Photo of Deaira McGrady, LPCC, AT, CMP, Counselor
Deaira McGrady
Counselor, LPCC, AT, CMP
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121
No one should feel alone but many tend to lack support or even just to have someone to listen to them. They have no one with whom to process emotions and life challenges. Seeking therapy is a great first step, you're almost done with one of the parts many find difficult. Trust takes time and that's ok, as long as you're willing to engage in self-exploration and growth. Therapy can be challenging but you're not alone, we're partners. Collaboratively, we'll work together to navigate your challenges and meet your goals.
No one should feel alone but many tend to lack support or even just to have someone to listen to them. They have no one with whom to process emotions and life challenges. Seeking therapy is a great first step, you're almost done with one of the parts many find difficult. Trust takes time and that's ok, as long as you're willing to engage in self-exploration and growth. Therapy can be challenging but you're not alone, we're partners. Collaboratively, we'll work together to navigate your challenges and meet your goals.
(216) 412-8804 View (216) 412-8804
Photo of Abel Oriri - Able Counseling & Associates, Inc., LPCC, NCC, PhD(c), Counselor
Able Counseling & Associates, Inc.
Counselor, LPCC, NCC, PhD(c)
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44121
While I may not change past ( personal, relationship, marriage, family or business) situations, I can help you to better understand and resolve your current situation and guide you to a happier and successful personal and professional life. By applying complementary individual, couple, family or group therapy techniques to unearth long-standing patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful and purposeful life. My team also provide EAP Consultations, Critical Incident Training & Response worldwide (24/7) Benefits:
While I may not change past ( personal, relationship, marriage, family or business) situations, I can help you to better understand and resolve your current situation and guide you to a happier and successful personal and professional life. By applying complementary individual, couple, family or group therapy techniques to unearth long-standing patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful and purposeful life. My team also provide EAP Consultations, Critical Incident Training & Response worldwide (24/7) Benefits:
(216) 446-7147 View (216) 446-7147
Photo of Sharon Bursky, PhD, IMFT-S , Marriage & Family Therapist
Sharon Bursky
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, IMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Euclid, OH 44121
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I am passionate about working with my clients and assisting them through their challenging journeys. My emphasis as a therapist is on relationships and family. With my emphasis on relationships, I work with individual adults, couples, and teens/adolescents. I also specialize in providing parent guidance/coaching. My belief is that individuals are the experts on their lives and that therapy is a collaborative process. I utilize evidence-based psychotherapy practices, Emotion-focused therapy principles and interventions, and systems based concepts. I welcome individuals and couples of any sexual orientation and background.
Welcome! I am passionate about working with my clients and assisting them through their challenging journeys. My emphasis as a therapist is on relationships and family. With my emphasis on relationships, I work with individual adults, couples, and teens/adolescents. I also specialize in providing parent guidance/coaching. My belief is that individuals are the experts on their lives and that therapy is a collaborative process. I utilize evidence-based psychotherapy practices, Emotion-focused therapy principles and interventions, and systems based concepts. I welcome individuals and couples of any sexual orientation and background.
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Photo of Kimberly F Tate, MEd, LPC, Counselor
Kimberly F Tate
Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121  (Online Only)
There are many good therapists who will walk with you on your journey of self-discovery and healing. There can be more than one good fit, and multiple clinicians can help you grow in different ways. Start with the connection you feel and go from there. I enjoy working in an integrated practice and recognize the value of seeing the whole person and considering all the bio-psycho-social-spiritual factors. I want to honor the complexity of your situation. There is no easy, quick fix. But together we can take steps toward better strategies and change.
There are many good therapists who will walk with you on your journey of self-discovery and healing. There can be more than one good fit, and multiple clinicians can help you grow in different ways. Start with the connection you feel and go from there. I enjoy working in an integrated practice and recognize the value of seeing the whole person and considering all the bio-psycho-social-spiritual factors. I want to honor the complexity of your situation. There is no easy, quick fix. But together we can take steps toward better strategies and change.
