Photo of Brooke H Kroto, LISW-S, CGT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brooke H Kroto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, CGT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44110
My greatest passion and specialization is working with the LGBTQ+ community. My mission is to enhance your ability to live the life you deserve. For those who are transgender or gender variant, I provide gender diagnosis and therapy, and write the necessary letters of recommendation for gender affirming medical treatments. My gender services work in coordination with medical providers on your team within all hospital systems. I am a board certified gender therapist, a well-seasoned general psychotherapist, am EMDR trained. I bring over thirty years of training and practical experience to this work.
My greatest passion and specialization is working with the LGBTQ+ community. My mission is to enhance your ability to live the life you deserve. For those who are transgender or gender variant, I provide gender diagnosis and therapy, and write the necessary letters of recommendation for gender affirming medical treatments. My gender services work in coordination with medical providers on your team within all hospital systems. I am a board certified gender therapist, a well-seasoned general psychotherapist, am EMDR trained. I bring over thirty years of training and practical experience to this work.
(216) 245-3675 View (216) 245-3675
Photo of Jacqueline Nashelle Lockett - Phoenix Counseling and Wellness, LLC, MSSA, LISW, C-DBT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Phoenix Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44110
Is your life spiraling out of control? Are you falling into the abyss of anxiety, depression, worry, fear, hopelessness? Are you feeling abandoned, lonely, or isolated? Well, you are not alone. Being isolated and disconnected can impact an individual in profound ways. Negativity, "wondering will things get better" - painful memories of the past, unresolved conflict ensues, hijacking your thoughts, motivation and the ability to move forward in this season of life. Discover a safe place where you'll experience healing in your mind, body & spirit - a genuine encounter with transparency, authenticity and compassion.
Is your life spiraling out of control? Are you falling into the abyss of anxiety, depression, worry, fear, hopelessness? Are you feeling abandoned, lonely, or isolated? Well, you are not alone. Being isolated and disconnected can impact an individual in profound ways. Negativity, "wondering will things get better" - painful memories of the past, unresolved conflict ensues, hijacking your thoughts, motivation and the ability to move forward in this season of life. Discover a safe place where you'll experience healing in your mind, body & spirit - a genuine encounter with transparency, authenticity and compassion.
(440) 530-6070 View (440) 530-6070
Photo of Whitney Johnson, M Ed, LSC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Whitney Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LSC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44110
Not accepting new clients
My clients come to me because they're ready to do something different and they've realized they need help. A few words I would use to describe them; brave, persistent, and powerful. It takes a lot of courage to make the first step to finding a therapist and this is only the beginning of the work but it's one of the most important parts.
My clients come to me because they're ready to do something different and they've realized they need help. A few words I would use to describe them; brave, persistent, and powerful. It takes a lot of courage to make the first step to finding a therapist and this is only the beginning of the work but it's one of the most important parts.
(216) 238-2823 View (216) 238-2823
Photo of Eric Dowery Jr, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eric Dowery Jr
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44110  (Online Only)
Are you eager for positive change in your life? Are you ready to be intentional about making change happen? You may feel tired of dealing with the same struggles and negative patterns and want better for yourself. Oftentimes, exploring your past is the key to unlocking your thoughts, feelings, behaviors and even how you interact with others in the world. My ideal client is willing to learn and try new things in order to promote positive changes in their life. I love working collaboratively with individuals to help find solutions that will increase their life fulfillment.
Are you eager for positive change in your life? Are you ready to be intentional about making change happen? You may feel tired of dealing with the same struggles and negative patterns and want better for yourself. Oftentimes, exploring your past is the key to unlocking your thoughts, feelings, behaviors and even how you interact with others in the world. My ideal client is willing to learn and try new things in order to promote positive changes in their life. I love working collaboratively with individuals to help find solutions that will increase their life fulfillment.
(216) 284-4647 View (216) 284-4647
Photo of Emerson Fetty, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emerson Fetty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44110  (Online Only)
Emerson Fetty is a Licensed Independent Social Worker (LISW) with over 5 years of experience. He specializes in issues related to the LGBTQIA+ community, gender and sexuality issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, stress, life transitions, and more.
Emerson Fetty is a Licensed Independent Social Worker (LISW) with over 5 years of experience. He specializes in issues related to the LGBTQIA+ community, gender and sexuality issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, stress, life transitions, and more.
(216) 868-4236 View (216) 868-4236
Photo of Ryan Fernandez, LPCC
Ryan Fernandez
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44110  (Online Only)
