Photo of Leah E. Newman, LPC, MHSP, MEd, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Leah E. Newman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MEd, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
LGBTQ+. Gender. Sexuality. Alternative Spirituality. Adult ADHD Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Kink. Sex Work. Vegan. Life Coaching. Tarot. Reiki. Virtual. 420 Friendly. Anxiety. Depression. . BPD. Couples. Meditation. I specialize in gender transitions, LGBTQ+ living, alternative spiritualities, and mindfulness. Don't worry, our straight friends are always welcome too! Find out more at www.LeahNewmanCounseling.com
LGBTQ+. Gender. Sexuality. Alternative Spirituality. Adult ADHD Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Kink. Sex Work. Vegan. Life Coaching. Tarot. Reiki. Virtual. 420 Friendly. Anxiety. Depression. . BPD. Couples. Meditation. I specialize in gender transitions, LGBTQ+ living, alternative spiritualities, and mindfulness. Don't worry, our straight friends are always welcome too! Find out more at www.LeahNewmanCounseling.com
(615) 745-3862 View (615) 745-3862
Photo of Starlett Armstrong, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Starlett Armstrong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
Therapy is a collaborative/interactive process that allows you the freedom as well as the privacy to discuss issues that are too painful or difficult to discuss with your family and/or friends. Together, we will explore what brings you distress as well as what brings you relief. Therapy is designed to help empower you to accomplish mental health wellness and treatment goals. For therapy to be most effective, it is imperative that you take an active part in your treatment journey.
Therapy is a collaborative/interactive process that allows you the freedom as well as the privacy to discuss issues that are too painful or difficult to discuss with your family and/or friends. Together, we will explore what brings you distress as well as what brings you relief. Therapy is designed to help empower you to accomplish mental health wellness and treatment goals. For therapy to be most effective, it is imperative that you take an active part in your treatment journey.
(321) 353-6320 View (321) 353-6320
Photo of Heather Carter - Carter Collaborative Counseling, LPC-S, RPT-S, MAMFTC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carter Collaborative Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S, MAMFTC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! It's a joy for me to come alongside those courageous enough to ask for help. Sometimes it's embarrassing to ask questions about what’s normal and what isn't -i.e., "Am I a bad parent because my child doesn't listen?" or "Is something wrong with me because my relationships keep failing?" I work to provide an open environment for my clients to both process these questions and find solutions. My ideal client values both their personal and loved ones’ mental health. It's an honor to come alongside adults and children with painful histories and increase healthy options for your future.
Hello! It's a joy for me to come alongside those courageous enough to ask for help. Sometimes it's embarrassing to ask questions about what’s normal and what isn't -i.e., "Am I a bad parent because my child doesn't listen?" or "Is something wrong with me because my relationships keep failing?" I work to provide an open environment for my clients to both process these questions and find solutions. My ideal client values both their personal and loved ones’ mental health. It's an honor to come alongside adults and children with painful histories and increase healthy options for your future.
(731) 224-2993 View (731) 224-2993
Photo of Lakeisha Conway, MSSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lakeisha Conway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501
If you're looking for a quality, affordable and convenient social work supervision experience then search no more. As the owner of Best Practice Supervision, Coaching & Consulting, I provide clinical social worker supervision to LMSWs seeking LCSW licensure as well as assist with exam prep (emphasizing test taking strategies) for those seeking their LMSW in the State of TN. I provide online and face to face clinical supervision in the Memphis and Mid-South area for those seeking a close and easily accessible commute. I am also a Practice Monitor for those who have been sanctioned by TN Social Work Board.
If you're looking for a quality, affordable and convenient social work supervision experience then search no more. As the owner of Best Practice Supervision, Coaching & Consulting, I provide clinical social worker supervision to LMSWs seeking LCSW licensure as well as assist with exam prep (emphasizing test taking strategies) for those seeking their LMSW in the State of TN. I provide online and face to face clinical supervision in the Memphis and Mid-South area for those seeking a close and easily accessible commute. I am also a Practice Monitor for those who have been sanctioned by TN Social Work Board.
(901) 250-9330 View (901) 250-9330
Photo of Karin Curtiss, PhD, Psychologist
Karin Curtiss
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
In my practice I typically work with adults individually (in one-on-one sessions). Many of my clients have experienced problems with mood, particularly anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I especially enjoy working with individuals who are needing assistance with difficult relationships, trauma recovery, transitional life issues, and stress management.