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Photo of Sarah Finkelshteyn, LPCC, CIMNTT, CNC, Counselor
Sarah Finkelshteyn
Counselor, LPCC, CIMNTT, CNC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44121  (Online Only)
I'm so happy you're looking for the support you deserve. I started UMatter Counseling to provide quality mental health care, tailored to your individual needs. Umatter Counseling is comprised of a group of clinicians who work with a wide range of unique circumstances and diagnosis. We work with each individual to help address their personal goals. You are the only one who really knows what you need, we're here to help you find out how to get to your unique destination, and because of this we feel therapy is a collaborative process.
I'm so happy you're looking for the support you deserve. I started UMatter Counseling to provide quality mental health care, tailored to your individual needs. Umatter Counseling is comprised of a group of clinicians who work with a wide range of unique circumstances and diagnosis. We work with each individual to help address their personal goals. You are the only one who really knows what you need, we're here to help you find out how to get to your unique destination, and because of this we feel therapy is a collaborative process.
(216) 238-2566 View (216) 238-2566
Photo of Joy A Reid - Life Enrichment:Individual, Family & Bus. Solution, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Life Enrichment:Individual, Family & Bus. Solution
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Euclid, OH 44121
As we go through life's journey we often face challenges that makes it difficult to find resolution on our own. Spending time in therapy can often help in introspection, unresolved conflict, focus on the future and set new goals to get a new lease on life.
As we go through life's journey we often face challenges that makes it difficult to find resolution on our own. Spending time in therapy can often help in introspection, unresolved conflict, focus on the future and set new goals to get a new lease on life.
(216) 279-8585 View (216) 279-8585
Photo of Sherry L Gibson, LISW-S, CCATP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sherry L Gibson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, CCATP
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121
Each person has characteristic ways of managing their emotional reactions to their unique life challenges. Whether it be worry and anxiety, the loss of a loved one, relationship conflict, anger, or finding direction and purpose, I am here to help you reclaim your joy, strengthen your relationships and rediscover your sense of adventure. Together we will identify patterns of behavior, help you understand and process your feelings, and then work to find ways to manage and move beyond your challenges. Life can get tough, but you are tougher! Psychotherapy can help you explore your issues, improve insight and develop life-long skills.
Each person has characteristic ways of managing their emotional reactions to their unique life challenges. Whether it be worry and anxiety, the loss of a loved one, relationship conflict, anger, or finding direction and purpose, I am here to help you reclaim your joy, strengthen your relationships and rediscover your sense of adventure. Together we will identify patterns of behavior, help you understand and process your feelings, and then work to find ways to manage and move beyond your challenges. Life can get tough, but you are tougher! Psychotherapy can help you explore your issues, improve insight and develop life-long skills.
(216) 279-5122 View (216) 279-5122
Photo of Anita Minkin, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anita Minkin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121
Someone you love has died, and your world feels like it is falling apart. Nothing is the same anymore. One day follows the next, leaving you behind. You lay in bed at night, missing your loved one with a pain that is unbearable. If only you had one more day to spend with them-to say good-bye, to say all the things you wish you had said, but didn't. Regrets and memories flood your mind, keeping you from sleep. Your heart is breaking and you feel so alone. If only things could return to the way they were. But you know they have changed forever, and you wonder how you'll be able to go on.
Someone you love has died, and your world feels like it is falling apart. Nothing is the same anymore. One day follows the next, leaving you behind. You lay in bed at night, missing your loved one with a pain that is unbearable. If only you had one more day to spend with them-to say good-bye, to say all the things you wish you had said, but didn't. Regrets and memories flood your mind, keeping you from sleep. Your heart is breaking and you feel so alone. If only things could return to the way they were. But you know they have changed forever, and you wonder how you'll be able to go on.
