Photo of Jennifer Shields, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Shields
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Rochester, MI 48307  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
In the whirlwind of life's demands, the fast-paced nature can be overwhelming, necessitating us to navigate our busy routines, sometimes at the expense of our emotional well-being and reflection on personal priorities. This can result in a sense of entrapment and uncertainty about how to enhance our circumstances. I provide supportive guidance to foster genuine self-awareness, empowering individuals to discern their needs and navigate life with a mindful and self-energized approach.
In the whirlwind of life's demands, the fast-paced nature can be overwhelming, necessitating us to navigate our busy routines, sometimes at the expense of our emotional well-being and reflection on personal priorities. This can result in a sense of entrapment and uncertainty about how to enhance our circumstances. I provide supportive guidance to foster genuine self-awareness, empowering individuals to discern their needs and navigate life with a mindful and self-energized approach.
(248) 331-8675 View (248) 331-8675
Photo of Courtney Zullo, MA, LPC, Counselor
Courtney Zullo
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, MI 48307
If you are having difficulties feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, stuck or are looking to make some changes in yourself, I offer a place where you won’t get interrupted, where a genuine, caring person will give you the space to hear yourself tell your unique story and to empathize with you. Whatever unwanted thoughts, feelings, or behaviors you may be experiencing, I am here to help. Working together, you have the opportunity to process difficult emotions, life's uncertainties, and heal inner wounds without having to be alone.
If you are having difficulties feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, stuck or are looking to make some changes in yourself, I offer a place where you won’t get interrupted, where a genuine, caring person will give you the space to hear yourself tell your unique story and to empathize with you. Whatever unwanted thoughts, feelings, or behaviors you may be experiencing, I am here to help. Working together, you have the opportunity to process difficult emotions, life's uncertainties, and heal inner wounds without having to be alone.
(586) 785-5082 View (586) 785-5082
Photo of Karol K Teetor, MA, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Karol K Teetor
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
I am a trauma and attachment trained therapist. My focus is families dealing with early childhood attachment and trauma due to foster care, international adoptions, or other significant traumatic childhood experiences. I also see adults that have suffered trauma and attachment during childhood.
I am a trauma and attachment trained therapist. My focus is families dealing with early childhood attachment and trauma due to foster care, international adoptions, or other significant traumatic childhood experiences. I also see adults that have suffered trauma and attachment during childhood.
(248) 782-5599 View (248) 782-5599
Photo of Jessica Jenkins, PhD, Psychologist
Jessica Jenkins
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
As an experienced, licensed psychologist, my role is to help people during difficult times in their lives. You might be experiencing conflict, anger, despair, sadness or simply feeling overwhelmed with daily responsibilities. I can help you to learn new, more efficient ways for managing time, stressors, relationships and emotions. My approach is supportive, with a focus on blending relief with an understanding of past and present factors impacting you and your decision-making.
As an experienced, licensed psychologist, my role is to help people during difficult times in their lives. You might be experiencing conflict, anger, despair, sadness or simply feeling overwhelmed with daily responsibilities. I can help you to learn new, more efficient ways for managing time, stressors, relationships and emotions. My approach is supportive, with a focus on blending relief with an understanding of past and present factors impacting you and your decision-making.
(248) 455-6612 View (248) 455-6612
Photo of Tobi Russell - Rochester Area Counseling Services, PhD, LPC, CAADC, CCS-M, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rochester Area Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CAADC, CCS-M, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Making the decision to schedule an appointment with a counselor takes a great deal of courage. Our therapists recognize that and work hard to make sure that you feel comfortable from the moment you walk in the door. Understanding that individuals have different schedules in their lives, we provide a variety of options in the morning, afternoon, evening, or weekends depending on your needs. Give yourself the gift of self-care and give us a call.
Making the decision to schedule an appointment with a counselor takes a great deal of courage. Our therapists recognize that and work hard to make sure that you feel comfortable from the moment you walk in the door. Understanding that individuals have different schedules in their lives, we provide a variety of options in the morning, afternoon, evening, or weekends depending on your needs. Give yourself the gift of self-care and give us a call.
(248) 826-2637 View (248) 826-2637
Photo of Heidi M Doran, MA LLP, LMFT, EMDR-T, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heidi M Doran
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LLP, LMFT, EMDR-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, MI 48307
My Counseling approach is Person-Centered, focusing on building a therapeutic relationship by being warm, genuine, and understanding. I also adhere to many aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - challenging and changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors, improving emotional regulation, and seeking development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy as a treatment for Post Traumatic Stress.
My Counseling approach is Person-Centered, focusing on building a therapeutic relationship by being warm, genuine, and understanding. I also adhere to many aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - challenging and changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors, improving emotional regulation, and seeking development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy as a treatment for Post Traumatic Stress.
