Photo of Sara Bowman, ALC, NCC, Counselor
Sara Bowman
Counselor, ALC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
I am a trauma-trained counselor in the Birmingham, AL area. I enjoy working with clients of all ages. I am pursuing the Registered Play Therapist certification and I have training and education in play therapy for my clients ages 3-10. I also have training in Emotionally Focused Therapy (couples) and I am Prepare/Enriched certified to work with pre-marital couples. My clients' struggles range from relationship issues to anxiety and depression, trauma, family of origin issues, and more. Regardless of the age or concern of my clients, I believe true and lasting healing happens in the safety of authentic relationship.
I am a trauma-trained counselor in the Birmingham, AL area. I enjoy working with clients of all ages. I am pursuing the Registered Play Therapist certification and I have training and education in play therapy for my clients ages 3-10. I also have training in Emotionally Focused Therapy (couples) and I am Prepare/Enriched certified to work with pre-marital couples. My clients' struggles range from relationship issues to anxiety and depression, trauma, family of origin issues, and more. Regardless of the age or concern of my clients, I believe true and lasting healing happens in the safety of authentic relationship.
(205) 576-0495 View (205) 576-0495
Photo of Mary Elizabeth Akinaka, LPC-S, CEDS-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Elizabeth Akinaka
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242  (Online Only)
The world can be a challenging place and sometimes we just need a non-biased ear to listen and aid in navigating the journey. I believe my role as a therapist is to walk along side you in your struggles. I have almost a decade of experience working with individuals from all walks of life who are utilizing maladaptive coping skills as a way to make it through. I am here to help carry the hope for a life where those are no longer needed.
The world can be a challenging place and sometimes we just need a non-biased ear to listen and aid in navigating the journey. I believe my role as a therapist is to walk along side you in your struggles. I have almost a decade of experience working with individuals from all walks of life who are utilizing maladaptive coping skills as a way to make it through. I am here to help carry the hope for a life where those are no longer needed.
(205) 883-9418 View (205) 883-9418
Photo of Emily Johnston, MS, ALC, Counselor
Emily Johnston
Counselor, MS, ALC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
I have the privilege of working with children (12+) and adults who are navigating various challenges in their lives. I am certified in Brainspotting, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) Therapy, and Neurofeedback. I have a particular interest in OCD, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, and mood disorders. At the core of my counseling philosophy lies a balance between empathy and challenge. With deep compassion, I believe that every feeling is valid, though I also understand that not all emotions lead to a fulfilling life without thoughtful exploration and intention.
I have the privilege of working with children (12+) and adults who are navigating various challenges in their lives. I am certified in Brainspotting, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) Therapy, and Neurofeedback. I have a particular interest in OCD, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, and mood disorders. At the core of my counseling philosophy lies a balance between empathy and challenge. With deep compassion, I believe that every feeling is valid, though I also understand that not all emotions lead to a fulfilling life without thoughtful exploration and intention.
(205) 858-9312 View (205) 858-9312
Photo of Tal Prince, LPC, CSAT, CPTT, EMDR, NCC, Counselor
Tal Prince
Counselor, LPC, CSAT, CPTT, EMDR, NCC
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
Are you struggling with addiction, or loving someone that is? Are you worn out from the chaos, frustration and despair of it all? Those long frustrating days of despair and isolation do not have to be a death sentence. There is help and hope available! At Insights Counseling Center, you will not be met with judgment or surprise. We understand because we have been there. To help
Are you struggling with addiction, or loving someone that is? Are you worn out from the chaos, frustration and despair of it all? Those long frustrating days of despair and isolation do not have to be a death sentence. There is help and hope available! At Insights Counseling Center, you will not be met with judgment or surprise. We understand because we have been there. To help
(205) 390-1699 View (205) 390-1699
Photo of Carmellia Evans - Euphoric Counseling & Consulting, LLC, MS, ALC, CTMHS, Counselor
Euphoric Counseling & Consulting, LLC
Counselor, MS, ALC, CTMHS
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
Warm welcome to Euphoric Counseling and Consulting. I am Carmellia S., Evans and would love to work with you as you grow and flourish through life. I aspire to understand and empathize with your unique perspective. My approach is based on authenticity, empathy, and collaboration to suit your specific needs. I aim to inspire and empower clients to overcome life’s challenges, reach their goals, and build healthy relationships at home, work, and in the community.
