Photo of Abigail Withrow, SWT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abigail Withrow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SWT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hi my name is Abby, and I believe that your mental health matters. We are living in stressful times. It can be extremely difficult dealing with the challenges of daily life. Therapy can be a wonderful place to sort out these difficulties and develop healthy coping skills. I believe everybody has the power to transform their lives for the better. There is hope out there. Together, we can find ways to overcome the struggles. We can focus on creating more productive and fulfilling lives.
Hi my name is Abby, and I believe that your mental health matters. We are living in stressful times. It can be extremely difficult dealing with the challenges of daily life. Therapy can be a wonderful place to sort out these difficulties and develop healthy coping skills. I believe everybody has the power to transform their lives for the better. There is hope out there. Together, we can find ways to overcome the struggles. We can focus on creating more productive and fulfilling lives.
(216) 616-1696 View (216) 616-1696
Photo of Ann Marie Caridi, MA, LPCS, CRS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ann Marie Caridi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCS, CRS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pepper Pike, OH 44124  (Online Only)
My practice philosophy is client-focused. You will find your experience to be a comfortable interaction where good rapport and trust feels natural. You will be encouraged to openly and candidly express what's on your mind and how you feel. This experience will ultimately bring the guidance to execute goals and meet your needs as they surface. Specifically, this experience will build insight and awareness which will empower you to successfully move ahead as a happier, healthier, stronger, more peaceful you. If you're seeking a seasoned, caring therapist, feel free to reach out.
My practice philosophy is client-focused. You will find your experience to be a comfortable interaction where good rapport and trust feels natural. You will be encouraged to openly and candidly express what's on your mind and how you feel. This experience will ultimately bring the guidance to execute goals and meet your needs as they surface. Specifically, this experience will build insight and awareness which will empower you to successfully move ahead as a happier, healthier, stronger, more peaceful you. If you're seeking a seasoned, caring therapist, feel free to reach out.
(216) 452-6223 View (216) 452-6223
Photo of Matthew Escano, MA , LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Matthew Escano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPCC
Verified Verified
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
I specialize in anxiety, depression, ADHD, various forms of addiction, autism, & more. Are your goals oriented towards reducing maladaptive symptoms, identifying the behaviors you wish to engage in, being the person you want to be, and, ultimately, the life you aspire to live? Do you desire change and growth & are willing to put the necessary effort in? As your counselor, I do not effect change; that responsibility belongs to you. I aim to empower you to recognize your innate strengths, develop them further, and effectively use them towards your goals in life.
I specialize in anxiety, depression, ADHD, various forms of addiction, autism, & more. Are your goals oriented towards reducing maladaptive symptoms, identifying the behaviors you wish to engage in, being the person you want to be, and, ultimately, the life you aspire to live? Do you desire change and growth & are willing to put the necessary effort in? As your counselor, I do not effect change; that responsibility belongs to you. I aim to empower you to recognize your innate strengths, develop them further, and effectively use them towards your goals in life.
(216) 616-8505 View (216) 616-8505
Photo of Abigail P Grant - Abigail P. Grant, MSW, LISW-S, MSW, LISW-S, CSWG, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abigail P. Grant, MSW, LISW-S
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, CSWG, ACSW
Verified Verified
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
I see an adult population and have extensive experience with geriatric and chronically ill individuals and their family members experiencing depression, anxiety and stress. Life transitions, multiple losses or unexpected changes in ones life can cause stress, depression and doubt as to how to move forward. Talking about this in an open and objective environment can help resolve trauma, heal emotional wounds and enable the individual or couple move forward in a positive manner. Let me know if I can help.
I see an adult population and have extensive experience with geriatric and chronically ill individuals and their family members experiencing depression, anxiety and stress. Life transitions, multiple losses or unexpected changes in ones life can cause stress, depression and doubt as to how to move forward. Talking about this in an open and objective environment can help resolve trauma, heal emotional wounds and enable the individual or couple move forward in a positive manner. Let me know if I can help.
(440) 482-8784 View (440) 482-8784
Photo of Isaac Sommer, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Isaac Sommer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
Isaac Sommer LISW, is a Certified TF-CBT Therapist, as well as a Certified EMDR Therapist, and has significant experience with treating symptoms related to trauma and abuse (PTSD), through assisting clients in the development of adaptive coping skills and processing negative experiences.
Isaac Sommer LISW, is a Certified TF-CBT Therapist, as well as a Certified EMDR Therapist, and has significant experience with treating symptoms related to trauma and abuse (PTSD), through assisting clients in the development of adaptive coping skills and processing negative experiences.
