Photo of Jared Krichbaum, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jared Krichbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812  (Online Only)
Therapy should be a comfortable space where clients can explore problems, understand themselves and their experiences, and make necessary changes to build more fulfilling and authentic lives. Much of my work has been focused on serving Black, Indigenous, Latinx, Asian, LGBTQ2+, and working-class people struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, discrimination, relationships, identity, transitioning, disability, work, and family. My goal is to promote self-determination and work collaboratively with clients so they feel deeply understood, connected, and more empowered to move toward genuine healing and growth.
Therapy should be a comfortable space where clients can explore problems, understand themselves and their experiences, and make necessary changes to build more fulfilling and authentic lives. Much of my work has been focused on serving Black, Indigenous, Latinx, Asian, LGBTQ2+, and working-class people struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, discrimination, relationships, identity, transitioning, disability, work, and family. My goal is to promote self-determination and work collaboratively with clients so they feel deeply understood, connected, and more empowered to move toward genuine healing and growth.
(218) 227-2545 View (218) 227-2545
Photo of Andrea Ellen Mousel, Marriage & Family Therapist
Andrea Ellen Mousel
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812
Andrea Mousel has a Master’s degree in psychotherapy and counseling from Adler Graduate School. She is licensed as a mental health professional in the state of Minnesota as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (license number 2013). She completed over 90 hours of clinical hypnosis through the Minnesota Society of Clinical Hypnosis and is trained in EMDR I and II. She is also certified in the State of Minnesota as a gambling treatment provider. Andrea Mousel has been in private practice since 2010 and has over 13 years' experience.
Andrea Mousel has a Master’s degree in psychotherapy and counseling from Adler Graduate School. She is licensed as a mental health professional in the state of Minnesota as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (license number 2013). She completed over 90 hours of clinical hypnosis through the Minnesota Society of Clinical Hypnosis and is trained in EMDR I and II. She is also certified in the State of Minnesota as a gambling treatment provider. Andrea Mousel has been in private practice since 2010 and has over 13 years' experience.
(218) 366-9833 x101 View (218) 366-9833 x101
Photo of Christina Finlo, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christina Finlo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812
One side of this work may involve pursuing wisdom, guidance and support. The other, involves pursuing healing into our deepest self. Some concepts to explore are... How do you make sense of and think about your world and self? How do you experience and manage your emotional world, what are your survival styles and patterns in relationships, distress and behavior? In what ways do you carry emotional pain and trauma on a body level, impacting you in known and unknown ways? I'm trained as a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner to work with the release and resolution of trauma that can be trapped in one's physiology and nervous system.
One side of this work may involve pursuing wisdom, guidance and support. The other, involves pursuing healing into our deepest self. Some concepts to explore are... How do you make sense of and think about your world and self? How do you experience and manage your emotional world, what are your survival styles and patterns in relationships, distress and behavior? In what ways do you carry emotional pain and trauma on a body level, impacting you in known and unknown ways? I'm trained as a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner to work with the release and resolution of trauma that can be trapped in one's physiology and nervous system.
(218) 215-1069 View (218) 215-1069
Photo of Peter J Kroll, MSE, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Peter J Kroll
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSE, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Duluth, MN 55812
My main inspiration comes from working with clients to create change and overall live a more effective life. I believe it is imperative to treat all areas of who we are as a person. I address mental health concerns but also I address physical and spiritual health. Often one or all of these areas are deficient for an individual leading to an overall decrease in wellness. Clinically my approach is from a cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapy perspective. From these frameworks we can identify maladaptive behavior cycles and change them to skillful approaches bringing progression in your life.
My main inspiration comes from working with clients to create change and overall live a more effective life. I believe it is imperative to treat all areas of who we are as a person. I address mental health concerns but also I address physical and spiritual health. Often one or all of these areas are deficient for an individual leading to an overall decrease in wellness. Clinically my approach is from a cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapy perspective. From these frameworks we can identify maladaptive behavior cycles and change them to skillful approaches bringing progression in your life.
(218) 514-6312 View (218) 514-6312
Photo of Jonathan Beyer, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Jonathan Beyer
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812
I enjoy working with a variety of patients and feel comfortable addressing a diverse array of presenting issues. I have over 30 years of experience in the mental health field.
I enjoy working with a variety of patients and feel comfortable addressing a diverse array of presenting issues. I have over 30 years of experience in the mental health field.
(218) 389-7619 View (218) 389-7619
Photo of Charity Kaspari, MSW, CAPSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Charity Kaspari
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CAPSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812
My approach is straightforward yet empathetic, creating a space free from judgment. I specialize in addressing issues like depression, anxiety, communication issues, trauma, grief, life transitions, and managing conflict and stress. I see my clients as the experts of their own lives and consider my role as that of a supportive guide. My goal is to support you as you heal from past wounds, define your future goals, and navigate daily stressors.
My approach is straightforward yet empathetic, creating a space free from judgment. I specialize in addressing issues like depression, anxiety, communication issues, trauma, grief, life transitions, and managing conflict and stress. I see my clients as the experts of their own lives and consider my role as that of a supportive guide. My goal is to support you as you heal from past wounds, define your future goals, and navigate daily stressors.
