Photo of Wendy Biss, PhD, Psychologist
Wendy Biss
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
Offering Telehealth psychological counseling services to adults age 18 and older. Licensed and serving clients in Montana, Hawaii, and Washington. Over 17 years experience providing outpatient therapy to a wide range of clients. Therapy is a mirror that reflects our emotional lives; demanding emotional vulnerability, courage, motivation, and active collaboration by both the client and therapist. Therapy is most effective when the learned insights and skills help one enact changes in daily life that foster adaptability in an increasingly stressful and demanding world.
Offering Telehealth psychological counseling services to adults age 18 and older. Licensed and serving clients in Montana, Hawaii, and Washington. Over 17 years experience providing outpatient therapy to a wide range of clients. Therapy is a mirror that reflects our emotional lives; demanding emotional vulnerability, courage, motivation, and active collaboration by both the client and therapist. Therapy is most effective when the learned insights and skills help one enact changes in daily life that foster adaptability in an increasingly stressful and demanding world.
(406) 359-6827 View (406) 359-6827
Photo of Kathryn Warner - KWCounseling, PLLC, PhD, LCPC, LPC, CACIII, NCC, Counselor
KWCounseling, PLLC
Counselor, PhD, LCPC, LPC, CACIII, NCC
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Which path you choose will either allow you to experience peace and contentment or leave you feeling so overwhelmed as you struggle with feelings of frustration, doubt, anger, sadness, anxiety, shame, guilt, fear, or hopelessness. You are not broken, in need of fixing. Instead, you are deeply hurt and in need of care. Identifying some of these emotions may make you unsure what to do next. Rest assured, you are not alone. Many have felt the same but have found more efficient ways to heal through seeking help in the search for the cause.
Which path you choose will either allow you to experience peace and contentment or leave you feeling so overwhelmed as you struggle with feelings of frustration, doubt, anger, sadness, anxiety, shame, guilt, fear, or hopelessness. You are not broken, in need of fixing. Instead, you are deeply hurt and in need of care. Identifying some of these emotions may make you unsure what to do next. Rest assured, you are not alone. Many have felt the same but have found more efficient ways to heal through seeking help in the search for the cause.
(406) 285-2880 View (406) 285-2880
Photo of Andrea Walker, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, RPT-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Everyone is different and I have found over the years that people find many ways to cope. I work to help you cultivate those skills that are working and provide additional skills to help with healthy coping while providing opportunities to work through current and past life stressors in a non-biased or judgmental way. Focusing on these strategies consistently helps people start feeling better and less stressed. My goal is for you to find how therapy can help you feel better, with the added support and sense of not needing to do your journey all on your own.
Everyone is different and I have found over the years that people find many ways to cope. I work to help you cultivate those skills that are working and provide additional skills to help with healthy coping while providing opportunities to work through current and past life stressors in a non-biased or judgmental way. Focusing on these strategies consistently helps people start feeling better and less stressed. My goal is for you to find how therapy can help you feel better, with the added support and sense of not needing to do your journey all on your own.
(406) 720-8490 View (406) 720-8490
Photo of Cheryl Basta - River City Counseling LLC, MA, LCPC, LAC, Counselor
River City Counseling LLC
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LAC
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405
Life can be painful. All of us experience struggles and have battles to face throughout our lives. You don’t have to do it alone though. We want to walk with you through these struggles, give you support, offer hope, and empower you on your journey of healing. Through a collaborative, focused approach designed to meet your specific needs, we can assist you in getting on track to leading a happier, more fulfilling life by assisting you in gaining new skills to utilize in building a more efficient and confident way of managing life’s challenges. Together, we can get you there.
Life can be painful. All of us experience struggles and have battles to face throughout our lives. You don’t have to do it alone though. We want to walk with you through these struggles, give you support, offer hope, and empower you on your journey of healing. Through a collaborative, focused approach designed to meet your specific needs, we can assist you in getting on track to leading a happier, more fulfilling life by assisting you in gaining new skills to utilize in building a more efficient and confident way of managing life’s challenges. Together, we can get you there.
(406) 219-0362 View (406) 219-0362
Photo of Desta Jones - One Beautiful Life Wellness and Therapy, MA, LCPC, Counselor
One Beautiful Life Wellness and Therapy
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
You have taken the first step toward achieving your wellness goals, and I am so happy for you! Therapy can seem intimidating at first, but with my help, you can be on your way to living your best life quickly. I have been a licensed therapist for 25 years, and specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues including LGTBQ+. Because I hold a certification in Integrative Medicine, I can help you improve all aspects of wellness: social, spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional health. I work with compassion and nonjudgement, and I look forward exploring your journey with you!
