Photo of Tiffany Wilson, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Tiffany A. Wilson is a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for providing comprehensive care to individuals across the lifespan. Based in Chicago, Illinois, Tiffany employs a diverse range of therapeutic techniques including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-focused CBT, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), to name a few. She offers a holistic approach, tailored to each client's unique needs, and has experience working with a broad spectrum of mental health and social issues from addiction to trauma and PTSD.
Tiffany A. Wilson is a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for providing comprehensive care to individuals across the lifespan. Based in Chicago, Illinois, Tiffany employs a diverse range of therapeutic techniques including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-focused CBT, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), to name a few. She offers a holistic approach, tailored to each client's unique needs, and has experience working with a broad spectrum of mental health and social issues from addiction to trauma and PTSD.
(773) 232-4985 View (773) 232-4985
Photo of Bob Hirsch, PsyD, Psychologist
Bob Hirsch
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
My greatest passion and area of specialty is in working with individuals, of all ages, who are experiencing significant distress in their lives, including: death and loss, impaired self-esteem/confidence, anxiety, depression, life transition issues and relationship difficulties.
My greatest passion and area of specialty is in working with individuals, of all ages, who are experiencing significant distress in their lives, including: death and loss, impaired self-esteem/confidence, anxiety, depression, life transition issues and relationship difficulties.
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Photo of Allison Milewsky, ALMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Allison Milewsky
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, ALMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I work with teenagers, adults and relationships struggling with communication and self-esteem. I want to help anyone dealing with issues surrounding self-worth, communication, sex and intimacy, life transitions, abortion processing, depression and anxiety, and the perinatal/postpartum period to understand that they are not alone. I consider myself a relational therapist and work with any and all relationships! This includes but is not limited to couples, spouses, friendships, adult siblings, open relationships, and polyamorous relationships.
I work with teenagers, adults and relationships struggling with communication and self-esteem. I want to help anyone dealing with issues surrounding self-worth, communication, sex and intimacy, life transitions, abortion processing, depression and anxiety, and the perinatal/postpartum period to understand that they are not alone. I consider myself a relational therapist and work with any and all relationships! This includes but is not limited to couples, spouses, friendships, adult siblings, open relationships, and polyamorous relationships.
(773) 649-5296 View (773) 649-5296
Photo of Samantha Schwartz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Schwartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
Has anxiety become a barrier for personal or professional growth? You’re not alone. I create customized treatments depending on your needs. I strive to provide a safe and accepting space for my clients to feel heard, supported, encouraged, and challenged. When facing difficult times, our initial reaction may be “tough it out”. Instead, we have the opportunity to reach out for support and use the difficult time to learn about ourselves, start to heal from our past, and address our current concerns.
Has anxiety become a barrier for personal or professional growth? You’re not alone. I create customized treatments depending on your needs. I strive to provide a safe and accepting space for my clients to feel heard, supported, encouraged, and challenged. When facing difficult times, our initial reaction may be “tough it out”. Instead, we have the opportunity to reach out for support and use the difficult time to learn about ourselves, start to heal from our past, and address our current concerns.
(773) 207-3811 View (773) 207-3811
Photo of Aaron Swerdlove, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aaron Swerdlove
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Finding our true sense of Self or "Good nature" can be very helpful for healing and personal growth. Understanding our personalty structure or internal landscape i.e. the "Critic" , or the "inner child" etc can lead to clarity, compassion, curiosity, connectedness, courage, creativity, confidence, calm and everything in this wheelhouse. These are the characteristics of Self leadership. Come and explore with me, I'm here to help.
Finding our true sense of Self or "Good nature" can be very helpful for healing and personal growth. Understanding our personalty structure or internal landscape i.e. the "Critic" , or the "inner child" etc can lead to clarity, compassion, curiosity, connectedness, courage, creativity, confidence, calm and everything in this wheelhouse. These are the characteristics of Self leadership. Come and explore with me, I'm here to help.
(872) 204-2733 View (872) 204-2733
Photo of Beth Bennion, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Beth Bennion
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
I firmly believe that therapy is for everyone. I offer a safe, healing, and open space for folks to be heard and understood. My goal is to provide meaningful therapy specific to you, your life experiences, and your goals. Through my diverse experiences in community mental health, I have learned that we are not ‘one size fits all’. My practice is enriched through Mindfulness & Grounding, CBT, and IFS. I use a combination of trauma-informed, person-centered, and strength-based practices to explore new perspectives and foster growth.