(216) 238-2906 View (216) 238-2906
Photo of Nancy L Rubel, PhD, LLC, Psychologist
Nancy L Rubel
Psychologist, PhD, LLC
Verified Verified
Cleveland Heights, OH 44121  (Online Only)
Life can be a challenging journey. If you are seeking a therapist with a warm, supportive, direct style, consider calling me for a free phone consultation. Mindful awareness, new perspectives, and hope are what I offer in the process of honest exploration of difficult issues and life experiences in psychotherapy. I believe it is my job to be open and non-judgemental as I assist you to find more ease in your life. Through careful listening and advising, I will support you toward sorting through your life struggles. We will use Zoom for our sessions, which offers considerable flexibility in scheduling.
Life can be a challenging journey. If you are seeking a therapist with a warm, supportive, direct style, consider calling me for a free phone consultation. Mindful awareness, new perspectives, and hope are what I offer in the process of honest exploration of difficult issues and life experiences in psychotherapy. I believe it is my job to be open and non-judgemental as I assist you to find more ease in your life. Through careful listening and advising, I will support you toward sorting through your life struggles. We will use Zoom for our sessions, which offers considerable flexibility in scheduling.
(216) 452-7172 View (216) 452-7172
Photo of Lauren Marie Roberts, JD, MSSA, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Marie Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, MSSA, LISW
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121  (Online Only)
As your therapist, it’s my job to meet you where you’re at. What are you hoping to get out of therapy? Together, we can create a treatment plan and goals. Whether you’ve been in therapy for years or this is your first session, we will work together to figure out what will be most beneficial. Therapy sessions can look a variety of ways. Maybe it’s processing a recent trauma, identifying and breaking unhealthy patterns, or building skills. Our sessions will be a safe space where we can learn coping skills, build a better relationship with yourself and your body, figure out effective tactics for managing stress/anxiety, and more.
As your therapist, it’s my job to meet you where you’re at. What are you hoping to get out of therapy? Together, we can create a treatment plan and goals. Whether you’ve been in therapy for years or this is your first session, we will work together to figure out what will be most beneficial. Therapy sessions can look a variety of ways. Maybe it’s processing a recent trauma, identifying and breaking unhealthy patterns, or building skills. Our sessions will be a safe space where we can learn coping skills, build a better relationship with yourself and your body, figure out effective tactics for managing stress/anxiety, and more.
(216) 616-8692 View (216) 616-8692
Photo of Brittani Davis, MA, LPCC-S, LICDC, CST
Brittani Davis
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, LICDC, CST
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44121  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Now, more than ever, having a space to process life is essential. Life can be challenging, especially if you wish to stand confidently in who you are; free of rigid social ideals or limiting environments. My goal is to provide a safe, judgement-free space to do the work. I offer to stand beside you as we process and uncover, discover, resolve, find healing and explore what it looks like to be you, whole and authentically you. Whether consumed with anxiety, life transitions and what’s next or figuring out relationships, I am excited and ready to get through it with you!
Now, more than ever, having a space to process life is essential. Life can be challenging, especially if you wish to stand confidently in who you are; free of rigid social ideals or limiting environments. My goal is to provide a safe, judgement-free space to do the work. I offer to stand beside you as we process and uncover, discover, resolve, find healing and explore what it looks like to be you, whole and authentically you. Whether consumed with anxiety, life transitions and what’s next or figuring out relationships, I am excited and ready to get through it with you!
(216) 677-2124 View (216) 677-2124
Photo of Chloe Kaznoch, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chloe Kaznoch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44121  (Online Only)
Reaching out for help can be a scary first step, and you are so brave for doing so. Trained as a generalist, my goal is to meet you exactly where you are, and help you navigate whatever life has thrown your way. I believe strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship, and will collaborate with you to meet your goals.
Reaching out for help can be a scary first step, and you are so brave for doing so. Trained as a generalist, my goal is to meet you exactly where you are, and help you navigate whatever life has thrown your way. I believe strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship, and will collaborate with you to meet your goals.
