Photo of Samantha Prague, MA, LCPC
Samantha Prague
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Our worlds are chaotic, messy and sometimes cruel. As a result it is easy to unknowingly repeat that disorganization in our own lives. My goal to challenge these patterns of behaviors and relationships that may be keeping children, adolescents and emerging adults stuck. My specialty is working with strong personalities who have difficulty communicating their emotions with others, often relying on their behaviors alone to do so. My clients are quirky children who have ADHD, trauma, self injury, suicidality and mood disorders in addition to adolescents and college students who struggle with identity formation and healing the past.
Our worlds are chaotic, messy and sometimes cruel. As a result it is easy to unknowingly repeat that disorganization in our own lives. My goal to challenge these patterns of behaviors and relationships that may be keeping children, adolescents and emerging adults stuck. My specialty is working with strong personalities who have difficulty communicating their emotions with others, often relying on their behaviors alone to do so. My clients are quirky children who have ADHD, trauma, self injury, suicidality and mood disorders in addition to adolescents and college students who struggle with identity formation and healing the past.
(872) 266-7573 View (872) 266-7573
Photo of Robert L. Finke, PhD, Psychologist
Robert L. Finke
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has worked with children, adolescents, and families for over 15 years. I have extensive experience working with a variety of emotional and behavioral concerns (i.e., adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, mood problems, low self-esteem, peer issues, identity development, parent-child conflicts, attention problems, oppositional behaviors, and behavior management). I also work with young adults, focusing on stress management, life transitions, difficulties with romantic and peer relationships, family conflict, and struggles with identity that often occur in early adulthood.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has worked with children, adolescents, and families for over 15 years. I have extensive experience working with a variety of emotional and behavioral concerns (i.e., adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, mood problems, low self-esteem, peer issues, identity development, parent-child conflicts, attention problems, oppositional behaviors, and behavior management). I also work with young adults, focusing on stress management, life transitions, difficulties with romantic and peer relationships, family conflict, and struggles with identity that often occur in early adulthood.
(312) 436-1316 View (312) 436-1316
Photo of Jisela Regalado, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jisela Regalado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Congratulations! By looking at this site, you have already taken the first step to your healing process. Psychological struggles can feel so isolating. Psychotherapy is a powerful method for restoring wellness and facilitating both short-term and enduring changes. I utilize a collaborative approach with my clients, which provides them with a non-judgmental and compassionate safe space to feel empowered to take action and change.
Congratulations! By looking at this site, you have already taken the first step to your healing process. Psychological struggles can feel so isolating. Psychotherapy is a powerful method for restoring wellness and facilitating both short-term and enduring changes. I utilize a collaborative approach with my clients, which provides them with a non-judgmental and compassionate safe space to feel empowered to take action and change.
(630) 999-0252 View (630) 999-0252
Photo of Sara Turner, PsyD, Psychologist
Sara Turner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
My work starts with a focus on the therapeutic relationship itself, which must be safe and affirming to create the trust that supports change. My approach is gentle and collaborative, but also direct in order to best help address challenges in your life. I highlight self-compassion in my work, helping to connect to your strengths, struggles and pain. It is my belief that personal growth occurs when we explore all aspects of ourselves, examining our patterns and the ways in which we react with the world and our loved ones.
My work starts with a focus on the therapeutic relationship itself, which must be safe and affirming to create the trust that supports change. My approach is gentle and collaborative, but also direct in order to best help address challenges in your life. I highlight self-compassion in my work, helping to connect to your strengths, struggles and pain. It is my belief that personal growth occurs when we explore all aspects of ourselves, examining our patterns and the ways in which we react with the world and our loved ones.
(773) 840-0585 View (773) 840-0585
Photo of Laurel Meng, LCSW, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laurel Meng
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
You want to feel securely connected to others in your life. You want to feel empowered to navigate through life’s obstacles, with someone reliably in your corner. You want to trust in your own value and see yourself through a more compassionate lens. You deserve to feel seen and heard for all that you bring to this world and accepted for the myriad of identities that you inhabit. I can help you build self-compassion, improve your communication skills, and get more in touch with your emotional experiences.
You want to feel securely connected to others in your life. You want to feel empowered to navigate through life’s obstacles, with someone reliably in your corner. You want to trust in your own value and see yourself through a more compassionate lens. You deserve to feel seen and heard for all that you bring to this world and accepted for the myriad of identities that you inhabit. I can help you build self-compassion, improve your communication skills, and get more in touch with your emotional experiences.