I firmly believe that therapy is for everyone. I offer a safe, healing, and open space for folks to be heard and understood. My goal is to provide meaningful therapy specific to you, your life experiences, and your goals. Through my diverse experiences in community mental health, I have learned that we are not ‘one size fits all’. My practice is enriched through Mindfulness & Grounding, CBT, and IFS. I use a combination of trauma-informed, person-centered, and strength-based practices to explore new perspectives and foster growth.
(708) 765-6030 View (708) 765-6030
Photo of Batoul Hasan, BA, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Batoul Hasan
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
As we journey through our lives, it is inevitable that we might encounter challenges, confusion, loss, or self-doubt. The waves of stress and pain can carry us away from the shore of our true selves, making it difficult to find our way back to a space of peace and clarity. My aim as a therapist is to serve as an anchor amidst the uncertainties, supporting you as you move through the peaks and valleys of your unique path. This approach is largely built on relational elements, trauma-informed practices, mind-body healing, and fostering inner strength and resilience.
As we journey through our lives, it is inevitable that we might encounter challenges, confusion, loss, or self-doubt. The waves of stress and pain can carry us away from the shore of our true selves, making it difficult to find our way back to a space of peace and clarity. My aim as a therapist is to serve as an anchor amidst the uncertainties, supporting you as you move through the peaks and valleys of your unique path. This approach is largely built on relational elements, trauma-informed practices, mind-body healing, and fostering inner strength and resilience.
(708) 671-6548 View (708) 671-6548
Photo of Najah Buck, Pre-Licensed Professional
Najah Buck
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I am committed to creating a safe and nurturing environment where individuals can gain new insights into their experiences and understand how past trauma shapes their present. I work with individuals addressing challenges such as self-esteem, anxiety, and life transitions. I specialize in supporting those navigating identity exploration, trauma, and the complexities of multigenerational and intergenerational trauma. I am particularly passionate about working with individuals in BIPOC and LGBTQ+ communities who are coping with trauma.
I am committed to creating a safe and nurturing environment where individuals can gain new insights into their experiences and understand how past trauma shapes their present. I work with individuals addressing challenges such as self-esteem, anxiety, and life transitions. I specialize in supporting those navigating identity exploration, trauma, and the complexities of multigenerational and intergenerational trauma. I am particularly passionate about working with individuals in BIPOC and LGBTQ+ communities who are coping with trauma.
(708) 726-0263 View (708) 726-0263
Photo of Amber Konopa, LCPC, Counselor
Amber Konopa
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Amber Konopa is a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a versatile skill set that spans across various therapeutic modalities and demographic groups. With a deep commitment to her clients, she specializes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and several other approaches tailored to individual needs. Her services cater to individuals, families, children over 10, teenagers, young adults, adults, older adults, first responders, and military personnel, demonstrating her wide-reaching expertise and inclusivity.
Amber Konopa is a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a versatile skill set that spans across various therapeutic modalities and demographic groups. With a deep commitment to her clients, she specializes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and several other approaches tailored to individual needs. Her services cater to individuals, families, children over 10, teenagers, young adults, adults, older adults, first responders, and military personnel, demonstrating her wide-reaching expertise and inclusivity.
(708) 905-9738 View (708) 905-9738
Photo of Matthew Partridge, LCPC
Matthew Partridge
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
I seek to build a strong therapeutic relationship through active listening and collaboration. My role as your therapist is to appreciate the complexity and nuances of your concerns. I believe you have the innate ability to heal from pain and dysfunction, and my role is to meet you where you are and provide perspective to your situation. In the early stages of our work together, I emphasize establishing trust through clear communication and active listening. As we get to know each other, my style adapts to your needs.
I seek to build a strong therapeutic relationship through active listening and collaboration. My role as your therapist is to appreciate the complexity and nuances of your concerns. I believe you have the innate ability to heal from pain and dysfunction, and my role is to meet you where you are and provide perspective to your situation. In the early stages of our work together, I emphasize establishing trust through clear communication and active listening. As we get to know each other, my style adapts to your needs.
