Therapists in 43221
![Photo of Emanuel Werner, LPCC-S, LCDCIII](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/573128e4-cbf2-43e1-b9d7-4a2b6f2061d9/1/320x400.png)
Emanuel Werner
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, LCDCIII
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
I specialize in treating generalized anxiety, OCD, depression, complex trauma and PTSD, substance and alcohol use, couples & marital issues, grief, major life transitions, vocational/career discernment, and a variety of everyday and lifelong existential questions and realities we all face. Are you depressed and anxious about many things, with sleepless nights and moments of quiet desperation, helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness? Are you searching for answers to questions both known and unknown, looking to share with someone who can validate the reality of suffering in your life & help you find ways to navigate?
I specialize in treating generalized anxiety, OCD, depression, complex trauma and PTSD, substance and alcohol use, couples & marital issues, grief, major life transitions, vocational/career discernment, and a variety of everyday and lifelong existential questions and realities we all face. Are you depressed and anxious about many things, with sleepless nights and moments of quiet desperation, helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness? Are you searching for answers to questions both known and unknown, looking to share with someone who can validate the reality of suffering in your life & help you find ways to navigate?
![Photo of Joshua Stanley, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2f00f159-57fc-4dab-9320-cc271ba75b28/2/320x400.png)
My ideal client is an individual who is open to working as a team and benefiting from a therapeutic relationship in which honesty, accountability, and empathy are paramount. While a client’s concerns are unique and personal, there is nothing they cannot overcome through effective therapeutic interventions and a highly-trained and relatable clinician.
My ideal client is an individual who is open to working as a team and benefiting from a therapeutic relationship in which honesty, accountability, and empathy are paramount. While a client’s concerns are unique and personal, there is nothing they cannot overcome through effective therapeutic interventions and a highly-trained and relatable clinician.
![Photo of Thomas Nemerovsky, MEd, LPCC-S, LICDC-C, ICCS, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3cd46854-8232-4ae8-b643-671781c5dac4/2/320x400.png)
Thomas Nemerovsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S, LICDC-C, ICCS
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
I specialize in substance use disorders, mood disorders, stress management, trauma, and PTSD. I enjoy working with clients who are motivated for change and are open to exploring strategies to help them improve their mental health and quality of life. I appreciate individuals engaged in the therapeutic process and sharing their thoughts and feelings openly, allowing for a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
I specialize in substance use disorders, mood disorders, stress management, trauma, and PTSD. I enjoy working with clients who are motivated for change and are open to exploring strategies to help them improve their mental health and quality of life. I appreciate individuals engaged in the therapeutic process and sharing their thoughts and feelings openly, allowing for a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
![Photo of Rebekah Fink, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f42ef35e-47be-409b-9904-a819b1d8632e/2/320x400.png)
Are you suffering from trauma & finding it holding you back from living your true, authentic life? From my experience, I can see how challenging a Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis can be on a person, & working with someone open to learning new skills to manage it better can be very rewarding! I enjoy working with people who are suffering from anxiety or depressive disorder as I have seen the progress my clients have made in those areas & I love to watch them start to live a more satisfying life. I am here to assist with any life transitions, relationship issues, grief, or OCD/phobias that are preventing you from your goals.
Are you suffering from trauma & finding it holding you back from living your true, authentic life? From my experience, I can see how challenging a Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis can be on a person, & working with someone open to learning new skills to manage it better can be very rewarding! I enjoy working with people who are suffering from anxiety or depressive disorder as I have seen the progress my clients have made in those areas & I love to watch them start to live a more satisfying life. I am here to assist with any life transitions, relationship issues, grief, or OCD/phobias that are preventing you from your goals.
![Photo of Justin Richard Parsley, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/944e81fd-b3b3-43a7-bcb7-4c14aa901712/2/320x400.jpeg)
Justin Richard Parsley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43221 (Online Only)
I am a licensed independent social worker (LISW) who is passionate about helping clients work through the issues they are struggling with and improve their mental health and overall well-being. I believe in providing a safe, judgment free environment of compassion, support, and unconditional positive regard to help my clients overcome obstacles in their lives so that they can move forward and thrive.
I am a licensed independent social worker (LISW) who is passionate about helping clients work through the issues they are struggling with and improve their mental health and overall well-being. I believe in providing a safe, judgment free environment of compassion, support, and unconditional positive regard to help my clients overcome obstacles in their lives so that they can move forward and thrive.