Warm welcome to Euphoric Counseling and Consulting. I am Carmellia S., Evans and would love to work with you as you grow and flourish through life. I aspire to understand and empathize with your unique perspective. My approach is based on authenticity, empathy, and collaboration to suit your specific needs. I aim to inspire and empower clients to overcome life’s challenges, reach their goals, and build healthy relationships at home, work, and in the community.
(659) 251-8512 View (659) 251-8512
Photo of Miranda Marcano, MEd, ALC, NCC, Counselor
Miranda Marcano
Counselor, MEd, ALC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
Hey there! I'm Miranda Marcano, and I'm so happy you found your way here. I got my M.Ed. in Counseling at the University of Montevallo. I am an Associate Licensed Counselor currently working towards my registered play therapy credential. I have been married to my husband for 14 years and I'm also a proud Momma to two amazing kiddos, one of whom has special needs. I completely understand the importance of finding a therapist who truly gets you, and I'm here to create a safe and understanding space for you. I take an eclectic approach to therapy, meaning we can tailor our sessions to find what works best for you.
Hey there! I'm Miranda Marcano, and I'm so happy you found your way here. I got my M.Ed. in Counseling at the University of Montevallo. I am an Associate Licensed Counselor currently working towards my registered play therapy credential. I have been married to my husband for 14 years and I'm also a proud Momma to two amazing kiddos, one of whom has special needs. I completely understand the importance of finding a therapist who truly gets you, and I'm here to create a safe and understanding space for you. I take an eclectic approach to therapy, meaning we can tailor our sessions to find what works best for you.
(205) 772-5743 View (205) 772-5743
Photo of Kathryn Strickland Abs Sex Therapist, MEd, LPC, ABS, Counselor
Kathryn Strickland Abs Sex Therapist
Counselor, MEd, LPC, ABS
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
Are you and your relationship struggling due to sexual issues. These sensitive subjects can be difficult to talk about and even harder to find the right therapist for. I specialize in helping individuals through sexual issues of all kinds, including but not limited to: ED, Desire discrepancy, pelvic pain, sexual aversion, sexual trauma, low libido, out of control sexual behavior, negative impacts of pornography and technology, medical sexual dysfunction, and more. Don't let sexual problems stop you from having the life and relationships you desire.
Are you and your relationship struggling due to sexual issues. These sensitive subjects can be difficult to talk about and even harder to find the right therapist for. I specialize in helping individuals through sexual issues of all kinds, including but not limited to: ED, Desire discrepancy, pelvic pain, sexual aversion, sexual trauma, low libido, out of control sexual behavior, negative impacts of pornography and technology, medical sexual dysfunction, and more. Don't let sexual problems stop you from having the life and relationships you desire.
(205) 619-1526 View (205) 619-1526
Photo of Donna Sisson, LPC, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Donna Sisson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
Life can be challenging. At one time or another, we all confront a problem we don't want to face alone. Often, it's a dilemma in which our usual solutions don't work, and we can't seem to come up with new strategies that do.
Life can be challenging. At one time or another, we all confront a problem we don't want to face alone. Often, it's a dilemma in which our usual solutions don't work, and we can't seem to come up with new strategies that do.
(205) 351-0323 View (205) 351-0323
Photo of Dr. Ebonee Lyons, FNP-BC
Dr. Ebonee Lyons
FNP-BC
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
I manage medications for individuals with anxiety or depression, new patients exploring medication for mental health, and those needing prescription renewals. NOTE: I do not provide therapy/counseling sessions.