You have taken the first step toward achieving your wellness goals, and I am so happy for you! Therapy can seem intimidating at first, but with my help, you can be on your way to living your best life quickly. I have been a licensed therapist for 25 years, and specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues including LGTBQ+. Because I hold a certification in Integrative Medicine, I can help you improve all aspects of wellness: social, spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional health. I work with compassion and nonjudgement, and I look forward exploring your journey with you!
(406) 302-8012 View (406) 302-8012
Photo of Samantha Morales, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Morales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker in the state of Texas and Montana. I’ve been practicing in hospitals, inpatient and outpatient clinics, military mental health clinics and private practice in the community. I have experience working with those coping with depression, anxiety, grief/loss, and trauma. I have experience working with individuals, both adults and adolescents, couples, groups and the military/veteran population. I primarily utilize cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic and interpersonal approaches in treatment. I am client-centered, which allows my clients to take a more active role in our sessions.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in the state of Texas and Montana. I’ve been practicing in hospitals, inpatient and outpatient clinics, military mental health clinics and private practice in the community. I have experience working with those coping with depression, anxiety, grief/loss, and trauma. I have experience working with individuals, both adults and adolescents, couples, groups and the military/veteran population. I primarily utilize cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic and interpersonal approaches in treatment. I am client-centered, which allows my clients to take a more active role in our sessions.
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Photo of Emily Shelton - Mountain Therapy, LLC, LCPC, LAC, C-DBT, Counselor
Mountain Therapy, LLC
Counselor, LCPC, LAC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405
We will focus on personal strengths and teach you how to build on and improve self-image by way of lifestyle and behavior changes. We assess emotional, spiritual and physical health and work to improve the quality of your life. We take the time to listen to your story and meet you where you are. Positivity, encouragement and guidance is effective and part of the healing and recovery process. Our team is culturally diverse and ready to work with you today.
We will focus on personal strengths and teach you how to build on and improve self-image by way of lifestyle and behavior changes. We assess emotional, spiritual and physical health and work to improve the quality of your life. We take the time to listen to your story and meet you where you are. Positivity, encouragement and guidance is effective and part of the healing and recovery process. Our team is culturally diverse and ready to work with you today.
(406) 630-4114 View (406) 630-4114
Photo of Jenn Jovin - Cowick Mental Health Services, LLC, MSW, SWLC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cowick Mental Health Services, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a therapy approach that delivers real, tangible results? I specialize in Solution-Focused, Outcome-Based Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing—techniques designed to help you achieve specific goals and make lasting changes. My practice is ideal for those who are wanting to overcome challenges and are seeking a path to get there. I bring a wealth of experience and empathy to my practice. My passion lies in working with adolescents to adults, as well as couples therapy.
Are you looking for a therapy approach that delivers real, tangible results? I specialize in Solution-Focused, Outcome-Based Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing—techniques designed to help you achieve specific goals and make lasting changes. My practice is ideal for those who are wanting to overcome challenges and are seeking a path to get there. I bring a wealth of experience and empathy to my practice. My passion lies in working with adolescents to adults, as well as couples therapy.
(406) 926-0365 View (406) 926-0365
Photo of Sheila Murray - Sheila Murray, LCPC, LLC , MA, LCPC, Counselor
Sheila Murray, LCPC, LLC
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405
Do you feel overwhelmed or stuck with a life change, loss or trauma? Are you desiring change and fearing it at the same time? When we go through life changes, loss or trauma we can get turned around and have a hard time finding our ground again. Sometimes we lose touch gradually, over years of not being seen or heard. Not feeling safe enough to speak our truth or be who we really are. This can show up as depression, anxiety, or feeling stuck and unable to trust ourselves. Sometimes it’s just a feeling of emptiness on the inside, even though things look good on the outside.
Do you feel overwhelmed or stuck with a life change, loss or trauma? Are you desiring change and fearing it at the same time? When we go through life changes, loss or trauma we can get turned around and have a hard time finding our ground again. Sometimes we lose touch gradually, over years of not being seen or heard. Not feeling safe enough to speak our truth or be who we really are. This can show up as depression, anxiety, or feeling stuck and unable to trust ourselves. Sometimes it’s just a feeling of emptiness on the inside, even though things look good on the outside.