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Photo of Silvija Barisic, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Silvija Barisic
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
If you feel unsuccessful, unproductive, unloved, overwhelmed by your own or other people expectations; stressed at work, home, or feel professionally and socially inadequate; or if you are going through sudden crises, trauma, loss, disruptive transitions such as job loss, divorce, and migration, then these problems could be addressed, transformed, and healed through counseling process. My extensive counseling experience has helped many clients to re-build their self-confidence, regain lost hope, and transcendent barriers. I am confident that together we can transform adversities into potentials and weaknesses into strengths.
If you feel unsuccessful, unproductive, unloved, overwhelmed by your own or other people expectations; stressed at work, home, or feel professionally and socially inadequate; or if you are going through sudden crises, trauma, loss, disruptive transitions such as job loss, divorce, and migration, then these problems could be addressed, transformed, and healed through counseling process. My extensive counseling experience has helped many clients to re-build their self-confidence, regain lost hope, and transcendent barriers. I am confident that together we can transform adversities into potentials and weaknesses into strengths.
(773) 295-0971 View (773) 295-0971
Photo of Max N Beshers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Max N Beshers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Not accepting new clients
Closed to new referrals at this time. In my 10 years of practice as a psychotherapist, I have worked with people facing many struggles, including surviving past trauma and abuse, feeling suicidal, and severe/chronic mental illness. As a member of the LGBTQ community, I have worked with many people who identify as LGBTQ, and have supported people through coming out, gender transition, and accessing gender-affirming health care. As a white therapist, when working with BIPOC clients, I use the frameworks of anti-racism and cultural humility, and strive to make space for exploring the impacts of racism and racial differences.
Closed to new referrals at this time. In my 10 years of practice as a psychotherapist, I have worked with people facing many struggles, including surviving past trauma and abuse, feeling suicidal, and severe/chronic mental illness. As a member of the LGBTQ community, I have worked with many people who identify as LGBTQ, and have supported people through coming out, gender transition, and accessing gender-affirming health care. As a white therapist, when working with BIPOC clients, I use the frameworks of anti-racism and cultural humility, and strive to make space for exploring the impacts of racism and racial differences.
(217) 472-4109 View (217) 472-4109
Photo of Neera Mehta, PhD, Psychologist
Neera Mehta
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
It is not easy to make the decision to start therapy, but I believe that the therapy process can help you understand the reasons for your symptoms and behaviors and help you make the desired changes in your life. In a warm and authentic manner, I will help you examine the ways in which you feel stuck or unfulfilled. We will work collaboratively to identify the obstacles to your happiness and your unique strengths so that you can achieve your goals.
It is not easy to make the decision to start therapy, but I believe that the therapy process can help you understand the reasons for your symptoms and behaviors and help you make the desired changes in your life. In a warm and authentic manner, I will help you examine the ways in which you feel stuck or unfulfilled. We will work collaboratively to identify the obstacles to your happiness and your unique strengths so that you can achieve your goals.
(773) 234-4938 View (773) 234-4938
Photo of Dr. Jose Andres Vila, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dr. Jose Andres Vila
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
As a bilingual (Eng/Spa) clinician, I steadfastly uphold the belief in fostering an egalitarian relationship with clients to facilitate the self-reflective & exploratory process of addressing personal concerns in therapy. I work with adults, specializing in individual & couples. My areas of expertise include working with relationship challenges, LGBTQ+ community concerns, treating ADHD, trauma, depression, anxiety, transitions/grief/loss. My holistic perspective delves into the cognitive-emotional-biological dimensions of human behavior, with a focus on exploring oppressive issues, early life experiences/dynamics, & attachment.
As a bilingual (Eng/Spa) clinician, I steadfastly uphold the belief in fostering an egalitarian relationship with clients to facilitate the self-reflective & exploratory process of addressing personal concerns in therapy. I work with adults, specializing in individual & couples. My areas of expertise include working with relationship challenges, LGBTQ+ community concerns, treating ADHD, trauma, depression, anxiety, transitions/grief/loss. My holistic perspective delves into the cognitive-emotional-biological dimensions of human behavior, with a focus on exploring oppressive issues, early life experiences/dynamics, & attachment.
(872) 274-2328 View (872) 274-2328
Kyle Chupron
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
My approach to therapy is collaborative and catered to clients’ unique needs as I incorporate a variety of evidence-based practices based on an individual’s personal goals. I offer primarily individual therapy services via telehealth; however, I am also open to providing couples & family therapy, in-person services, and psychological assessment services. While I am a generalist care provider who is open to serving many different identities and presenting problems, I have specific expertise in topics of LGBT+ and religious diversity as they may come up in therapy.