(216) 677-8843 View (216) 677-8843
Photo of Luisa Aviv - Luisa M. Aviv, LISW, Inc., LISW, MSSA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Luisa M. Aviv, LISW, Inc.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, MSSA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44124
Hello, and welcome! You have taken the first step on your emotional journey to wellness by seeking a caring professional to partner with you. It takes tremendous courage and strength to begin therapy and I am very happy that you are beginning your journey toward healing and growth. You will be able to explore your emotions and work toward your goals in a safe and supportive space. Progress takes time as you work at your own pace. You do not need to do this work alone. My priority is to help each person leave their session with feelings of hope and the tools you need to work toward your goals. I look forward to meeting you soon.
Hello, and welcome! You have taken the first step on your emotional journey to wellness by seeking a caring professional to partner with you. It takes tremendous courage and strength to begin therapy and I am very happy that you are beginning your journey toward healing and growth. You will be able to explore your emotions and work toward your goals in a safe and supportive space. Progress takes time as you work at your own pace. You do not need to do this work alone. My priority is to help each person leave their session with feelings of hope and the tools you need to work toward your goals. I look forward to meeting you soon.
(216) 304-6975 View (216) 304-6975
Photo of Melissa Watts - Sunflower Therapy Services , LPCC, LPC
Sunflower Therapy Services
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mayfield Heights, OH 44124  (Online Only)
Life can be unpredictable, chaotic, and scary at times. Other times it feels like time is moving fast and you have so many things to do that it feels impossible. You are questioning yourself and your abilities to handle life. You are thinking the same things over and over, with no real resolution. You haven’t quite found your “people” and it’s been weighing you down lately. I enjoy working with young adults who are learning who they are and what they want to offer the world, but struggle with motivation and self-esteem to accomplish their goals. I am here to help and support you.
Life can be unpredictable, chaotic, and scary at times. Other times it feels like time is moving fast and you have so many things to do that it feels impossible. You are questioning yourself and your abilities to handle life. You are thinking the same things over and over, with no real resolution. You haven’t quite found your “people” and it’s been weighing you down lately. I enjoy working with young adults who are learning who they are and what they want to offer the world, but struggle with motivation and self-esteem to accomplish their goals. I am here to help and support you.
(440) 497-4014 View (440) 497-4014
Photo of Jennifer Jones - JJ Assessments and Clinical Services, LMHC, Counselor
JJ Assessments and Clinical Services
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mayfield Heights, OH 44124  (Online Only)
At JJ Assessments and Clinical Services we understand that navigating through life events, whether seeking FMLA assistance or preparing for upcoming Bariatric surgeries, can become overwhelming. Our objective & main focus is to help our clients reach their goals by providing a simple and easy process to complete their needed clinical evaluations. In addition, our diverse selection of CE courses are designed to enhance clinical education by addressing the most up today topics and findings. Servicing the states of Florida, Ohio, Illinois and Washington. Licensure Supervision available. Servicios en Español disponibles!
At JJ Assessments and Clinical Services we understand that navigating through life events, whether seeking FMLA assistance or preparing for upcoming Bariatric surgeries, can become overwhelming. Our objective & main focus is to help our clients reach their goals by providing a simple and easy process to complete their needed clinical evaluations. In addition, our diverse selection of CE courses are designed to enhance clinical education by addressing the most up today topics and findings. Servicing the states of Florida, Ohio, Illinois and Washington. Licensure Supervision available. Servicios en Español disponibles!
(440) 750-2111 View (440) 750-2111
Photo of Susan Kahan, MA, LPCC-S
Susan Kahan
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
Life can be a struggle and feel overwhelming sometimes. We all need to have a safe place to process our unique experiences and our feelings. I work with people who are suffering from the impacts of daily stressors, anxiety, loss, relationship conflicts, or work issues. I also help people who want to begin a journey of self-reflection and development, Together we will set your personal goals and find solutions to achieve your goals, aspirations and enhance your happiness. I work with clients to identify daily stressors as well as past experiences that can interfere in living their authentic self.
Life can be a struggle and feel overwhelming sometimes. We all need to have a safe place to process our unique experiences and our feelings. I work with people who are suffering from the impacts of daily stressors, anxiety, loss, relationship conflicts, or work issues. I also help people who want to begin a journey of self-reflection and development, Together we will set your personal goals and find solutions to achieve your goals, aspirations and enhance your happiness. I work with clients to identify daily stressors as well as past experiences that can interfere in living their authentic self.