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Photo of Grace Pegel, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Grace Pegel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, I believe in meeting people where they are at and that you, the individual, are the expert on your life. I tailor my practice to what your individual goals and needs are by considering all parts of who you are, including your strengths, and not only the struggles you face. Throughout my work, I hope to foster a space in which we can communicate openly about what is working and what may not. I look forward to collaborating together and getting to know you better, as this journey will be a team effort between the two of us.
As a therapist, I believe in meeting people where they are at and that you, the individual, are the expert on your life. I tailor my practice to what your individual goals and needs are by considering all parts of who you are, including your strengths, and not only the struggles you face. Throughout my work, I hope to foster a space in which we can communicate openly about what is working and what may not. I look forward to collaborating together and getting to know you better, as this journey will be a team effort between the two of us.
(218) 228-0005 View (218) 228-0005
Photo of Taylor McClung, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Taylor McClung
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812
Hi! I'm Taylor. My approach to therapy is compassionate, motivational, and strength-based. I am here to be your cheerleader while also holding you accountable. I have experience working with individuals who experience depression, anxiety, trauma, and obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms. Additionally, I love working with people who are getting ready to start their journey to parenthood, from the beginning stage, to postpartum. During our time together, I strive to create an environment where you feel supported and can be your authentic self. My goal for each session is to empower you and work with you to create positive change.
Hi! I'm Taylor. My approach to therapy is compassionate, motivational, and strength-based. I am here to be your cheerleader while also holding you accountable. I have experience working with individuals who experience depression, anxiety, trauma, and obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms. Additionally, I love working with people who are getting ready to start their journey to parenthood, from the beginning stage, to postpartum. During our time together, I strive to create an environment where you feel supported and can be your authentic self. My goal for each session is to empower you and work with you to create positive change.
(715) 200-9615 View (715) 200-9615
Photo of Nicole Dorothy Watson, LGSW, MSW, CMT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Dorothy Watson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW, MSW, CMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Duluth, MN 55812
Nicole is a firm believer that trauma and addiction go hand and hand. "It too effects our bodies. A lot of times clients are unaware of that early in their recovery, and they have been using substances to cope for years. I am driven to teach my clients about the mind body connection by the teaching and exploring of somatics, negative thoughts, unconventional coping skills, i.e., such as breathworks, and by exploring safety and its meaning within themselves. Seeing other people's light shine again and finding themselves is the fuel to why I do this healing work."
Nicole is a firm believer that trauma and addiction go hand and hand. "It too effects our bodies. A lot of times clients are unaware of that early in their recovery, and they have been using substances to cope for years. I am driven to teach my clients about the mind body connection by the teaching and exploring of somatics, negative thoughts, unconventional coping skills, i.e., such as breathworks, and by exploring safety and its meaning within themselves. Seeing other people's light shine again and finding themselves is the fuel to why I do this healing work."
(218) 506-6992 View (218) 506-6992
Photo of Dylan Lyons, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dylan Lyons
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55812
Immediate openings available! I specialize in working with adults who seek to understand, process, and heal from childhood trauma. Trauma experienced in childhood can have lasting effects on self-perception, relationships, and feelings of safety. As children, we absorb messages without the ability to discern their truth, leading to harmful beliefs about ourselves, such as feeling worthless, like something is wrong with you, or feeling guilty and deserving of mistreatment. These messages can profoundly impact our adult lives, often affecting how we relate to ourselves, our family members, our jobs, and others in our lives.
Immediate openings available! I specialize in working with adults who seek to understand, process, and heal from childhood trauma. Trauma experienced in childhood can have lasting effects on self-perception, relationships, and feelings of safety. As children, we absorb messages without the ability to discern their truth, leading to harmful beliefs about ourselves, such as feeling worthless, like something is wrong with you, or feeling guilty and deserving of mistreatment. These messages can profoundly impact our adult lives, often affecting how we relate to ourselves, our family members, our jobs, and others in our lives.
(651) 504-6978 View (651) 504-6978
Photo of Santi Church, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Santi Church
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Duluth, MN 55812
Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, struggling with critical self-talk, and find it challenging to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? Do you find yourself often feeling drained and pulled in many directions? Or experiencing difficulty moving forward in the ways you want to? If so, you're not alone, and I'm here to help. Together, we will work collaboratively to explore the root causes of your challenges, develop effective coping strategies, and cultivate a deeper sense of self-worth and self-compassion.
Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, struggling with critical self-talk, and find it challenging to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? Do you find yourself often feeling drained and pulled in many directions? Or experiencing difficulty moving forward in the ways you want to? If so, you're not alone, and I'm here to help. Together, we will work collaboratively to explore the root causes of your challenges, develop effective coping strategies, and cultivate a deeper sense of self-worth and self-compassion.
(763) 265-7343 View (763) 265-7343