(708) 627-2873 View (708) 627-2873
Photo of Jodi Craft Bates, LPC, CSAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jodi Craft Bates
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I have experience in the treatment of addictions, anxiety, and depression. I am also experienced working with trauma, bipolar and borderline personality disorders. I graduated from Colorado Christian University in 2020 with my Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I am currently working on my CSAT certification. Prior to gaining my Master's in Clinical Mental Health, I worked in non-profit outreach providing services such as psychoeducation in anger management to marginalized population groups and people operations providing recruiting, career development, and human resources support.
I have experience in the treatment of addictions, anxiety, and depression. I am also experienced working with trauma, bipolar and borderline personality disorders. I graduated from Colorado Christian University in 2020 with my Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I am currently working on my CSAT certification. Prior to gaining my Master's in Clinical Mental Health, I worked in non-profit outreach providing services such as psychoeducation in anger management to marginalized population groups and people operations providing recruiting, career development, and human resources support.
(872) 219-1683 View (872) 219-1683
Photo of Kaylyn Howley, LCPC
Kaylyn Howley
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Kaylyn enjoys working with guests who are seeking personal growth and who are willing to try out new things. She has worked with individuals struggling with addiction, anxiety, depression, and who are undergoing transition and crises in their lives. Kaylyn has experience working with individuals, families, and couples. She is eager to apply her extensive knowledge base of mindfulness as well her personality strengths of empathy, humor, acceptance, and genuineness. She believes that therapy can help people discover their own vast resources for self-understanding and healing.
Kaylyn enjoys working with guests who are seeking personal growth and who are willing to try out new things. She has worked with individuals struggling with addiction, anxiety, depression, and who are undergoing transition and crises in their lives. Kaylyn has experience working with individuals, families, and couples. She is eager to apply her extensive knowledge base of mindfulness as well her personality strengths of empathy, humor, acceptance, and genuineness. She believes that therapy can help people discover their own vast resources for self-understanding and healing.
(773) 923-0082 View (773) 923-0082
Photo of Madalyn Simpson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Madalyn Simpson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
Waitlist for new clients
What drew me to the practice of therapy rings true more in 2023 than ever before: connection. At a time in the world that demands distance, therapy offers us a curious and compassionate entryway to reconnecting to the most intimate parts of ourselves, our wants, our bodies, and our partner(s). I enjoy working with adult individuals and couple systems around topics of modern dating, conflict management, communication, and (re)building intimacy.
What drew me to the practice of therapy rings true more in 2023 than ever before: connection. At a time in the world that demands distance, therapy offers us a curious and compassionate entryway to reconnecting to the most intimate parts of ourselves, our wants, our bodies, and our partner(s). I enjoy working with adult individuals and couple systems around topics of modern dating, conflict management, communication, and (re)building intimacy.
(872) 204-1062 View (872) 204-1062
Photo of Jamie N. Wichman - Jamie N. Wichman, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie N. Wichman, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
Societal norms, social oppression, and even loved ones can contribute to us feeling like we are not enough. This can have a significant impact on our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, and our negative automatic thoughts can be persistent and isolating. They can affect the way we approach others and how we navigate the world.
Societal norms, social oppression, and even loved ones can contribute to us feeling like we are not enough. This can have a significant impact on our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, and our negative automatic thoughts can be persistent and isolating. They can affect the way we approach others and how we navigate the world.
(872) 201-3556 View (872) 201-3556
Photo of Becky Davis, MA, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Becky Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
Becky is a Licensed Professional Counselor who has over 25 years of counseling experience and loves her job helping others! Her priority is to provide a therapeutic relationship in a safe, nonjudgmental, and confidential environment so you feel comfortable discussing your truth. Becky’s person-centered & integrative approach is customized to your specific needs. She counsels from a positive, holistic, strength-based perspective of hope and growth through self-awareness and insights. She believes each of us is a unique individual with several differences that make us who we are so only we know the best solutions for ourselves.
Becky is a Licensed Professional Counselor who has over 25 years of counseling experience and loves her job helping others! Her priority is to provide a therapeutic relationship in a safe, nonjudgmental, and confidential environment so you feel comfortable discussing your truth. Becky’s person-centered & integrative approach is customized to your specific needs. She counsels from a positive, holistic, strength-based perspective of hope and growth through self-awareness and insights. She believes each of us is a unique individual with several differences that make us who we are so only we know the best solutions for ourselves.