I manage medications for individuals with anxiety or depression, new patients exploring medication for mental health, and those needing prescription renewals. NOTE: I do not provide therapy/counseling sessions.
(205) 710-9347 View (205) 710-9347
Photo of Ruth M Ceneus -  Counseling God's Way LLC/Rev. Ruth Ceneus, MA, LPCTC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Counseling God's Way LLC/Rev. Ruth Ceneus
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCTC, LPC
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
Have you been cheated on? You're feeling depressed. Can't sleep and can't tell anyone. You want things to return to normal. Is this challenging world threatens your faith & your relationship? Have you brought it up to the Lord Jesus? Do you have disagreements often with your loved ones? Do you hoard stuff and you're sick & tired of them? Are you looking for direction? I am a listener, compassionate believer in Jesus Christ, fully committed to helping individuals, family, & heterosexual couples who want to live a happy & free life. I can help you & your spouse solve most issues you're facing. The emotional rollercoaster can end soon.
Have you been cheated on? You're feeling depressed. Can't sleep and can't tell anyone. You want things to return to normal. Is this challenging world threatens your faith & your relationship? Have you brought it up to the Lord Jesus? Do you have disagreements often with your loved ones? Do you hoard stuff and you're sick & tired of them? Are you looking for direction? I am a listener, compassionate believer in Jesus Christ, fully committed to helping individuals, family, & heterosexual couples who want to live a happy & free life. I can help you & your spouse solve most issues you're facing. The emotional rollercoaster can end soon.
(205) 224-0695 View (205) 224-0695
Photo of Teresa Prince, MA, NCC, LPC, BCN, ASAT, Counselor
Teresa Prince
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, BCN, ASAT
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
Are you struggling with addiction, or loving someone who is? Are you worn out from the chaos and despair of it all? Despair and isolation does not have to be your new normal. I have navigated the chaos and confusion of betrayal and worked through the process of rebuilding my marriage. I started counseling years ago to fix my husband and discovered the real me in the process and found a place of great hope, purpose, & freedom. Today I work with couples to design and rebuild the marriage of their dreams. There is nothing that scares me in the marriage therapy work if both partners are willing to prioritize their relationship.
Are you struggling with addiction, or loving someone who is? Are you worn out from the chaos and despair of it all? Despair and isolation does not have to be your new normal. I have navigated the chaos and confusion of betrayal and worked through the process of rebuilding my marriage. I started counseling years ago to fix my husband and discovered the real me in the process and found a place of great hope, purpose, & freedom. Today I work with couples to design and rebuild the marriage of their dreams. There is nothing that scares me in the marriage therapy work if both partners are willing to prioritize their relationship.
(205) 272-5642 View (205) 272-5642
Photo of Susan C Kirkland - Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services,LLC, M Ed, ALC, Counselor
Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services,LLC
Counselor, M Ed, ALC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
Have you felt that waking up every morning has become difficult? The day to day tasks appear to be mountains that you must climb. You do not have to go through this alone. Our services are designed to meet the various mental health needs of adolescents, young adults, and women as you navigate the trials of life. Take the first step by taking care of you. Here at Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services, you will be with someone that will allow you to breathe and assist you by using therapeutic strategies to improve your mental health and who will be with you when those conversations become difficult but necessary.
Have you felt that waking up every morning has become difficult? The day to day tasks appear to be mountains that you must climb. You do not have to go through this alone. Our services are designed to meet the various mental health needs of adolescents, young adults, and women as you navigate the trials of life. Take the first step by taking care of you. Here at Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services, you will be with someone that will allow you to breathe and assist you by using therapeutic strategies to improve your mental health and who will be with you when those conversations become difficult but necessary.