In my practice I typically work with adults individually (in one-on-one sessions). Many of my clients have experienced problems with mood, particularly anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I especially enjoy working with individuals who are needing assistance with difficult relationships, trauma recovery, transitional life issues, and stress management.
(615) 205-1737 View (615) 205-1737
Photo of Kia Davis, BSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kia Davis
Pre-Licensed Professional, BSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501
I'm a graduate student in the Master's of Clinical Social Work program at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. My therapeutic approach consists of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychosocial therapy, and crisis intervention. I'm passionate about providing a safe space for you while helping build your resiliency and strengths. I believe in a judgment-free space filled with compassion and understanding, and I am willing to work with you to reach your goals of healing and self-efficacy.
I'm a graduate student in the Master's of Clinical Social Work program at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. My therapeutic approach consists of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychosocial therapy, and crisis intervention. I'm passionate about providing a safe space for you while helping build your resiliency and strengths. I believe in a judgment-free space filled with compassion and understanding, and I am willing to work with you to reach your goals of healing and self-efficacy.
(629) 249-6812 View (629) 249-6812
Photo of Allan Rowe - Geriatric And Dementia Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allan Rowe - Geriatric And Dementia Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501
Are you struggling with dementia or taking care of a loved one who is? Do you feel uncertain about how to take care of them? Many issues faced by the aging population and their loved ones can often leave them feeling insecure and unsure about what to do. If this is happening to you, its normal to feel what you are feeling, but let me help you along the way. We can discuss dementia, housing, power of attorney, caregiver stress, and so much more.
Are you struggling with dementia or taking care of a loved one who is? Do you feel uncertain about how to take care of them? Many issues faced by the aging population and their loved ones can often leave them feeling insecure and unsure about what to do. If this is happening to you, its normal to feel what you are feeling, but let me help you along the way. We can discuss dementia, housing, power of attorney, caregiver stress, and so much more.
(629) 299-1302 View (629) 299-1302
Photo of Kalaway Voss, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kalaway Voss
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501
You are a multifaceted, rare, precious gem of a human, and I want to support you in shedding the conditioning that prevents you from sharing your magic with the world. The cards we are dealt are often unfair/unequal. We did not choose the bodies we were born into, the parents or caretakers we were given, the environments we grew up in, our pain or trauma, or the injustices woven into the systems we inherited. We are not responsible for what is inflicted upon us, but we are responsible for our healing. And like the water carves through rock, you too can start upon the path and life you desire.
You are a multifaceted, rare, precious gem of a human, and I want to support you in shedding the conditioning that prevents you from sharing your magic with the world. The cards we are dealt are often unfair/unequal. We did not choose the bodies we were born into, the parents or caretakers we were given, the environments we grew up in, our pain or trauma, or the injustices woven into the systems we inherited. We are not responsible for what is inflicted upon us, but we are responsible for our healing. And like the water carves through rock, you too can start upon the path and life you desire.
(629) 276-3184 View (629) 276-3184
Photo of Kelly Geelan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly Geelan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee with 5 years of experience with children, adults and families. My background includes inpatient care at Vanderbilt University Medical Center as well as behavioral therapy in Boston, MA. I have experience in many areas but specialize in a few. The first is individuals (children, adolescents and adults) that are neurodiverse, specifically struggling with Autism or ADHD. Additionally, I love working with parents/caregivers to support through new diagnosis and behavior challenges. Finally, I have a passion for working with clients experiencing anxiety disorders such as GAD or OCD.
I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee with 5 years of experience with children, adults and families. My background includes inpatient care at Vanderbilt University Medical Center as well as behavioral therapy in Boston, MA. I have experience in many areas but specialize in a few. The first is individuals (children, adolescents and adults) that are neurodiverse, specifically struggling with Autism or ADHD. Additionally, I love working with parents/caregivers to support through new diagnosis and behavior challenges. Finally, I have a passion for working with clients experiencing anxiety disorders such as GAD or OCD.
(615) 558-5657 View (615) 558-5657
Photo of Tammy Camper, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tammy Camper
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
I work with men and women of all ages who want to be the best they can be in every role they inhabit–parent, spouse, sibling, employee, leader, friend, etc. I especially enjoy helping you learn and practice effective communication strategies, cope and work through anxious and intrusive thoughts, and engage your interpersonal relationships with confidence and ease.