Ryan Fernandez is both a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor with 5 years of experience as a clinician. He is passionate about empowering diverse individuals, couples, and groups to accomplish their mental health goals. Ryan specializes in self-esteem issues, relationship issues, grief, spirituality, substance-related and addictive disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, personality disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. Ryan has a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from John Carroll University.
Ryan Fernandez is both a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor with 5 years of experience as a clinician. He is passionate about empowering diverse individuals, couples, and groups to accomplish their mental health goals. Ryan specializes in self-esteem issues, relationship issues, grief, spirituality, substance-related and addictive disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, personality disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. Ryan has a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from John Carroll University.
(216) 785-2195 View (216) 785-2195
Photo of Lauren Ferns, LPC, ATR-P, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Ferns
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44110
Hello! I'm Lauren (she/her), a licensed professional counselor and art therapist in Cleveland, Ohio. Life can be overwhelming and out of control, leaving you feeling like you mentally and spiritually have “too many tabs open.” Hey, I’ve been there, and I'm here to accompany you on your healing and self-discovery journey. I find fulfillment in working with adults navigating the complexities of modern life who may experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, complex trauma, grief, and neurodiversity.
Hello! I'm Lauren (she/her), a licensed professional counselor and art therapist in Cleveland, Ohio. Life can be overwhelming and out of control, leaving you feeling like you mentally and spiritually have “too many tabs open.” Hey, I’ve been there, and I'm here to accompany you on your healing and self-discovery journey. I find fulfillment in working with adults navigating the complexities of modern life who may experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, complex trauma, grief, and neurodiversity.
(216) 616-1169 View (216) 616-1169
Photo of Aaliyah Owens, BA, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Aaliyah Owens
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44110
Hi, I’m Aaliyah, and I believe that every person deserves to feel heard, understood, and supported in their journey towards healing and growth. I am passionate about guiding each one of my clients towards becoming their best selves one session at a time. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are facing various challenges such as family/marital conflicts, communication problems, anxiety, depression, trauma, and preventative care such as pre-marital therapy services.
Hi, I’m Aaliyah, and I believe that every person deserves to feel heard, understood, and supported in their journey towards healing and growth. I am passionate about guiding each one of my clients towards becoming their best selves one session at a time. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are facing various challenges such as family/marital conflicts, communication problems, anxiety, depression, trauma, and preventative care such as pre-marital therapy services.
(440) 294-8502 View (440) 294-8502
Photo of Larissa Malcolm, MSOD, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Larissa Malcolm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSOD, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44110
Worrying every damn day is exhausting. It feels like you're stuck in your head, and your thoughts are a jumbled mess. You don't like uncertainty, yet everything seems out of control. You want to feel normal and aren't sure what that means anymore. You're trying to hide your feelings from everyone, and that's getting harder. You're arguing with the people close to you, sleeping too much or not enough, and feeling antsy. You didn't ask for this, but here it is.
Worrying every damn day is exhausting. It feels like you're stuck in your head, and your thoughts are a jumbled mess. You don't like uncertainty, yet everything seems out of control. You want to feel normal and aren't sure what that means anymore. You're trying to hide your feelings from everyone, and that's getting harder. You're arguing with the people close to you, sleeping too much or not enough, and feeling antsy. You didn't ask for this, but here it is.
(440) 271-3675 View (440) 271-3675
Photo of Kelly D Roberts Brewer, BA, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly D Roberts Brewer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44110  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my approach is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and respect for your unique journey. My goal is to create a safe, supportive space where you feel empowered to explore your experiences, identify your strengths, and make meaningful changes that align with your values and goals. I am committed to honoring your voice and adapting my methods to meet your specific needs and aspirations. Whether they are navigating loss, seeking clarity, or striving for personal growth, I am dedicated to helping you find a path forward that feels both empowering and authentic.
As a therapist, my approach is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and respect for your unique journey. My goal is to create a safe, supportive space where you feel empowered to explore your experiences, identify your strengths, and make meaningful changes that align with your values and goals. I am committed to honoring your voice and adapting my methods to meet your specific needs and aspirations. Whether they are navigating loss, seeking clarity, or striving for personal growth, I am dedicated to helping you find a path forward that feels both empowering and authentic.
(614) 502-6220 View (614) 502-6220