![Photo of Hannah Bisig, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6d7b15b5-eba6-4032-bf1d-7229084aaea8/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hi, my name is Hannah Bisig (pronouns: she/her) and I look forward to working with you! I believe you hold the unique ability to overcome life’s challenges, and I’ll work to create a safe and authentic space where we can foster your healing and self-compassion. Our goal will be to achieve a space where you can love yourself and life much more fully.
Hi, my name is Hannah Bisig (pronouns: she/her) and I look forward to working with you! I believe you hold the unique ability to overcome life’s challenges, and I’ll work to create a safe and authentic space where we can foster your healing and self-compassion. Our goal will be to achieve a space where you can love yourself and life much more fully.
![Photo of Terrance Tufts, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/297fc3ec-a9c1-468e-9d41-d287c3c9d2af/2/320x400.png)
I have served those with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, Schizophrenia, Family Issues, etc. My ideal client is motivated to roll up their sleeves and engage in the therapeutic process. They have an open mind and can practice effective coping skills to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. They can challenge themselves to be vulnerable and practice accountability while processing their problematic thinking patterns and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental environment. They wish to engage in therapy because they realize that they need to make a change and are willing to take a leap of faith to make it happen.
I have served those with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, Schizophrenia, Family Issues, etc. My ideal client is motivated to roll up their sleeves and engage in the therapeutic process. They have an open mind and can practice effective coping skills to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. They can challenge themselves to be vulnerable and practice accountability while processing their problematic thinking patterns and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental environment. They wish to engage in therapy because they realize that they need to make a change and are willing to take a leap of faith to make it happen.
![Photo of Emily K Kirby, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4533dd4f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I have 10+ years experience conducting therapy with children, adolescents, adults, families, with special expertise in depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief/loss, couples and family therapy, parenting concerns, and behavioral challenges in children and adolescents. I utilize an integrative approach to meet each client's unique needs and goals, incorporating cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based interventions. I am dedicated to building strong therapeutic relationships with my clients by providing empathy, respect, and compassion in a non-judging, safe environment. My collaborative, individualized approach empowers clients to make lasting changes in their lives and increase feelings of self-worth.
I have 10+ years experience conducting therapy with children, adolescents, adults, families, with special expertise in depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief/loss, couples and family therapy, parenting concerns, and behavioral challenges in children and adolescents. I utilize an integrative approach to meet each client's unique needs and goals, incorporating cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based interventions. I am dedicated to building strong therapeutic relationships with my clients by providing empathy, respect, and compassion in a non-judging, safe environment. My collaborative, individualized approach empowers clients to make lasting changes in their lives and increase feelings of self-worth.
![Photo of Cara J Williams, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/38334385-dc64-4560-89b6-14e4d116a7ab/1/320x400.jpeg)
Cara J Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43221
Everything has changed. Maybe you've been diagnosed with dementia or other cognitive impairment. Maybe you love someone who is going through this. Nobody prepares you for the feelings of loss and uncertainty.
Everything has changed. Maybe you've been diagnosed with dementia or other cognitive impairment. Maybe you love someone who is going through this. Nobody prepares you for the feelings of loss and uncertainty.
![Photo of Margaret L. Sullivan, MA,, MS ed,, LSW](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fb9ed7d4-7de8-4822-a3ed-0e1389d7d880/1/320x400.jpeg)
When you're with me, trust that it will be a HIPAA compliant, safe and secure experience, with optional, scheduled office appointments upon request. Who is a typical client and what brings him or her to seek help? You are an individual who may have a busy schedule, a family, or perhaps a physical or psychological mobility issue. You are someone who may have no previous exposure to therapy, counseling or consultation services, or someone who is a seasoned traveler. Whatever the reason, your comprehensive needs are my professional priority.
When you're with me, trust that it will be a HIPAA compliant, safe and secure experience, with optional, scheduled office appointments upon request. Who is a typical client and what brings him or her to seek help? You are an individual who may have a busy schedule, a family, or perhaps a physical or psychological mobility issue. You are someone who may have no previous exposure to therapy, counseling or consultation services, or someone who is a seasoned traveler. Whatever the reason, your comprehensive needs are my professional priority.