(216) 868-7666 View (216) 868-7666
Photo of Jen Newton-Smith, LPCC
Jen Newton-Smith
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with adults and teenagers navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, identity exploration, life stress, self-esteem issues, body image difficulties, and more. I use a strengths-based, nervous system-informed approach and I encourage you to focus inward with compassion and to get curious about who you are and what feels right for you. Therapy is a collaborative relationship where you should feel seen and heard as your whole self. I value connection and authenticity. Though therapy can be an intense experience, our sessions will often include laughter and joy. I believe deeply in your ability to heal.
I specialize in working with adults and teenagers navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, identity exploration, life stress, self-esteem issues, body image difficulties, and more. I use a strengths-based, nervous system-informed approach and I encourage you to focus inward with compassion and to get curious about who you are and what feels right for you. Therapy is a collaborative relationship where you should feel seen and heard as your whole self. I value connection and authenticity. Though therapy can be an intense experience, our sessions will often include laughter and joy. I believe deeply in your ability to heal.
View
Photo of Andie Loiseau, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andie Loiseau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life stressors such as anxiety and depression. This client needs a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence. This client needs support, encouragement, and a non-judgmental approach to achieve their goals.
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life stressors such as anxiety and depression. This client needs a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence. This client needs support, encouragement, and a non-judgmental approach to achieve their goals.
(216) 910-5099 View (216) 910-5099
Photo of Tara Lemasters, MA, (L)PC, CMAT, CSAT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tara Lemasters
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, (L)PC, CMAT, CSAT-S
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
I guide clients to gain insight and soulutions to their issues; emotions, life/relationship challenges and stressors. My experience and training uniquely qualify me to help guide individuals, spouses/partners, and couples struggling with sexual compulsivity issues, sexuality issues, affairs, co-dependency, and trauma. Also, I have extensive experience assisting clients navigate through the process of healing from divorce/relationship break-up. My approach with clients is empathic, solution focused and validating.
I guide clients to gain insight and soulutions to their issues; emotions, life/relationship challenges and stressors. My experience and training uniquely qualify me to help guide individuals, spouses/partners, and couples struggling with sexual compulsivity issues, sexuality issues, affairs, co-dependency, and trauma. Also, I have extensive experience assisting clients navigate through the process of healing from divorce/relationship break-up. My approach with clients is empathic, solution focused and validating.
(216) 245-1722 View (216) 245-1722
Photo of Kelvette Beacham, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelvette Beacham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
This was a rough year. You are anxious, depressed, stressed, burned out, and just plain tired. Getting out of bed and going to work takes all your energy. Relationships are a mess or nonexistent. You feel stuck and it doesn’t seem like things can get any better. Every thought you have is negative and then you start thinking about the past and all that stuff. Next thing you know another year has gone by and things haven’t changed. You want to feel better. You want to make changes in your life. You want better relationships. You want to be the best version of yourself, but something is in the way.
This was a rough year. You are anxious, depressed, stressed, burned out, and just plain tired. Getting out of bed and going to work takes all your energy. Relationships are a mess or nonexistent. You feel stuck and it doesn’t seem like things can get any better. Every thought you have is negative and then you start thinking about the past and all that stuff. Next thing you know another year has gone by and things haven’t changed. You want to feel better. You want to make changes in your life. You want better relationships. You want to be the best version of yourself, but something is in the way.
(216) 242-4564 View (216) 242-4564
Photo of Ellie Copp, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ellie Copp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Lyndhurst, OH 44124  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi, my name is Ellie, and it is a pleasure to have you on my page and know you are seeking service! Every person is unique in their way, and everyone has a story to share. I aim to provide a safe environment in which you feel you can express what you are going through. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, trauma, and substance abuse. As a therapist, I am kind, empathetic, and a good listener, and I have a bubbly personality. I want to create a space where you can share what you are comfortable working through your journey.
Hi, my name is Ellie, and it is a pleasure to have you on my page and know you are seeking service! Every person is unique in their way, and everyone has a story to share. I aim to provide a safe environment in which you feel you can express what you are going through. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, trauma, and substance abuse. As a therapist, I am kind, empathetic, and a good listener, and I have a bubbly personality. I want to create a space where you can share what you are comfortable working through your journey.
(216) 350-7827 View (216) 350-7827
Photo of Diana Cofsky, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Diana Cofsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
(216) 677-1868 View (216) 677-1868
Photo of Justin Monty, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Justin Monty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44124  (Online Only)
I make my best effort to build a connection with each of my clients. Our rapport is one of the most important parts of creating a successful therapeutic partnership. That takes time and it's my job to build that trust through empathy. When there is a strong connection, therapy can be a lot more helpful.
I make my best effort to build a connection with each of my clients. Our rapport is one of the most important parts of creating a successful therapeutic partnership. That takes time and it's my job to build that trust through empathy. When there is a strong connection, therapy can be a lot more helpful.