(586) 551-7559 View (586) 551-7559
Photo of Lindzy Sienkowski, LPC, NCC, CCTP, Counselor
Lindzy Sienkowski
Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Hello! My name is Lindzy Sienkowski, and I am a fully Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Michigan. I hold a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. I am also recognized as a National Certified Counselor and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I currently work with adolescents (ages 13 & up) & adults and offer individual therapy services both in-person & via telehealth. My clinical experience lends expertise in the areas of eating disorders, trauma, anxiety and depression.
Hello! My name is Lindzy Sienkowski, and I am a fully Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Michigan. I hold a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. I am also recognized as a National Certified Counselor and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I currently work with adolescents (ages 13 & up) & adults and offer individual therapy services both in-person & via telehealth. My clinical experience lends expertise in the areas of eating disorders, trauma, anxiety and depression.
(947) 333-8442 View (947) 333-8442
Photo of R​o​b​e​r​t G​l​e​n​n K​e​n​d​e​r - A Compass Within Personal Consulting PLLC, PhD, LP, MS, Psychologist
A Compass Within Personal Consulting PLLC
Psychologist, PhD, LP, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rochester, MI 48307
At A Compass Within Personal Consulting, we believe individuals have the ability to attain self-fulfillment and the right to the highest quality of care. We provide a warm, professional atmosphere where rigorous measures are taken to maintain our clients' the privacy. Our clinicians are trained in numerous modalities and evidence-based practices that have been shown to be effective in treating a variety of presenting concerns. If you are looking for a safe, nonjudgmental atmosphere to discuss life's challenges, or you require enhanced discretion because of your unique circumstances, ACW will always strive to accommodate your needs.
At A Compass Within Personal Consulting, we believe individuals have the ability to attain self-fulfillment and the right to the highest quality of care. We provide a warm, professional atmosphere where rigorous measures are taken to maintain our clients' the privacy. Our clinicians are trained in numerous modalities and evidence-based practices that have been shown to be effective in treating a variety of presenting concerns. If you are looking for a safe, nonjudgmental atmosphere to discuss life's challenges, or you require enhanced discretion because of your unique circumstances, ACW will always strive to accommodate your needs.
(248) 567-6921 View (248) 567-6921
Photo of Marie Bernadette-Sciuto Demres - Tapestry of Love, LLC, ANWCB, ICBSP, RYT200, MA, BA
Tapestry of Love, LLC
ANWCB, ICBSP, RYT200, MA, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
People come to me because they feel trapped, depressed, anxious or angry, or stuck in a rut. There is a huge gap between expectations and reality together with a breakdown in their mind, body, emotions, and spirit. They feel unregulated, unbalanced, unable to sleep, exhausted, in pain, in fight or flight mode most of the time and sometimes, have suicidal tendencies. They are crying or screaming in one way or the other. They want relief, things to go back to where they were, change, peace of mind and time to heal. Most importantly, they want love and compassion.
People come to me because they feel trapped, depressed, anxious or angry, or stuck in a rut. There is a huge gap between expectations and reality together with a breakdown in their mind, body, emotions, and spirit. They feel unregulated, unbalanced, unable to sleep, exhausted, in pain, in fight or flight mode most of the time and sometimes, have suicidal tendencies. They are crying or screaming in one way or the other. They want relief, things to go back to where they were, change, peace of mind and time to heal. Most importantly, they want love and compassion.
(248) 985-8946 View (248) 985-8946
Photo of Debra Marie Migliazzo, MSW, LMSW, RYT 200, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Debra Marie Migliazzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, RYT 200
Verified Verified
Rochester, MI 48307
Sometimes we just need a little help figuring out life's challenges-----help sorting out how to make some of "those" big decisions...or how to pick up the pieces after a fallout, breakup or death of a loved one. Maybe drugs and alcohol have taken over you and the lifestyle you once knew; recovery may be a frightening thing to explore. Sometimes we are caught up in someone else's mess; a loved one with a substance abuse, alcohol or gambling problem. Finances may be causing conflict with others and within ourselves.Sometimes we need help because someone /something may be needing more
Sometimes we just need a little help figuring out life's challenges-----help sorting out how to make some of "those" big decisions...or how to pick up the pieces after a fallout, breakup or death of a loved one. Maybe drugs and alcohol have taken over you and the lifestyle you once knew; recovery may be a frightening thing to explore. Sometimes we are caught up in someone else's mess; a loved one with a substance abuse, alcohol or gambling problem. Finances may be causing conflict with others and within ourselves.Sometimes we need help because someone /something may be needing more
(586) 776-8885 View (586) 776-8885
Photo of Joelle Kekhoua - Mental Fitness CREW, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mental Fitness CREW
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
The Mental Fitness CREW: Center for Resilience, Empowerment, and Wellness, provides an integration of evidence-based treatment modalities (such as CBT, ERP, EMDR & DBT), along with collaboration with physicians and community resources to holistically support all clients with mental, physical & environmental challenges, so they can increase internal Resilience, expand external Empowerment and achieve overall Wellness.