![Photo of Jazmine Galbreath, LPCC-S](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d311fc6f-8a62-4e3e-8cbb-909cfedeadac/2/320x400.jpeg)
Jazmine Galbreath
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I am passionate about helping guide individuals on their journey towards transformative change. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space to share your concerns, struggles, and aspirations to facilitate personal growth. I utilize several evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivation Interviewing (MI), and Person-Centered Therapy to tailor therapy based on the individual. My areas of focus are depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, and relationship concerns. If you are viewing this page, you ha
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I am passionate about helping guide individuals on their journey towards transformative change. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space to share your concerns, struggles, and aspirations to facilitate personal growth. I utilize several evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivation Interviewing (MI), and Person-Centered Therapy to tailor therapy based on the individual. My areas of focus are depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, and relationship concerns. If you are viewing this page, you ha
15 Second Videos
Margaret L. Sullivan
Diana Cofsky
Wild Hope Therapy
Regina C. Sigafoos
Sophie Hans
Kristina L. Edler, LLC
Madison Eagle
Jenn Martin
Maggie Reinmann
Reclaim Your Path LLC
Stephanie Tobin
Elizabeth Hritz
Anthony Miller
Simon R Woliver
Judith Garncarek
Katherine Bearer
Todd Warren
Kaela Rae Vance, LPCC-S
Beth (Bethany) McElheny
Michael Thor Ball
Heather Huber
Chris Jon Conte
Jeremy D Kaufman
Maggi D Colwell
![Photo of Macey Hawout, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a0ca08f7-9e19-4593-9583-74aa03182a41/2/320x400.png)
Are you a young adult woman experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem issues, and even trauma? Self-discovery and creating/finding identity are goals I work best with. In my most recent job, I have found that domestic violence survivors and women who experience issues specific to being a woman have piqued my interest. As a therapist, the most rewarding thing is to guide women toward embracing themselves for who they are, heal past wounds, and empower them to live fully and authentically. I believe I have been given a purpose in this world to serve others, and that's what I was created to do.
Are you a young adult woman experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem issues, and even trauma? Self-discovery and creating/finding identity are goals I work best with. In my most recent job, I have found that domestic violence survivors and women who experience issues specific to being a woman have piqued my interest. As a therapist, the most rewarding thing is to guide women toward embracing themselves for who they are, heal past wounds, and empower them to live fully and authentically. I believe I have been given a purpose in this world to serve others, and that's what I was created to do.
![Photo of Jeanie Lisk, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/88b1bb35-5e92-4393-8b32-c9e03c04d62f/1/320x400.png)
Do you feel like no one hears you? Have you been told that you are unable to be helped? Are you chronically suicidal or struggling with emotions? Do you feel like you don't fit in and are looking for a connection? Do you want to feel normal and find a connection?
Do you feel like no one hears you? Have you been told that you are unable to be helped? Are you chronically suicidal or struggling with emotions? Do you feel like you don't fit in and are looking for a connection? Do you want to feel normal and find a connection?
![Photo of Matthew Escano, MA , LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ccc3fc7a-bfc9-4302-820e-5162e2f01b0f/1/320x400.png)
I specialize in anxiety, depression, ADHD, various forms of addiction, autism, & more. Are your goals oriented towards reducing maladaptive symptoms, identifying the behaviors you wish to engage in, being the person you want to be, and, ultimately, the life you aspire to live? Do you desire change and growth & are willing to put the necessary effort in? As your counselor, I do not effect change; that responsibility belongs to you. I aim to empower you to recognize your innate strengths, develop them further, and effectively use them towards your goals in life.
I specialize in anxiety, depression, ADHD, various forms of addiction, autism, & more. Are your goals oriented towards reducing maladaptive symptoms, identifying the behaviors you wish to engage in, being the person you want to be, and, ultimately, the life you aspire to live? Do you desire change and growth & are willing to put the necessary effort in? As your counselor, I do not effect change; that responsibility belongs to you. I aim to empower you to recognize your innate strengths, develop them further, and effectively use them towards your goals in life.
![Photo of Tiffany Spangler, LPC, LICDC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/380c8eb4-a10f-4770-a5cf-6cd818b511a5/2/320x400.png)
Tiffany Spangler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LICDC
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Are you seeking treatment to enrich your life? Are you willing to explore your past, present, and future to gain insight into your illnesses? Are you willing to do the work with me guiding you?
Are you seeking treatment to enrich your life? Are you willing to explore your past, present, and future to gain insight into your illnesses? Are you willing to do the work with me guiding you?