(216) 284-8151 View (216) 284-8151
Photo of Tonya Gragg-McCoy, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tonya Gragg-McCoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44124
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of behavioral health and psychotherapy experience in settings such as community and residential care, hospitals, and inpatient and outpatient facilities. My skills include working with rural populations and adults with mental illness such as bipolar disorder, PTSD, and alcohol and drug issues. Through my collaborative, person-centered, trauma-informed approach, I help my clients define what their own version of success looks like. I use a variety of tools such as motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy to develop individual care for my clients.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of behavioral health and psychotherapy experience in settings such as community and residential care, hospitals, and inpatient and outpatient facilities. My skills include working with rural populations and adults with mental illness such as bipolar disorder, PTSD, and alcohol and drug issues. Through my collaborative, person-centered, trauma-informed approach, I help my clients define what their own version of success looks like. I use a variety of tools such as motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy to develop individual care for my clients.
(740) 480-2667 View (740) 480-2667
Photo of Be Well Cleveland Marcia Bremenour Lpcc-S, MEd, LPCC
Be Well Cleveland Marcia Bremenour Lpcc-S
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Anxiety can be powerful and confusing, especially when so much in the world is beyond our control. When the things we do in response to stress, grief, loss, and trauma become harmful, the light at the end of the tunnel becomes more distant. I believe in the power of every person to find the strength and ability to move through life’s challenges, and the value of recognizing what is ours to control and what is not. I encourage being careful, not fearful, and I will work with you to establish hope and faith in yourself and the world, while navigating the nuances of various mood and emotional issues.
Anxiety can be powerful and confusing, especially when so much in the world is beyond our control. When the things we do in response to stress, grief, loss, and trauma become harmful, the light at the end of the tunnel becomes more distant. I believe in the power of every person to find the strength and ability to move through life’s challenges, and the value of recognizing what is ours to control and what is not. I encourage being careful, not fearful, and I will work with you to establish hope and faith in yourself and the world, while navigating the nuances of various mood and emotional issues.
(216) 290-0718 View (216) 290-0718
Photo of Stephen Imbornoni, PhD, LPCC-S, Psych, Psychologist
Stephen Imbornoni
Psychologist, PhD, LPCC-S, Psych
Verified Verified
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
My ideal client senses there is something more available from life, a deeper personal and spiritual connection with themselves, others, the world, and the higher realms. We will look at what may be preventing fulfillment and satisfaction. We may sense or feel that life experiences have created blocks to be released. Disordered thinking, difficult moods, and soul distress can be signs of areas of potential growth. My clients are seeking ways to move ahead in their life. We will find and dismiss any barriers, cultivate forward movement, and fulfillment in your life journey.
My ideal client senses there is something more available from life, a deeper personal and spiritual connection with themselves, others, the world, and the higher realms. We will look at what may be preventing fulfillment and satisfaction. We may sense or feel that life experiences have created blocks to be released. Disordered thinking, difficult moods, and soul distress can be signs of areas of potential growth. My clients are seeking ways to move ahead in their life. We will find and dismiss any barriers, cultivate forward movement, and fulfillment in your life journey.
(216) 298-1449 View (216) 298-1449
Photo of Dr. Rachael Muster, PhD, LPCC-S, Counselor
Dr. Rachael Muster
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mayfield Heights, OH 44124  (Online Only)
Have you tried therapy before, but never found the 'right' fit? Have you felt frustrated by the focus on problem-solving and 'coping' without fully investigating the root cause of your pain? Are you tired of struggling and ready to look at things from a new perspective… by examining the role of your mind, body, and spirit in your healing journey? Then you’re in the right place. Through a holistic lens, I can help you get unstuck, recover from stress + trauma, and tap into your innate ability to heal. The best part? I have immediate availability. The healing journey can be overwhelming and you don't have to do it alone.
Have you tried therapy before, but never found the 'right' fit? Have you felt frustrated by the focus on problem-solving and 'coping' without fully investigating the root cause of your pain? Are you tired of struggling and ready to look at things from a new perspective… by examining the role of your mind, body, and spirit in your healing journey? Then you’re in the right place. Through a holistic lens, I can help you get unstuck, recover from stress + trauma, and tap into your innate ability to heal. The best part? I have immediate availability. The healing journey can be overwhelming and you don't have to do it alone.
(216) 279-8104 View (216) 279-8104
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 44124

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 44124 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
71% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
65% Relationship Issues
59% Life Transitions
58% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
78% Cigna and Evernorth
76% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 44124 see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 44124?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.