(406) 426-5123 View (406) 426-5123
Photo of Ashley B Smith - Mountain Therapy, LAC, LCPC, Counselor
Mountain Therapy
Counselor, LAC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405
I am a retired Navy Veteran, that was born and raised right here in Great Falls MT. I work with all clients over the age of 18. My passion is helping my clients to find a solution for their mental health and addiction problems.
I am a retired Navy Veteran, that was born and raised right here in Great Falls MT. I work with all clients over the age of 18. My passion is helping my clients to find a solution for their mental health and addiction problems.
(406) 380-4322 View (406) 380-4322
Photo of Sami J. Lemons-Velez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sami J. Lemons-Velez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405
It all begins with a question. Often clients consider therapy in the midst of challenging circumstances unfolding in their life - confused, bewildered - seeking a reassuring presence to walk alongside them. I offer a warm, engaging presence to help you sift, sort and begin making sense of the emotional terrain you are walking. Together, we will gently explore questions such as "given this experience, who am I now?" I believe we each possess a sacred landscape within - with gifts, hopes, dreams, and strengths beneath the surface - not lost, but often covered by the grit of storms that sometimes move through our lives.
It all begins with a question. Often clients consider therapy in the midst of challenging circumstances unfolding in their life - confused, bewildered - seeking a reassuring presence to walk alongside them. I offer a warm, engaging presence to help you sift, sort and begin making sense of the emotional terrain you are walking. Together, we will gently explore questions such as "given this experience, who am I now?" I believe we each possess a sacred landscape within - with gifts, hopes, dreams, and strengths beneath the surface - not lost, but often covered by the grit of storms that sometimes move through our lives.
(406) 732-7956 View (406) 732-7956
Photo of Janet Schneider, LCPC, LMFT
Janet Schneider
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405
Waitlist for new clients
Through individual therapy, family counseling, or couples counseling I will give you information, tools and assistance you need to find relief from your pain and a solution to your difficulties. I have helped families, couples, and individual clients heal, grow, and change their lives. I work to enhance and expand people's ability to experience deeper connection with themselves and others. I believe in treating the whole person and not just mental health symptoms. Through therapy I help people in their desire to close the gap between where they are right now and where they want to be.
Through individual therapy, family counseling, or couples counseling I will give you information, tools and assistance you need to find relief from your pain and a solution to your difficulties. I have helped families, couples, and individual clients heal, grow, and change their lives. I work to enhance and expand people's ability to experience deeper connection with themselves and others. I believe in treating the whole person and not just mental health symptoms. Through therapy I help people in their desire to close the gap between where they are right now and where they want to be.
(406) 206-3940 View (406) 206-3940
Photo of Lida Holst, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lida Holst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405
We all possess the innate capacity for healing and growth, despite how painful our current struggles or past experiences may be. I believe even the most difficult symptom or behavior began as a way to cope with something unmanageable, and that we are able to shed the symptoms and behaviors that no longer serve us by building authentic and compassionate relationships with ourselves and others. I practice from a humanistic and trauma-informed perspective, and believe that safety and trust are the foundation of an effective therapeutic relationship.
We all possess the innate capacity for healing and growth, despite how painful our current struggles or past experiences may be. I believe even the most difficult symptom or behavior began as a way to cope with something unmanageable, and that we are able to shed the symptoms and behaviors that no longer serve us by building authentic and compassionate relationships with ourselves and others. I practice from a humanistic and trauma-informed perspective, and believe that safety and trust are the foundation of an effective therapeutic relationship.
(406) 344-8309 View (406) 344-8309
Photo of Dr. Caroline Krenn, MA, PsyD, LCPC, Counselor
Dr. Caroline Krenn
Counselor, MA, PsyD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
At times we can become so overwhelmed we feel lost. Our pain can overcome our capacity towards transformative healing and growth. In these moments, it is my honor and privilege to offer a light in the dark.
At times we can become so overwhelmed we feel lost. Our pain can overcome our capacity towards transformative healing and growth. In these moments, it is my honor and privilege to offer a light in the dark.
(406) 296-5562 View (406) 296-5562
Photo of Samantha Jacobs - Breaking Cycles LLC, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Breaking Cycles LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405
Hello, my name is Samantha Jacobs. I recognize that trauma often does not start with you. I believe that cycles of trauma can stop with you. I am passionate about working with clients who desire to break generational, personal and interpersonal cycles of addiction, anger, anxiety, depression, abuse, conflict and other dysfunctions that hold us back from being our best selves. As a therapist, this often means assisting children, teens, and adults with a whole family approach.