(618) 852-1405 View (618) 852-1405
Photo of Jana Arthur, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jana Arthur
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Not accepting new clients
Life is tough, in therapy we learn to deal with painful thoughts and feelings so we can enjoy the meaning and beauty in life. As a biracial therapist with a mixed cultural heritage, I aim to create a safe environment needed for change for people of all backgrounds and experiences. It takes a lot of courage to take that first step towards change, so I intend to acknowledge your vulnerability by meeting you where you are. I have extensive knowledge working with people of diverse ages, backgrounds, and presenting needs due to my experience working in community mental health.
Life is tough, in therapy we learn to deal with painful thoughts and feelings so we can enjoy the meaning and beauty in life. As a biracial therapist with a mixed cultural heritage, I aim to create a safe environment needed for change for people of all backgrounds and experiences. It takes a lot of courage to take that first step towards change, so I intend to acknowledge your vulnerability by meeting you where you are. I have extensive knowledge working with people of diverse ages, backgrounds, and presenting needs due to my experience working in community mental health.
(630) 315-0964 View (630) 315-0964
Photo of Sam Stewart, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sam Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
I am a Counselor with a passion for supporting emerging adults as they wade through the complexities of today's world. I believe in a Person-centered, Humanistic approach to therapy, building therapeutic relationships based around trust and mutual respect, fostering an environment of non-judgement, positive regard, and authenticity. I assist my clients on their journey towards their goals. Working together, we will discover ways to spur your personal growth and foster a greater sense of fulfillment in your life, utilizing, expanding, and developing skills and abilities, including ones you might not even know you already have.
I am a Counselor with a passion for supporting emerging adults as they wade through the complexities of today's world. I believe in a Person-centered, Humanistic approach to therapy, building therapeutic relationships based around trust and mutual respect, fostering an environment of non-judgement, positive regard, and authenticity. I assist my clients on their journey towards their goals. Working together, we will discover ways to spur your personal growth and foster a greater sense of fulfillment in your life, utilizing, expanding, and developing skills and abilities, including ones you might not even know you already have.
(872) 274-2709 View (872) 274-2709
Photo of Daniel Aron Edwards - Daniel A Edwards, PsyD, PsyD, Psychologist
Daniel A Edwards, PsyD
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
As a licensed clinical psychologist I will work collaboratively with you to identify and better understand the challenges you are facing, as well as the strengths and supports you possess to address these challenges. I have seen firsthand how this exploration can lead to desired changes in people's lives. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, recovery from trauma, substance abuse, body image and eating problems, grief and loss, relationship concerns, life adjustments, family issues, identity and sexual orientation issues, self-esteem development, immigration, and acculturation issues.
As a licensed clinical psychologist I will work collaboratively with you to identify and better understand the challenges you are facing, as well as the strengths and supports you possess to address these challenges. I have seen firsthand how this exploration can lead to desired changes in people's lives. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, recovery from trauma, substance abuse, body image and eating problems, grief and loss, relationship concerns, life adjustments, family issues, identity and sexual orientation issues, self-esteem development, immigration, and acculturation issues.
(872) 259-4710 View (872) 259-4710
Photo of Camila Richmond, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Camila Richmond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
It is common for human beings who experience trauma and life stressors to feel like their lives are unraveling. My passion is bringing healing to people who have been through a traumatic/stressful experience and also improve their lives. I enjoy working with adults of all ages. I am fluent in English and Portuguese. As a client-centered and trauma-informed therapist, I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative space and a vehicle for change.
It is common for human beings who experience trauma and life stressors to feel like their lives are unraveling. My passion is bringing healing to people who have been through a traumatic/stressful experience and also improve their lives. I enjoy working with adults of all ages. I am fluent in English and Portuguese. As a client-centered and trauma-informed therapist, I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative space and a vehicle for change.
(708) 586-4811 View (708) 586-4811
Photo of Jasmine Capo, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jasmine Capo
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
My specific areas of interest include working with individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing anxiety, depression, disordered eating, relationship and attachment concerns, difficulties with self-esteem, as well as those struggling with grief and trauma. I am also particularly interested in helping families navigate the complexities that come with divorce and/or separation.
My specific areas of interest include working with individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing anxiety, depression, disordered eating, relationship and attachment concerns, difficulties with self-esteem, as well as those struggling with grief and trauma. I am also particularly interested in helping families navigate the complexities that come with divorce and/or separation.
(708) 734-2952 View (708) 734-2952
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 60622

500+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in 60622 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Life Transitions
69% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

97% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
51% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 60622 see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
15% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 60622?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.