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Moricia Stanley, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Moricia Stanley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
I work with all ages, adult and children and believe that taking the first step towards finding answers, is the most challenging part of the journey, and the bravest one of all. Even though seeking counseling is more acceptable in today’s society, it can be a bit daunting if you have never taken that leap of faith before. Please feel free to reach out and ask me any questions or share any concerns about the counselor experience. I’ll do what I can to answer your question and help you on your journey. We can find the answers together for a happier and healthier future for you or your child.
I work with all ages, adult and children and believe that taking the first step towards finding answers, is the most challenging part of the journey, and the bravest one of all. Even though seeking counseling is more acceptable in today’s society, it can be a bit daunting if you have never taken that leap of faith before. Please feel free to reach out and ask me any questions or share any concerns about the counselor experience. I’ll do what I can to answer your question and help you on your journey. We can find the answers together for a happier and healthier future for you or your child.
(216) 616-5490 View (216) 616-5490
Photo of Otimbum Wilson Jr, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Otimbum Wilson Jr
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile! This means that you are contemplating the beginning of your therapeutic journey, and this is a beautiful first step. I am a firm believer that ANYBODY can benefit from therapy no matter one's age, gender or race. I have experience working in a multitude of settings such as school based counseling, Methadone clinic, community agency work, and private practice. I have experience working with individuals (children, teenagers and adults), families, and couples. I have experience serving diverse populations with a wide range of mental health concern.
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile! This means that you are contemplating the beginning of your therapeutic journey, and this is a beautiful first step. I am a firm believer that ANYBODY can benefit from therapy no matter one's age, gender or race. I have experience working in a multitude of settings such as school based counseling, Methadone clinic, community agency work, and private practice. I have experience working with individuals (children, teenagers and adults), families, and couples. I have experience serving diverse populations with a wide range of mental health concern.
(216) 284-6369 View (216) 284-6369
Photo of Katherine Boldt, LPC, Counselor
Katherine Boldt
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Cleveland, Ohio, specializing in sex therapy and supporting donor-conceived individuals. I would be honored to partner with you on your journey toward wellness and personal growth. Let’s connect and explore the path ahead together.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Cleveland, Ohio, specializing in sex therapy and supporting donor-conceived individuals. I would be honored to partner with you on your journey toward wellness and personal growth. Let’s connect and explore the path ahead together.
(440) 901-5948 View (440) 901-5948
Photo of Kristen Tolbert - Associates in Corporate Psychology, PhD, LPC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Associates in Corporate Psychology
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44112  (Online Only)
We empower leaders to thrive in high-stakes environments by leveraging emotional intelligence and advanced psychological insights as strategic assets. Our approach redefines executive mental health, positioning resilience as a cornerstone of sustained performance and influence. Guided by elite psychologists with a track record of success in executive dynamics, we offer a trusted partnership that transforms psychological expertise into measurable business results—shaping leaders who inspire and drive lasting impact.
We empower leaders to thrive in high-stakes environments by leveraging emotional intelligence and advanced psychological insights as strategic assets. Our approach redefines executive mental health, positioning resilience as a cornerstone of sustained performance and influence. Guided by elite psychologists with a track record of success in executive dynamics, we offer a trusted partnership that transforms psychological expertise into measurable business results—shaping leaders who inspire and drive lasting impact.
(877) 759-0919 View (877) 759-0919
Photo of Ranada Cooper, PsyD, Psychologist
Ranada Cooper
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44112
Are you experiencing depression or anxiety? Are you struggling with home or work-related stressors? Are you experiencing difficulty with understanding your child and his/her behaviors at school or home? Do you have questions about why your teen is experiencing difficulty in school? My mission to provide comprehensive mental health services to assist children, youth, and adults in managing their symptoms more effectively and living a more productive life.
Are you experiencing depression or anxiety? Are you struggling with home or work-related stressors? Are you experiencing difficulty with understanding your child and his/her behaviors at school or home? Do you have questions about why your teen is experiencing difficulty in school? My mission to provide comprehensive mental health services to assist children, youth, and adults in managing their symptoms more effectively and living a more productive life.
(216) 238-3622 View (216) 238-3622