(440) 530-6149 View (440) 530-6149
Photo of April Hicks, LCSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
April Hicks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44121  (Online Only)
Are you tired of feeling stuck in a cycle of engaging in the same behaviors? Do you feel overwhelmed with the pressures of life? Do you feel that you don’t have the support you need to get through difficulties? Do you have a hard time developing and maintaining healthy relationships? Do you have goals you desire to meet and are unsure how to reach them? Are you struggling with Depression and/or Anxiety? Do you have difficulties coping with the loss of a loved one? Do you struggle with Addiction? I believe there is a solution to every problem, and I have made it my life’s mission to help resolve issues that have been a burden.
Are you tired of feeling stuck in a cycle of engaging in the same behaviors? Do you feel overwhelmed with the pressures of life? Do you feel that you don’t have the support you need to get through difficulties? Do you have a hard time developing and maintaining healthy relationships? Do you have goals you desire to meet and are unsure how to reach them? Are you struggling with Depression and/or Anxiety? Do you have difficulties coping with the loss of a loved one? Do you struggle with Addiction? I believe there is a solution to every problem, and I have made it my life’s mission to help resolve issues that have been a burden.
(216) 446-8482 View (216) 446-8482
Transcend Mental Behavior Group, LLC
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CDCA
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121
Transcend Mental Behavior Group offers General as well as Substance Abuse Disorder Counseling Services to children, adolescents, and adults who need assistance with changing their lives. Transcend Mental Behavior Group have counselors that are specialized in mental health and substance use disorders. We believe that our patients are capable of change and that mental health and addictions are very treatable. We offer evidence-based therapeutic interventions and treatment modalities that are shown to be effective in life changes. We strongly believe that treatment works best when it is individually tailored.
Transcend Mental Behavior Group offers General as well as Substance Abuse Disorder Counseling Services to children, adolescents, and adults who need assistance with changing their lives. Transcend Mental Behavior Group have counselors that are specialized in mental health and substance use disorders. We believe that our patients are capable of change and that mental health and addictions are very treatable. We offer evidence-based therapeutic interventions and treatment modalities that are shown to be effective in life changes. We strongly believe that treatment works best when it is individually tailored.
(216) 716-2649 View (216) 716-2649
Photo of Julia Parker, MA Ed, LPC, CCLS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julia Parker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA Ed, LPC, CCLS
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44121
Julia has a passion for helping others become the best version of themselves, often by helping them realize that they already are! Julia is ready to meet people wherever they are and walk with them as they navigate their personal journeys. Julia utilizes a variety of collaborative approaches to ensure clients receive the most beneficial treatment possible.
Julia has a passion for helping others become the best version of themselves, often by helping them realize that they already are! Julia is ready to meet people wherever they are and walk with them as they navigate their personal journeys. Julia utilizes a variety of collaborative approaches to ensure clients receive the most beneficial treatment possible.
(216) 279-7384 View (216) 279-7384
Photo of Alexandra Burg “Alex”, LISW-S, BCD, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Burg “Alex”
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, BCD, ACSW
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121  (Online Only)
In this tumultuous world of ours, life can present all kinds of stressful, adverse experiences. It can wreak havoc on our lives. More than ever, people are walking around on sensory overload, feeling anxious and/or drained. You might have difficulty with turning the dial down in your brain. Do you feel overwhelmed, like you just don’t know where or how to begin? Reaching out can be the most difficult part of this process. I’m here when you’re ready. You may be relieved when you see how much better you may feel for having taken this initial step. I look forward to speaking with you. www.CompassionateCounselingforWomen.com
In this tumultuous world of ours, life can present all kinds of stressful, adverse experiences. It can wreak havoc on our lives. More than ever, people are walking around on sensory overload, feeling anxious and/or drained. You might have difficulty with turning the dial down in your brain. Do you feel overwhelmed, like you just don’t know where or how to begin? Reaching out can be the most difficult part of this process. I’m here when you’re ready. You may be relieved when you see how much better you may feel for having taken this initial step. I look forward to speaking with you. www.CompassionateCounselingforWomen.com
(216) 584-9224 View (216) 584-9224
Photo of Hajiba Jonahi - Inner Thoughts Mental Health Services, LSW, MSW
Inner Thoughts Mental Health Services
Licensed Social Worker, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Euclid, OH 44121
If you’re struggling with stress, cultural identity, or maintaining your faith while seeking personal growth, you’re not alone. These issues can cause anxiety and identity conflicts. I focus on anxiety management and stress reduction, offering tailored strategies to develop coping skills and prevent burnout. Specializing in working with individuals of Islamic faith, I provide culturally competent and spiritually sensitive care, creating a safe space for reconciling faith with personal growth. Let’s work together to achieve a balanced, fulfilling life.