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Rachel Kremer, MSW, LICSW, RYT200, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Kremer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, RYT200
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55805
Whatever experiences life has brought our way, we continue towards wholeness and healing. Our inner drive is towards wholeness. Within a trusting therapeutic relationship we can nurture the part of us that allows us to heal, make better decisions and achieve the goals we desire. I really believe in the power that we all have to heal, make sense of our lives, and move towards the kind of life we would like.
Whatever experiences life has brought our way, we continue towards wholeness and healing. Our inner drive is towards wholeness. Within a trusting therapeutic relationship we can nurture the part of us that allows us to heal, make better decisions and achieve the goals we desire. I really believe in the power that we all have to heal, make sense of our lives, and move towards the kind of life we would like.
(612) 445-2537 View (612) 445-2537
Lisa Fedora
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55802
I went into counseling with the relatively young mindset of a simple desire to help people. This started in third grade, when I was curious about what motivated people's behaviors and emotions. I am now a clinician with over 20 years experience in the world of mental health, trying to help people simply feel better as all of us journey through life. I sincerely enjoy connecting and working with people in order to find solutions to issues, relationships, or situations that are life-interfering.
I went into counseling with the relatively young mindset of a simple desire to help people. This started in third grade, when I was curious about what motivated people's behaviors and emotions. I am now a clinician with over 20 years experience in the world of mental health, trying to help people simply feel better as all of us journey through life. I sincerely enjoy connecting and working with people in order to find solutions to issues, relationships, or situations that are life-interfering.
(218) 228-6328 View (218) 228-6328
Essentia Health SMMC Grief Support Services
MA, LP
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55805
Since 1985, St Mary's Grief Support Services has provided a safe place for grieving youth and adults of all ages to heal. Because each individual's response to loss is unique, we offer an umbrella of resources to choose from. Seeking support can make the difference between grieving in isolation and thriving. Our mission is to facilitate healthy grieving and offer specialized therapy and support for those impacted by serious illness, caregiving, or the death of a family member, friend, or pet. Free grief literature is also available on our website.
Since 1985, St Mary's Grief Support Services has provided a safe place for grieving youth and adults of all ages to heal. Because each individual's response to loss is unique, we offer an umbrella of resources to choose from. Seeking support can make the difference between grieving in isolation and thriving. Our mission is to facilitate healthy grieving and offer specialized therapy and support for those impacted by serious illness, caregiving, or the death of a family member, friend, or pet. Free grief literature is also available on our website.
(218) 585-3177 View (218) 585-3177
Photo of Chelsey Morgan, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Chelsey Morgan
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Duluth, MN 55802
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with your mood, anxiety, or your relationships? Do you consider yourself to be a perfectionist or want to improve your self-esteem? Have you engaged in therapy and felt stuck or unsure of what was preventing you from reaching your goals? I approach therapy as directive and integrative, viewing your past as contributing to your current experiences, while addressing the current impact this is having within your life. I also provide psychological testing which offers a closer look at your struggles, relational challenges, diagnostic clarification, and personalized treatment recommendations.
Are you struggling with your mood, anxiety, or your relationships? Do you consider yourself to be a perfectionist or want to improve your self-esteem? Have you engaged in therapy and felt stuck or unsure of what was preventing you from reaching your goals? I approach therapy as directive and integrative, viewing your past as contributing to your current experiences, while addressing the current impact this is having within your life. I also provide psychological testing which offers a closer look at your struggles, relational challenges, diagnostic clarification, and personalized treatment recommendations.
(218) 423-2876 View (218) 423-2876
Photo of Nomi Ostrander, PhD, MPH, LCSW, LICSW, CST, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nomi Ostrander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MPH, LCSW, LICSW, CST
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55805  (Online Only)
My assumption about most people who seek out a therapist is they are stuck in a situation and have already tried everything they can think of to get unstuck. My approach is pragmatic, non-judgmental, and client-centered. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and polycules to develop new skills that will empower them to move towards the lives they want to live. I am a total nerd about therapy and love the creativity of tailoring therapeutic approaches to clients.
My assumption about most people who seek out a therapist is they are stuck in a situation and have already tried everything they can think of to get unstuck. My approach is pragmatic, non-judgmental, and client-centered. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and polycules to develop new skills that will empower them to move towards the lives they want to live. I am a total nerd about therapy and love the creativity of tailoring therapeutic approaches to clients.