(205) 883-2466 View (205) 883-2466
Photo of Amanda Pratt, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Pratt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Perhaps you've been recently diagnosed with a long term illness or you've had symptoms for so long you don’t recognize yourself anymore. You know these health struggles are somehow behind your depressed and anxious feelings, and you feel alone…like no one understands. Right now, you may have more questions than answers, but one thing you know for sure is that you’d do anything to get your life back. You grieve for the person you used to be and find it hard to imagine yourself living a worthwhile life with this illness trying to drag you down every chance it gets. (Due to demand, I ONLY accept clients with chronic illness concerns)
Perhaps you've been recently diagnosed with a long term illness or you've had symptoms for so long you don’t recognize yourself anymore. You know these health struggles are somehow behind your depressed and anxious feelings, and you feel alone…like no one understands. Right now, you may have more questions than answers, but one thing you know for sure is that you’d do anything to get your life back. You grieve for the person you used to be and find it hard to imagine yourself living a worthwhile life with this illness trying to drag you down every chance it gets. (Due to demand, I ONLY accept clients with chronic illness concerns)
(727) 353-0729 View (727) 353-0729
Photo of Sara Cook Warner, MA, ALC, APTT, Counselor
Sara Cook Warner
Counselor, MA, ALC, APTT
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
There is so much beauty in being honest and vulnerable. As a therapist, it is a privilege to be able to create a safe space for my clients—a space that gives them an opportunity to build strength, awareness, and resilience. Seeking therapy does not indicate failure or brokenness and I would be honored to walk alongside you as you navigate your life journey. I specialize in trauma, grief, depression, and anxiety of all ages. I have certifications in Brainspotting, EMDR and TF-CBT. I am also an Associate Partner Trauma Therapist through IITAP which enables me to help betrayed partners navigating betrayal trauma.
There is so much beauty in being honest and vulnerable. As a therapist, it is a privilege to be able to create a safe space for my clients—a space that gives them an opportunity to build strength, awareness, and resilience. Seeking therapy does not indicate failure or brokenness and I would be honored to walk alongside you as you navigate your life journey. I specialize in trauma, grief, depression, and anxiety of all ages. I have certifications in Brainspotting, EMDR and TF-CBT. I am also an Associate Partner Trauma Therapist through IITAP which enables me to help betrayed partners navigating betrayal trauma.
(205) 662-2888 View (205) 662-2888
Photo of Shannon Cress - Lifeline Counseling at Lifeline Children's Service, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lifeline Counseling at Lifeline Children's Service
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
Adopting or fostering comes with many challenges. Families go into it excited about the child they will love and care for, and it is common to experience many challenges in loving a child from a hard place. Children placed for adoption or in foster care have experienced a great deal of loss. This leaves them dealing with pain on a deep level. Families often feel guilty or like they haven't been good parents if their child experiences attachment difficulties. But the truth is that it would be weird if they didn't based on their life experiences. These issues are complex and multi-layered, often involving the entire family system.
Adopting or fostering comes with many challenges. Families go into it excited about the child they will love and care for, and it is common to experience many challenges in loving a child from a hard place. Children placed for adoption or in foster care have experienced a great deal of loss. This leaves them dealing with pain on a deep level. Families often feel guilty or like they haven't been good parents if their child experiences attachment difficulties. But the truth is that it would be weird if they didn't based on their life experiences. These issues are complex and multi-layered, often involving the entire family system.
(205) 967-0811 View (205) 967-0811
Photo of David James Tucker, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
David James Tucker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
It’s not working anymore. Maybe your relationships end up chaotic, maybe you are struggling to be happy, or maybe you have lost meaning in your life. Whatever it is, as hard and long as you have tried, maybe you can’t figure out how to fix it? I’ve been there in that dark place, and I found someone who was able to help me. I’d like to be that person for you. I’ve spent several years studying the pain people go through, and I’ve had my fair share. You won’t experience judgement, shock, or surprise. I am in recovery, and I am able to live life on life’s terms. Things can change, and hope is here for you.