The Mental Fitness CREW: Center for Resilience, Empowerment, and Wellness, provides an integration of evidence-based treatment modalities (such as CBT, ERP, EMDR & DBT), along with collaboration with physicians and community resources to holistically support all clients with mental, physical & environmental challenges, so they can increase internal Resilience, expand external Empowerment and achieve overall Wellness.
(248) 975-7153 View (248) 975-7153
Photo of Lori Kola, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Lori Kola
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Rochester Hills, MI 48307  (Online Only)
My goal as a psychotherapist is to help clients reach their full potential by developing a healthy sense of self. A non-judgmental and empathetic atmosphere is crucial to developing a positive therapeutic relationship. I work with adolescents and adults of various backgrounds who struggle with the hardships of daily living including, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, ADHD, self-harm/suicidal ideation, trauma, life transitions, as well as the struggles of the LGBTQ community and those of multicultural backgrounds.
My goal as a psychotherapist is to help clients reach their full potential by developing a healthy sense of self. A non-judgmental and empathetic atmosphere is crucial to developing a positive therapeutic relationship. I work with adolescents and adults of various backgrounds who struggle with the hardships of daily living including, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, ADHD, self-harm/suicidal ideation, trauma, life transitions, as well as the struggles of the LGBTQ community and those of multicultural backgrounds.
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Photo of Brian Cooper, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brian Cooper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rochester, MI 48307
When your relationship is hurting you hurt. When you are hurting it affects your relationship. You and your partner argue – you feel every conversation turns into a fight and that you’ve lost the ability to communicate with each other. You’re not sure where things went wrong but you and your partner aren’t like you used to be. You don’t feel connected. You’re missing the passion, the affection, the intimacy and the love. You’ve grown apart. You’re in a relationship yet you feel in some ways that you’re alone. You keep asking yourself – How did we get here? How did this happen? Your relationship is in trouble and you need help now!
When your relationship is hurting you hurt. When you are hurting it affects your relationship. You and your partner argue – you feel every conversation turns into a fight and that you’ve lost the ability to communicate with each other. You’re not sure where things went wrong but you and your partner aren’t like you used to be. You don’t feel connected. You’re missing the passion, the affection, the intimacy and the love. You’ve grown apart. You’re in a relationship yet you feel in some ways that you’re alone. You keep asking yourself – How did we get here? How did this happen? Your relationship is in trouble and you need help now!
(248) 422-0244 View (248) 422-0244
Photo of Kristen Nicole Husted, PhD, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Nicole Husted
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW
Verified Verified
Dr. Husted has been working in the mental health field since 1995. She specializes in Traumatic Brain Injury, Neuropsychological Evaluations, Psychological Testing, substance abuse, PTSD and mental health disorders. She received her doctoral degree in 2008 in clinical psychology. She has hospital privileges at St. Joseph Mercy Oakland and private practice services at Oakland Psychiatric Association located in Pontiac, MI.
Dr. Husted has been working in the mental health field since 1995. She specializes in Traumatic Brain Injury, Neuropsychological Evaluations, Psychological Testing, substance abuse, PTSD and mental health disorders. She received her doctoral degree in 2008 in clinical psychology. She has hospital privileges at St. Joseph Mercy Oakland and private practice services at Oakland Psychiatric Association located in Pontiac, MI.
(248) 955-3194 View (248) 955-3194
Photo of Selina Abraham - Abraham Counseling, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Abraham Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Rochester, MI 48307  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Selina Abraham. I am a licensed professional counselor(LPC) as well as a nationally certified counselor(NCC). I have worked in the counseling field for over 20 years with adolescents as a school counselor and with adults. My focus is depression, anxiety, and grief. My belief is that everyone can achieve peace and contentment with their life. I am calm, warm, and compassionate and find that clients enjoy speaking with me. I believe that your desires and goals for your life are possible by taking one step at a time to achieve them. I want to help you do that.
Hi, my name is Selina Abraham. I am a licensed professional counselor(LPC) as well as a nationally certified counselor(NCC). I have worked in the counseling field for over 20 years with adolescents as a school counselor and with adults. My focus is depression, anxiety, and grief. My belief is that everyone can achieve peace and contentment with their life. I am calm, warm, and compassionate and find that clients enjoy speaking with me. I believe that your desires and goals for your life are possible by taking one step at a time to achieve them. I want to help you do that.