If you’re struggling with stress, cultural identity, or maintaining your faith while seeking personal growth, you’re not alone. These issues can cause anxiety and identity conflicts. I focus on anxiety management and stress reduction, offering tailored strategies to develop coping skills and prevent burnout. Specializing in working with individuals of Islamic faith, I provide culturally competent and spiritually sensitive care, creating a safe space for reconciling faith with personal growth. Let’s work together to achieve a balanced, fulfilling life.
(216) 450-6302 x100 View (216) 450-6302 x100
Photo of Rebecca Boyle, PhD, IMFT-S, PCC-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca Boyle
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, IMFT-S, PCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Euclid, OH 44121  (Online Only)
Hello! I am passionate about working with my clients and assisting them through their challenging situations. I focus on the individual within their family system and relationships. I work with individuals adults, couples, and teens/adolescents through a systemic lens. I strongly believe that individuals are the experts on their lives and that therapy is a collaborative process. I utilize evidence-based psychotherapy practices, which are systems based. I love working with families and parents as they navigate through the roller coaster ride of parenting. I welcome all people regardless of their sexual or cultural background.
Hello! I am passionate about working with my clients and assisting them through their challenging situations. I focus on the individual within their family system and relationships. I work with individuals adults, couples, and teens/adolescents through a systemic lens. I strongly believe that individuals are the experts on their lives and that therapy is a collaborative process. I utilize evidence-based psychotherapy practices, which are systems based. I love working with families and parents as they navigate through the roller coaster ride of parenting. I welcome all people regardless of their sexual or cultural background.
(216) 930-2015 View (216) 930-2015
Photo of Billie J Gilliam, LPCC-S , LICDC-C, Counselor
Billie J Gilliam
Counselor, LPCC-S , LICDC-C
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121
Surviving life is existing. Thriving is living. Freedom is a incremental process. Counseling creates space for incremental freedom. I prefer a three prong approach, where meaning of a thing/event, visceral body/emotional experiences and historical messages are explored in current behaviors, thoughts and feelings. In this process, you will be able to manage the unknown standing firm, having confidence despite uncertainty.
Surviving life is existing. Thriving is living. Freedom is a incremental process. Counseling creates space for incremental freedom. I prefer a three prong approach, where meaning of a thing/event, visceral body/emotional experiences and historical messages are explored in current behaviors, thoughts and feelings. In this process, you will be able to manage the unknown standing firm, having confidence despite uncertainty.
(216) 677-4181 View (216) 677-4181
Photo of Adina Bloom Lewkowicz, MSSA, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adina Bloom Lewkowicz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW
Verified Verified
South Euclid, OH 44121  (Online Only)
As a fellow traveler on the journey of life with a helpful background and expertise, I offer support, opportunities for increased self-awareness and paths to transformation. I provide a mirror to more closely examine and refine our life journeys, increasing happiness, self-confidence and enjoyable relationships
As a fellow traveler on the journey of life with a helpful background and expertise, I offer support, opportunities for increased self-awareness and paths to transformation. I provide a mirror to more closely examine and refine our life journeys, increasing happiness, self-confidence and enjoyable relationships
(216) 859-0537 View (216) 859-0537
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 44121

100+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in 44121 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
65% Grief
58% Relationship Issues
51% Life Transitions
46% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
85% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
84% Medical Mutual

How Therapists in 44121 see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 44121?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.