I work with men and women of all ages who want to be the best they can be in every role they inhabit–parent, spouse, sibling, employee, leader, friend, etc. I especially enjoy helping you learn and practice effective communication strategies, cope and work through anxious and intrusive thoughts, and engage your interpersonal relationships with confidence and ease.
(615) 819-4371 View (615) 819-4371
Photo of Catherine Hamilton, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Catherine Hamilton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
Have you noticed feeling socially withdrawn, self-isolating, or feeling as if you are facing your daily struggles alone? Do you feel that your emotions are disregarded by loved ones, or that you are a burden to those around you? Maybe you feel trapped in an unhealthy environment and you are uncertain where to go. If these are things you find yourself battling with, I am here to help you.
Have you noticed feeling socially withdrawn, self-isolating, or feeling as if you are facing your daily struggles alone? Do you feel that your emotions are disregarded by loved ones, or that you are a burden to those around you? Maybe you feel trapped in an unhealthy environment and you are uncertain where to go. If these are things you find yourself battling with, I am here to help you.
(731) 203-9644 View (731) 203-9644
Photo of Tiffany Lopez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
It may feel impossible to overcome challenges that leave us feeling broken, scared, uncertain or confused. If this feels true to you, having someone to assist in finding a sense of wholeness, joy, and peace might just be what you need. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, licensed to practice in several states. I have experience working in a variety of mental health settings and have found peace as an outpatient therapist. In our work together, you can expect to be met with an alliance that promotes emotional safety, empathy, and compassion.
It may feel impossible to overcome challenges that leave us feeling broken, scared, uncertain or confused. If this feels true to you, having someone to assist in finding a sense of wholeness, joy, and peace might just be what you need. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, licensed to practice in several states. I have experience working in a variety of mental health settings and have found peace as an outpatient therapist. In our work together, you can expect to be met with an alliance that promotes emotional safety, empathy, and compassion.
(931) 910-2638 View (931) 910-2638
Photo of Mia Tyler, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mia Tyler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
It's completely normal to experience challenges in life, whether it's struggling with relationships, feeling overwhelmed, or dealing with work-related stress. Seeking therapy can provide a supportive and caring environment where you can openly explore your feelings and thoughts, gain valuable insights, and work towards personal growth. Throughout my career, I've had the honor of helping a wide range of individuals. I am pre-licensed in Tennessee and Michigan.
It's completely normal to experience challenges in life, whether it's struggling with relationships, feeling overwhelmed, or dealing with work-related stress. Seeking therapy can provide a supportive and caring environment where you can openly explore your feelings and thoughts, gain valuable insights, and work towards personal growth. Throughout my career, I've had the honor of helping a wide range of individuals. I am pre-licensed in Tennessee and Michigan.
(865) 518-8210 View (865) 518-8210
Photo of Hannah May, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah May
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel like you're in constant conflict with your spouse, a friend, or family member? Is it hard to express what you want in relationships, and you feel like you keep getting stuck? Relationships, whether with partners, children, family members, or friends, are often the source of our greatest joys and most painful heartaches. You want to enjoy your time with your favorite people. The first step is to understand and cope with your own needs and emotions so that you can learn to clearly express them to your loved ones and feel understood.
Do you feel like you're in constant conflict with your spouse, a friend, or family member? Is it hard to express what you want in relationships, and you feel like you keep getting stuck? Relationships, whether with partners, children, family members, or friends, are often the source of our greatest joys and most painful heartaches. You want to enjoy your time with your favorite people. The first step is to understand and cope with your own needs and emotions so that you can learn to clearly express them to your loved ones and feel understood.
(901) 665-0972 View (901) 665-0972
Photo of Raven O'Rourke, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Raven O'Rourke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
Are you a high achiever experiencing a sexuality-related conflict? Did a recent argument cross a line you said you never would? Are you frustrated with therapy sessions filled with trite phrases, artificial sentiments and clichés that don’t result in solutions? You spend your days seeing through others’ BS, so that shouldn’t be part of your therapy. We will talk openly and honestly about your history to help you find your footing and gain insight into the right next step for you. As a result of our partnership, you will have a plan to begin working towards achieving your goals.
Are you a high achiever experiencing a sexuality-related conflict? Did a recent argument cross a line you said you never would? Are you frustrated with therapy sessions filled with trite phrases, artificial sentiments and clichés that don’t result in solutions? You spend your days seeing through others’ BS, so that shouldn’t be part of your therapy. We will talk openly and honestly about your history to help you find your footing and gain insight into the right next step for you. As a result of our partnership, you will have a plan to begin working towards achieving your goals.
