, and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. With years of experience in the field, I specialize in helping individuals navigate life's challenges, from anxiety and depression to relationship issues and personal growth.
(217) 595-1168 View (217) 595-1168

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 62675

< 10

Therapists in 62675 who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Bipolar Disorder
100% School Issues

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 62675 see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 62675?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.