![Photo of Shealynne Baus, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e6205dd9-6690-48b0-8b6a-d1eb3cf2ffee/1/320x400.jpeg)
Are you stressed? Anxious? Overwhelmed? Not performing well? Therapy is an opportunity for change. Whether you are a high school student, college student, parent, young adult facing a new career or an executive, the demands of everyday life can be challenging. We often lose our perspective and suffer emotionally, psychologically, and even physically. Whether you are struggling with your everyday demands or you are confronting unique life challenges, I am here to help you reestablish your strengths and empower you with the confidence you need to achieve your personal goals.
Are you stressed? Anxious? Overwhelmed? Not performing well? Therapy is an opportunity for change. Whether you are a high school student, college student, parent, young adult facing a new career or an executive, the demands of everyday life can be challenging. We often lose our perspective and suffer emotionally, psychologically, and even physically. Whether you are struggling with your everyday demands or you are confronting unique life challenges, I am here to help you reestablish your strengths and empower you with the confidence you need to achieve your personal goals.
![Photo of Tee R. Elder, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/13c06ce7-6aa3-4bd4-8297-f1ae359d5df9/1/320x400.jpeg)
Tee R. Elder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Not accepting new clients
Tee is passionate about mental health and all clients are her ideal client. Tee truly believes in total wellness and has other passions in social justice, advocacy, and serving my community to promote the wellbeing of her clients. Tee likes to integrate various theories such as CBT, solutions focused, motivational interviewing, play therapy, and has an EMDR in Color certification; loving all things trauma.
Tee is passionate about mental health and all clients are her ideal client. Tee truly believes in total wellness and has other passions in social justice, advocacy, and serving my community to promote the wellbeing of her clients. Tee likes to integrate various theories such as CBT, solutions focused, motivational interviewing, play therapy, and has an EMDR in Color certification; loving all things trauma.
![Photo of Chahdael Foreman, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/cf12083e-cde6-4a41-ad2e-d5eb848d0c68/1/320x400.jpeg)
Chahdael Foreman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43221 (Online Only)
Taking care of yourself is the best way to care for others. Thank you for taking the first step in caring for yourself by seeking therapy. I believe in approaching your needs and goals through collaboration, non-judgement and insight. This means being honest and being motivated to change. I strive to help those who find themselves struggling with issues related to anxiety, parenting, depression, relationships and boundaries.
Taking care of yourself is the best way to care for others. Thank you for taking the first step in caring for yourself by seeking therapy. I believe in approaching your needs and goals through collaboration, non-judgement and insight. This means being honest and being motivated to change. I strive to help those who find themselves struggling with issues related to anxiety, parenting, depression, relationships and boundaries.
![Photo of Linda S Karlovec, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40bd1e72-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
For many clients, achieving their goals means increasing their capacity for acceptance of themselves and others, empathy and understanding of others, and being able to manage and share their emotions. I believe that a positive outcome of a successful counseling relationship is much more than the absence of symptoms or illness. Rather, it's the sustained ability to enthusiastically engage in all aspects of life: relationships, marriage and family, work, friends, and community.
For many clients, achieving their goals means increasing their capacity for acceptance of themselves and others, empathy and understanding of others, and being able to manage and share their emotions. I believe that a positive outcome of a successful counseling relationship is much more than the absence of symptoms or illness. Rather, it's the sustained ability to enthusiastically engage in all aspects of life: relationships, marriage and family, work, friends, and community.
![Photo of Adam Hawk, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3edd27d3-0d5b-4c1e-9349-86e35a9f12f4/2/320x400.png)
My ideal client is open about their issues and needs and motivated to work through them. My client's goal will be to build a foundation of good mental health that they can carry with them for the rest of their lives and use to improve their own lives as well as their family and friends. My ideal client comes to therapy because they want to be there and value what they can learn from their therapist and themselves.
My ideal client is open about their issues and needs and motivated to work through them. My client's goal will be to build a foundation of good mental health that they can carry with them for the rest of their lives and use to improve their own lives as well as their family and friends. My ideal client comes to therapy because they want to be there and value what they can learn from their therapist and themselves.
See more therapy options for 43221
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in 43221
100+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in 43221 who prioritize treating:
93% | Anxiety |
86% | Depression |
74% | Trauma and PTSD |
71% | Relationship Issues |
71% | Self Esteem |
66% | Coping Skills |
66% | Life Transitions |
Average years in practice
10 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
92% | Aetna |
75% | Cigna and Evernorth |
70% | Anthem | Elevance |
How Therapists in 43221 see their clients
87% | In Person and Online | |
13% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
76% | Female | |
23% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in 43221?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.