My approach to therapy is collaborative and catered to clients’ unique needs as I incorporate a variety of evidence-based practices based on an individual’s personal goals. I offer primarily individual therapy services via telehealth; however, I am also open to providing couples & family therapy, in-person services, and psychological assessment services. While I am a generalist care provider who is open to serving many different identities and presenting problems, I have specific expertise in topics of LGBT+ and religious diversity as they may come up in therapy.
(773) 345-9784 View (773) 345-9784
Photo of Brooke Petersen, MDiv, LPC, PhD, Counselor
Brooke Petersen
Counselor, MDiv, LPC, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Are you feeling lost? Confused? Facing difficulties in your relationships or in understanding yourself? I know that therapy can help. Together we will work to unearth the problems that have been causing difficulties in your relationships or ability to navigate challenges. I can help you to think through problems, discover solutions, and deepen your relationships with others and yourself. I seek to empower and understand you, knowing that you come to therapy with numerous strengths to draw on.
Are you feeling lost? Confused? Facing difficulties in your relationships or in understanding yourself? I know that therapy can help. Together we will work to unearth the problems that have been causing difficulties in your relationships or ability to navigate challenges. I can help you to think through problems, discover solutions, and deepen your relationships with others and yourself. I seek to empower and understand you, knowing that you come to therapy with numerous strengths to draw on.
(630) 557-8228 View (630) 557-8228
Photo of Melissa Queen O'Connor, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Queen O'Connor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my number one goal is to approach you with acceptance, empathy, and unconditional positive regard. I enter every therapeutic relationship with a genuine curiosity to understand the lives, struggles, and strengths of my clients. I believe in starting wherever you are comfortable. My office is a safe place to make sense of what is going on in your life. Together we will clarify your goals, identify obstacles, and find ways to overcome them. My approach relies on encouraging honesty, trust, acceptance, and safety. I believe everyone is capable of change.
As a therapist, my number one goal is to approach you with acceptance, empathy, and unconditional positive regard. I enter every therapeutic relationship with a genuine curiosity to understand the lives, struggles, and strengths of my clients. I believe in starting wherever you are comfortable. My office is a safe place to make sense of what is going on in your life. Together we will clarify your goals, identify obstacles, and find ways to overcome them. My approach relies on encouraging honesty, trust, acceptance, and safety. I believe everyone is capable of change.
(773) 797-9539 View (773) 797-9539
Photo of Katherine Alexander, LSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Katherine Alexander
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Are career pressures and relationship challenges leaving you feeling stuck and overwhelmed? Are complex family dynamics or past trauma making it hard to connect and find stability? Do you want to heal from your past and feel empowered to build a more fulfilling future? When life feels like jumping from one fire to the next, it's normal to feel paralyzed, but it doesn't have to stay that way. I help teens, young adults, single moms, and executives who want to heal from trauma, build healthy relationships, and feel empowered in their work and life. You don't have to do this alone anymore.
Are career pressures and relationship challenges leaving you feeling stuck and overwhelmed? Are complex family dynamics or past trauma making it hard to connect and find stability? Do you want to heal from your past and feel empowered to build a more fulfilling future? When life feels like jumping from one fire to the next, it's normal to feel paralyzed, but it doesn't have to stay that way. I help teens, young adults, single moms, and executives who want to heal from trauma, build healthy relationships, and feel empowered in their work and life. You don't have to do this alone anymore.
(872) 326-8243 View (872) 326-8243
Photo of Vanessa Guillen, LPC, CADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vanessa Guillen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
I am currently offering Private Practice Telehealth services at Psychotherapy Associates of Chicago. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship which can be curative in itself, which is why it is important to me to bring my most genuine self in order to have an authentic experience in session with my clients. I believe that together we can help increase positive thinking, increase self-esteem, decrease negative thoughts and feelings that might be interfering with your over all quality of life.
I am currently offering Private Practice Telehealth services at Psychotherapy Associates of Chicago. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship which can be curative in itself, which is why it is important to me to bring my most genuine self in order to have an authentic experience in session with my clients. I believe that together we can help increase positive thinking, increase self-esteem, decrease negative thoughts and feelings that might be interfering with your over all quality of life.
(773) 923-3665 View (773) 923-3665
Photo of Karla A Rennhofer, PhD, ABPP, BCETS, PSYPACT, Psychologist
Karla A Rennhofer
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, BCETS, PSYPACT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello, and welcome to my page! I work with people who have a wide variety of conditions stemming from relational and environmental stress. I believe that we are naturally programmed to heal, but often we rely on past coping skills that are no longer functional, and this blocks the path to healing. I think every symptom once served a purpose and that change can occur by looking at how and why these symptoms developed, while at the same time trying new behaviors.