(248) 939-5323 View (248) 939-5323
Photo of Lisa A. Barber, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa A. Barber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
"The struggle you're in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow." I'm passionate about working with adults and couples who are seeking to overcome life challenges and live a fulfilling life. I strive to create a supportive, safe, and non-judgmental environment that encourages insight and self-awareness and enhances the self-discovery process. I will empower you to make positive changes in your life that increase personal connections and help you to feel hopeful about the future.
"The struggle you're in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow." I'm passionate about working with adults and couples who are seeking to overcome life challenges and live a fulfilling life. I strive to create a supportive, safe, and non-judgmental environment that encourages insight and self-awareness and enhances the self-discovery process. I will empower you to make positive changes in your life that increase personal connections and help you to feel hopeful about the future.
(248) 595-7730 View (248) 595-7730
Photo of Sofia Kazulkina, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Sofia Kazulkina
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rochester Hills, MI 48307  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping you to become and embrace your best self. Whether this means recovering from depression, anxiety, trauma, shame, perfectionism, people pleasing, body issues, or relationship problems - or just wanting to be happier, calmer, and more resilient, I am here to listen. It is my belief that simple-to-learn tools including mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion are the building blocks of good mental health and fulfilling relationships. I'm trained in healing trauma by reconnecting the mind with the body through the use of mindful movement.
I am passionate about helping you to become and embrace your best self. Whether this means recovering from depression, anxiety, trauma, shame, perfectionism, people pleasing, body issues, or relationship problems - or just wanting to be happier, calmer, and more resilient, I am here to listen. It is my belief that simple-to-learn tools including mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion are the building blocks of good mental health and fulfilling relationships. I'm trained in healing trauma by reconnecting the mind with the body through the use of mindful movement.
(248) 422-0316 View (248) 422-0316
Photo of Nancy M Harshfield, LMSW-C, CMHIMP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nancy M Harshfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C, CMHIMP
Verified Verified
Rochester, MI 48307
In todays climate it is not uncommon to have anxiety, depression, or even find yourself turning to substances that maybe you have not in the past. I recognize that not only adults, but our children are having to face mental health issues, that before may not have been on their radar. I recognize these mental health issues are on the rise and you just may need someone to talk to or process your world around you with all these stressors. I have worked in hospice for a decade, helping patients and families navigate the end of life process, as well as work with trauma patients from military experience and auto accidents.
In todays climate it is not uncommon to have anxiety, depression, or even find yourself turning to substances that maybe you have not in the past. I recognize that not only adults, but our children are having to face mental health issues, that before may not have been on their radar. I recognize these mental health issues are on the rise and you just may need someone to talk to or process your world around you with all these stressors. I have worked in hospice for a decade, helping patients and families navigate the end of life process, as well as work with trauma patients from military experience and auto accidents.
(248) 218-9750 View (248) 218-9750
Photo of DeWan McPherson - Counseling For All, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Counseling For All
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, MI 48307
Counseling should be comfortable, with someone you can relate to. There will be times when things are discussed that are not easy. But people should have trust in their therapist without feeling judged
Counseling should be comfortable, with someone you can relate to. There will be times when things are discussed that are not easy. But people should have trust in their therapist without feeling judged
(248) 780-1120 View (248) 780-1120
Photo of Diane Johnston, MPA, MA, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Diane Johnston
Counselor, MPA, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Rochester, MI 48307
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to meet you where you are currently in the process of change and healing. I provide safe assistance for women with anxiety, relationship issues, life transitions, & depression. My specialization is working with women building self esteem, healthy relationships, coping skills, & while managing health issues, life stress, hopelessness, and trauma. I will provide you with a trusting & honest therapeutic environment and motivate you to create positive life changes through a holistic and therapeutic approach. Member MI TriCounty Trauma Recovery Network (TRN), Oakland County Suicide Task Force, and EMDR certified by EMDRIA.
My goal is to meet you where you are currently in the process of change and healing. I provide safe assistance for women with anxiety, relationship issues, life transitions, & depression. My specialization is working with women building self esteem, healthy relationships, coping skills, & while managing health issues, life stress, hopelessness, and trauma. I will provide you with a trusting & honest therapeutic environment and motivate you to create positive life changes through a holistic and therapeutic approach. Member MI TriCounty Trauma Recovery Network (TRN), Oakland County Suicide Task Force, and EMDR certified by EMDRIA.
(947) 800-5780 View (947) 800-5780

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 48307

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 48307 who prioritize treating:

92% Depression
92% Anxiety
83% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
69% Grief
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% Blue Care Network
60% Aetna

How Therapists in 48307 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 48307?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.