(773) 570-9525 View (773) 570-9525
Photo of Daniel P Johnson, MA, LPCC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Daniel P Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55814  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life demands tremendous effort and intention to navigate; but balanced mental health does not have to be a mystery. Perhaps you don't know what direction your life is headed or are stuck in unhealthy relationship patterns. You may suffer depression, anxiety, worry, have struggles with relationships, and feel burdened by life. However, your life can be changed in a profound way to help you achieve balance. OR you Got it all figured out but feel an urgent need to deepen your understanding of yourself?
Life demands tremendous effort and intention to navigate; but balanced mental health does not have to be a mystery. Perhaps you don't know what direction your life is headed or are stuck in unhealthy relationship patterns. You may suffer depression, anxiety, worry, have struggles with relationships, and feel burdened by life. However, your life can be changed in a profound way to help you achieve balance. OR you Got it all figured out but feel an urgent need to deepen your understanding of yourself?
(612) 421-0197 View (612) 421-0197
Photo of Colleen Port, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Colleen Port
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55802
I am deeply committed to supporting individuals and families on their journey toward healing and self-discovery. Therapy is a way to identify positive and negative patterns in your life, discover your strengths, learn new coping skills, and feel empowered to overcome hardships. Setting goals is important for achieving new milestones, helping identify what is important in your life, and creating an overall sense of direction for your future. I strive to provide a warm, safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment for self-discovery to reach your goals.
I am deeply committed to supporting individuals and families on their journey toward healing and self-discovery. Therapy is a way to identify positive and negative patterns in your life, discover your strengths, learn new coping skills, and feel empowered to overcome hardships. Setting goals is important for achieving new milestones, helping identify what is important in your life, and creating an overall sense of direction for your future. I strive to provide a warm, safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment for self-discovery to reach your goals.
(218) 357-3835 View (218) 357-3835
Photo of Zachary Joseph Campbell, LPCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Zachary Joseph Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55802
We are living in very challenging times of instability and change. I assist with the enhancement of coping mechanisms through the art of therapy. We will identify the stressors related to the trauma of life experiences that have created discord with your spirit/soul. We will work together to help promote healthy living with your Self, family, and community, while addressing psychosexuality issues. Our goal is to thrive with new and curious ways of living. Virtual and in-person therapeutic sessions options available for both Minnesota and Wisconsin residents. Most insurances accepted.
We are living in very challenging times of instability and change. I assist with the enhancement of coping mechanisms through the art of therapy. We will identify the stressors related to the trauma of life experiences that have created discord with your spirit/soul. We will work together to help promote healthy living with your Self, family, and community, while addressing psychosexuality issues. Our goal is to thrive with new and curious ways of living. Virtual and in-person therapeutic sessions options available for both Minnesota and Wisconsin residents. Most insurances accepted.
(218) 300-2547 View (218) 300-2547
Photo of Ande Nelson, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ande Nelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Duluth, MN 55802
My ideal client might be afraid to begin with. They may think I will tell them they are crazy, or look at them in shock for what they tell me. When I reassure them their trauma has taken a toll, but they are not crazy, and I can help them, they will relax. They will learn to trust me and open up. By opening up about their lives and what they have been through and working through their trauma, they will come out on the other side realizing they no longer need to experience the pain, and can experience the joy they always strived for.
My ideal client might be afraid to begin with. They may think I will tell them they are crazy, or look at them in shock for what they tell me. When I reassure them their trauma has taken a toll, but they are not crazy, and I can help them, they will relax. They will learn to trust me and open up. By opening up about their lives and what they have been through and working through their trauma, they will come out on the other side realizing they no longer need to experience the pain, and can experience the joy they always strived for.
(218) 321-6133 View (218) 321-6133

See more therapy options for 55812

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 55812

10+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in 55812 who prioritize treating:

91% Depression
91% Anxiety
82% Relationship Issues
82% Trauma and PTSD
82% Coping Skills
82% Self Esteem
73% Grief

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Medica
70% PreferredOne

How Therapists in 55812 see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

64% Female
36% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 55812?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.