(615) 379-9850 View (615) 379-9850
Photo of Neil D. Beresin, MEd, BCC
Neil D. Beresin
MEd, BCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501
This loss knocked the wind out of you. You tell the world “I’m fine” but there is a part of you that knows you’re not. Intense sorrow invades everything you do. The stress to get through, to be strong, to not let others down, is immense—you're exhausted. Just last week you felt some relief for a brief moment, a flash of hope. Just as quickly it dissolved and you’re preoccupied with searing bleakness—again. It’s not too much to want a break from this unwanted & relentless heartache, and find a place of emotional rest. It’s not too much to really know that this will end & that there is a way in and through. Trust that you can do this.
This loss knocked the wind out of you. You tell the world “I’m fine” but there is a part of you that knows you’re not. Intense sorrow invades everything you do. The stress to get through, to be strong, to not let others down, is immense—you're exhausted. Just last week you felt some relief for a brief moment, a flash of hope. Just as quickly it dissolved and you’re preoccupied with searing bleakness—again. It’s not too much to want a break from this unwanted & relentless heartache, and find a place of emotional rest. It’s not too much to really know that this will end & that there is a way in and through. Trust that you can do this.
(215) 598-6256 View (215) 598-6256
Photo of Francine Owens - Owens Family Counseling, LCSW, RPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Owens Family Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
My goal is to assist you in therapy to help discover your true self, and lead you to a life worth celebrating. While no one can change difficult situations or experiences of the past, you and I can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapeutic approaches and techniques, I will help you change long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
My goal is to assist you in therapy to help discover your true self, and lead you to a life worth celebrating. While no one can change difficult situations or experiences of the past, you and I can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapeutic approaches and techniques, I will help you change long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(731) 257-2420 View (731) 257-2420
Photo of Liza Varlan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liza Varlan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 37501
Waitlist for new clients
I understand reaching out for help takes courage and bravery. In my practice, I hope to create a safe and empathetic space for all struggling with life’s challenges. I am passionate about helping clients reach balance in life after difficult events. I have 7 years experience providing therapy to adults and children who have experienced traumatic experiences.
I understand reaching out for help takes courage and bravery. In my practice, I hope to create a safe and empathetic space for all struggling with life’s challenges. I am passionate about helping clients reach balance in life after difficult events. I have 7 years experience providing therapy to adults and children who have experienced traumatic experiences.
(865) 217-2745 View (865) 217-2745
Photo of Jessie Gaines Osborn, LPCMHSP, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessie Gaines Osborn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, MS
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501
Not accepting new clients
I have a passion to help people find hope and healing through their difficult times in life. I want people to know that they are not alone, as well as to feel like they are heard and can be understood. I like to work from a holistic point of view by incorporating your mind, body and soul into the healing process. I want to help people take back control over their thoughts and help them to express themselves in a safe environment. I want to help people learn to love themselves again and feel a connection from the healing process. I believe that we were made to grow in life by working together and learning from one another.
I have a passion to help people find hope and healing through their difficult times in life. I want people to know that they are not alone, as well as to feel like they are heard and can be understood. I like to work from a holistic point of view by incorporating your mind, body and soul into the healing process. I want to help people take back control over their thoughts and help them to express themselves in a safe environment. I want to help people learn to love themselves again and feel a connection from the healing process. I believe that we were made to grow in life by working together and learning from one another.
(901) 586-0477 View (901) 586-0477
Photo of Cathy Tanner, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cathy Tanner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 37501  (Online Only)
I provide my clients with a safe, inclusive, judgment-free space to express feelings, fears, memories, thoughts and aspirations. I work with clients to enhance self-acceptance and self-esteem with the Rogerian-based principles of empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard. I teach mindfulness and positive coping skills in order to enhance inner peace.
I provide my clients with a safe, inclusive, judgment-free space to express feelings, fears, memories, thoughts and aspirations. I work with clients to enhance self-acceptance and self-esteem with the Rogerian-based principles of empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard. I teach mindfulness and positive coping skills in order to enhance inner peace.
(731) 220-7724 View (731) 220-7724

See more therapy options for 37501

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 37501

30+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 37501 who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
91% Depression
85% Self Esteem
73% Life Transitions
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 37501 see their clients

57% Online Only
43% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 37501?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.