Photo of Erin Sheplavy - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Lakewood, Psychologist
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Lakewood
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44112
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Dr. Dorian Kondas, MA, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Dorian Kondas
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44112
Healing happens! You DO have the ability to work through your despair, loss, anxiety, shame, trauma, compulsions, sexual concerns, and relationship conflicts. I offer a safe online space for individual adults and a gentle, relationship-oriented process of holistic healing. I bring to you a broad doctoral background for almost any life concern you may be facing yet with specialized training and skills. Therapy groups also offered currently for gay men and for religious abuse or cult survivors (see below).
Healing happens! You DO have the ability to work through your despair, loss, anxiety, shame, trauma, compulsions, sexual concerns, and relationship conflicts. I offer a safe online space for individual adults and a gentle, relationship-oriented process of holistic healing. I bring to you a broad doctoral background for almost any life concern you may be facing yet with specialized training and skills. Therapy groups also offered currently for gay men and for religious abuse or cult survivors (see below).
(614) 660-5487 View (614) 660-5487
Photo of Rachel N Waggoner, MA, NCC, LPCC-S, Counselor
Rachel N Waggoner
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44112
Not accepting new clients
Ebb & Flow Counseling has found a home in the Greater Cleveland area! I have worked in many different settings and always felt like something was missing. Therefore I created this studio to help on a holistic level. My goal is to constantly evolve with the practice and learn relevant techniques. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, and trauma as well as other symptoms. My clients range from young adults, adults, teenagers, and couples that are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, life changes or transitions.
Ebb & Flow Counseling has found a home in the Greater Cleveland area! I have worked in many different settings and always felt like something was missing. Therefore I created this studio to help on a holistic level. My goal is to constantly evolve with the practice and learn relevant techniques. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, and trauma as well as other symptoms. My clients range from young adults, adults, teenagers, and couples that are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, life changes or transitions.
(216) 350-0633 View (216) 350-0633
Photo of Shayla Shavers, LPCC-S
Shayla Shavers
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44112  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Do you have trouble setting boundaries? You’ve come to the right place! I am here to help you become your best self. As a therapist, I'm here to help you process those feelings in a nonjudgmental environment. I believe gaining insight into your situation and learning new skills to manage your emotions can move you to the next level of experiencing more joy in life!
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Do you have trouble setting boundaries? You’ve come to the right place! I am here to help you become your best self. As a therapist, I'm here to help you process those feelings in a nonjudgmental environment. I believe gaining insight into your situation and learning new skills to manage your emotions can move you to the next level of experiencing more joy in life!
(234) 239-8293 View (234) 239-8293
Photo of Mary Rose Tichar, MEd, LPC, CCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Rose Tichar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CCC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44108
Hello! I am a career counselor, life coach, and a licensed professional counselor with 20 years of experience. Your natural talent and strengths, along with meaning and purpose for your work, is the cornerstone of a satisfying career. At InsideOut, we talk a lot about your natural talent and we build narratives and communication strategies for interviews and networking. We work a process that builds confidence and clarity for who you are, and the value you bring to your work. If you are an early, mid, or seasoned person seeking a pathway forward, please connect with me. I look forward to meeting you!
Hello! I am a career counselor, life coach, and a licensed professional counselor with 20 years of experience. Your natural talent and strengths, along with meaning and purpose for your work, is the cornerstone of a satisfying career. At InsideOut, we talk a lot about your natural talent and we build narratives and communication strategies for interviews and networking. We work a process that builds confidence and clarity for who you are, and the value you bring to your work. If you are an early, mid, or seasoned person seeking a pathway forward, please connect with me. I look forward to meeting you!
(216) 502-2787 View (216) 502-2787

See more therapy options for 44110

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 44110

10+

Average cost per session

$122

Therapists in 44110 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
80% Trauma and PTSD
70% Depression
70% Coping Skills
60% Relationship Issues
50% Grief
50% Anger Management

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
89% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
89% Optum

How Therapists in 44110 see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 44110?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.