Hello, my name is Samantha Jacobs. I recognize that trauma often does not start with you. I believe that cycles of trauma can stop with you. I am passionate about working with clients who desire to break generational, personal and interpersonal cycles of addiction, anger, anxiety, depression, abuse, conflict and other dysfunctions that hold us back from being our best selves. As a therapist, this often means assisting children, teens, and adults with a whole family approach.
(785) 829-4988 View (785) 829-4988
Photo of Zoe Ingalls - Empowering Light Counseling, LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Empowering Light Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Texas and Montana. I have experience working with a variety of different populations from youth to adults, facing concerns with anxiety, depression, PTSD, anger, stress, and relationship conflicts. My therapy style is to listen, understand, and partner with you to work towards the changes you would like to make.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Texas and Montana. I have experience working with a variety of different populations from youth to adults, facing concerns with anxiety, depression, PTSD, anger, stress, and relationship conflicts. My therapy style is to listen, understand, and partner with you to work towards the changes you would like to make.
(936) 274-1979 View (936) 274-1979
Photo of Alana Vosen, MS, LCPC, CCTP, CCSP, Counselor
Alana Vosen
Counselor, MS, LCPC, CCTP, CCSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
I use Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) to help individuals identify their attachment needs and help the couple work together to form a more secure bond. With EFT, I will help the couple or individual strengthen their relationships through emotional bonding with their partner/friend/family member.
I use Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) to help individuals identify their attachment needs and help the couple work together to form a more secure bond. With EFT, I will help the couple or individual strengthen their relationships through emotional bonding with their partner/friend/family member.
(406) 412-7005 View (406) 412-7005
Photo of Dusti B Zimmer, LCSW, ACSW, MHPP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dusti B Zimmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, MHPP
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405
I am licensed in the beautiful state of Montana with 20 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress management, anxiety, depression, coping with grief and loss, self-esteem, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, EMDR, as well as evaluations to determine what maybe be impacting you. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and well-adjusted life and to take the first steps towards change, creating goals and achieving success.
I am licensed in the beautiful state of Montana with 20 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress management, anxiety, depression, coping with grief and loss, self-esteem, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, EMDR, as well as evaluations to determine what maybe be impacting you. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and well-adjusted life and to take the first steps towards change, creating goals and achieving success.
(406) 780-3576 View (406) 780-3576
Photo of Amber Noone, MA, LCPC, LMHC, Counselor
Amber Noone
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Great Falls, MT 59405  (Online Only)
Whether it is events of the past that you are struggling to make sense of or current situations that are challenging you, it is my honor to walk alongside you on this journey as you aim to sort it all out. I operate from a strengths-based approach as I truly believe that every person has the answer and solution to their struggles within them. Sometimes, we just need a little help from an outside source to uncover those answers and find our truth. Together, we will work towards healing and gaining insight from your experiences so that you can achieve your fullest potential and live a balanced life.
Whether it is events of the past that you are struggling to make sense of or current situations that are challenging you, it is my honor to walk alongside you on this journey as you aim to sort it all out. I operate from a strengths-based approach as I truly believe that every person has the answer and solution to their struggles within them. Sometimes, we just need a little help from an outside source to uncover those answers and find our truth. Together, we will work towards healing and gaining insight from your experiences so that you can achieve your fullest potential and live a balanced life.
(360) 516-4522 View (360) 516-4522
Photo of Bridgette Pence, LCPC, Counselor
Bridgette Pence
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Great Falls, MT 59405
You are dedicated to “getting it right”. You work hard - in your job, your relationships - but it never seems to be enough. You are exhausted. You feel defeated. And despite all of your efforts, things are still falling apart. The areas of your life that you can’t fully control - a relationship, your child, a circumstance or negative event, a life transition- leave you feeling like a failure. You are functional, but life doesn’t genuinely feel optimal. Despite your exhaustive efforts…it wasn’t enough. You believe you weren’t enough.
You are dedicated to “getting it right”. You work hard - in your job, your relationships - but it never seems to be enough. You are exhausted. You feel defeated. And despite all of your efforts, things are still falling apart. The areas of your life that you can’t fully control - a relationship, your child, a circumstance or negative event, a life transition- leave you feeling like a failure. You are functional, but life doesn’t genuinely feel optimal. Despite your exhaustive efforts…it wasn’t enough. You believe you weren’t enough.
(406) 308-5670 View (406) 308-5670
1

Nearby Searches for 59405

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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 59405

20+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 59405 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
73% Coping Skills
73% Self Esteem
73% Stress
68% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
74% Cigna and Evernorth
63% Aetna

How Therapists in 59405 see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

95% Female
5% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 59405?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.