Hello, and welcome to my page! I work with people who have a wide variety of conditions stemming from relational and environmental stress. I believe that we are naturally programmed to heal, but often we rely on past coping skills that are no longer functional, and this blocks the path to healing. I think every symptom once served a purpose and that change can occur by looking at how and why these symptoms developed, while at the same time trying new behaviors.
(847) 796-8438 View (847) 796-8438
Photo of Christen Scozzafave, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christen Scozzafave
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Many changes or challenges we face in life come with stress and pain, even when these changes are welcomed or planned. I believe growth, healing and peace are possible when difficulties arise, or life becomes overwhelming. In therapy, I will help you ensure transformation and healing occurs. I specialize in psychotherapy services related to perinatal complications (including loss), parental transitions, grief, bereavement & loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, adjustment to illness, relationship challenges, and life transitions. I am licensed in the states of Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey and Wisconsin.
Many changes or challenges we face in life come with stress and pain, even when these changes are welcomed or planned. I believe growth, healing and peace are possible when difficulties arise, or life becomes overwhelming. In therapy, I will help you ensure transformation and healing occurs. I specialize in psychotherapy services related to perinatal complications (including loss), parental transitions, grief, bereavement & loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, adjustment to illness, relationship challenges, and life transitions. I am licensed in the states of Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey and Wisconsin.
(773) 295-4054 View (773) 295-4054
Photo of Rodrigo Espinoza, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rodrigo Espinoza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Hi, how are you? Hola, Como estas? My name is Rodrigo, and I am a clinical therapist, who is fluent in both English and Spanish. I have been practicing and specialize helping adolescents, families, and adults of all ages to cope with anxiety, depression, and significant life adjustments. I also have a background in treating individuals with other mental health disorders from psychosis to other mood disorders from my experience working at a community clinic. I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy to help manage struggles you might be going through.
Hi, how are you? Hola, Como estas? My name is Rodrigo, and I am a clinical therapist, who is fluent in both English and Spanish. I have been practicing and specialize helping adolescents, families, and adults of all ages to cope with anxiety, depression, and significant life adjustments. I also have a background in treating individuals with other mental health disorders from psychosis to other mood disorders from my experience working at a community clinic. I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy to help manage struggles you might be going through.
(872) 266-4003 View (872) 266-4003
Photo of Hannah Christine Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Christine Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
I'm a queer psychotherapist who offers online or in person individual somatic therapy sessions for people who live in Illinois. My practice is pleasure and sex-positive and non-monogamy affirming. My areas of specialty include developmental trauma, religious trauma, neurodivergence, and gender & sexuality. As a somatic therapist, I support clients with building a capacity for emotional regulation and radical self-love by exploring your nervous system’s patterns of activation and deactivation.
I'm a queer psychotherapist who offers online or in person individual somatic therapy sessions for people who live in Illinois. My practice is pleasure and sex-positive and non-monogamy affirming. My areas of specialty include developmental trauma, religious trauma, neurodivergence, and gender & sexuality. As a somatic therapist, I support clients with building a capacity for emotional regulation and radical self-love by exploring your nervous system’s patterns of activation and deactivation.
(708) 766-9211 View (708) 766-9211
Photo of Joyce Bookshester, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Joyce Bookshester
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Life's challenges often take us by surprise. Having a strategic plan and support can help one face a challenge that may be accompanied by anxiety, depression, grief and as well as the impact of individual, marital and child and family life cycle stages. With more than 25 years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist, I focus on assisting children and adolescents,individuals, couples and families to aquire the necessary skills to confront life's challenges.
Life's challenges often take us by surprise. Having a strategic plan and support can help one face a challenge that may be accompanied by anxiety, depression, grief and as well as the impact of individual, marital and child and family life cycle stages. With more than 25 years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist, I focus on assisting children and adolescents,individuals, couples and families to aquire the necessary skills to confront life's challenges.
(312) 300-6912 View (312) 300-6912
Photo of Caitlin Nelson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Caitlin Nelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
I believe life and relationships are full of challenging, yet rewarding transitions. These transitions provide us with valuable opportunities to understand ourselves more deeply, and to strengthen our relationships. By recognizing our patterns of behavior and understanding why we have them, we are then able to decide if, and how, we want to change those patterns. I strive to help couples and individuals reach this place of understanding by drawing on their strengths and fostering compassion.
I believe life and relationships are full of challenging, yet rewarding transitions. These transitions provide us with valuable opportunities to understand ourselves more deeply, and to strengthen our relationships. By recognizing our patterns of behavior and understanding why we have them, we are then able to decide if, and how, we want to change those patterns. I strive to help couples and individuals reach this place of understanding by drawing on their strengths and fostering compassion.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 60613

900+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in 60613 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
82% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Life Transitions
72% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

98% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 60613 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
22% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 60613?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.