It’s not working anymore. Maybe your relationships end up chaotic, maybe you are struggling to be happy, or maybe you have lost meaning in your life. Whatever it is, as hard and long as you have tried, maybe you can’t figure out how to fix it? I’ve been there in that dark place, and I found someone who was able to help me. I’d like to be that person for you. I’ve spent several years studying the pain people go through, and I’ve had my fair share. You won’t experience judgement, shock, or surprise. I am in recovery, and I am able to live life on life’s terms. Things can change, and hope is here for you.
(205) 964-9239 View (205) 964-9239
Photo of Brittany Cockrum, LPC, MA, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany Cockrum
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
Thank you for taking a moment to consider me for your counseling needs! I'm a counselor that specializes in children and adolescents, but has a wide scope of experience, ranging from severe mental illness, to parenting, to women's empowerment, and grief. I believe that the best counseling experience is derived when a person feels empowered enough to challenge their own comfort zone and explore their vulnerability, and I actively work to be the counselor that a client can do that with.
Thank you for taking a moment to consider me for your counseling needs! I'm a counselor that specializes in children and adolescents, but has a wide scope of experience, ranging from severe mental illness, to parenting, to women's empowerment, and grief. I believe that the best counseling experience is derived when a person feels empowered enough to challenge their own comfort zone and explore their vulnerability, and I actively work to be the counselor that a client can do that with.
(205) 964-6114 View (205) 964-6114
Photo of Samantha Adams, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Samantha Adams
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
I aim to serve individuals, couples, and families who desire understanding, healing, and healthier, deeper relationships. I have a background working with individuals with eating disorders, addiction, and general trauma, as well as experience working with couples and families suffering from relationship issues such as disconnection, infidelity, addiction, and trauma.
I aim to serve individuals, couples, and families who desire understanding, healing, and healthier, deeper relationships. I have a background working with individuals with eating disorders, addiction, and general trauma, as well as experience working with couples and families suffering from relationship issues such as disconnection, infidelity, addiction, and trauma.
(205) 850-1831 View (205) 850-1831
Photo of James Talbert Prince - Insights Counseling Center, LLC, MA, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Insights Counseling Center, LLC
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35242
We are a highly trained team of talented and compassionate therapists working together to bring the latest treatment and technology to individuals, couples and families dealing with the impact and wreckage of betrayal, sex and pornography addiction, and unresolved emotional trauma.
We are a highly trained team of talented and compassionate therapists working together to bring the latest treatment and technology to individuals, couples and families dealing with the impact and wreckage of betrayal, sex and pornography addiction, and unresolved emotional trauma.
(205) 651-2927 View (205) 651-2927
Photo of Courtney Benjamin - Benjamin Counseling and Consulting, LLC, MA, LPC-S, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Benjamin Counseling and Consulting, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, PMH-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
I believe that people are born with enormous potential! That said, sometimes situations occur in our lives which directly or indirectly impact the pace at which we may reach that potential. When people are able to identify at what point they stopped being an author in their lives, they can go back, pick up the pen, and begin re-writing their story. I bring an eclectic approach in moving us forward (EFT, DBT, CBT, among others) in consideration of identified goals. I regularly serve therapists, bariatric clients, men/women with perinatal struggles, couples, and individuals struggling with anxiety/OCD and/or depression, among others.
I believe that people are born with enormous potential! That said, sometimes situations occur in our lives which directly or indirectly impact the pace at which we may reach that potential. When people are able to identify at what point they stopped being an author in their lives, they can go back, pick up the pen, and begin re-writing their story. I bring an eclectic approach in moving us forward (EFT, DBT, CBT, among others) in consideration of identified goals. I regularly serve therapists, bariatric clients, men/women with perinatal struggles, couples, and individuals struggling with anxiety/OCD and/or depression, among others.
(205) 538-0244 View (205) 538-0244

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 35242

100+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in 35242 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
83% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
66% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
47% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
42% New Directions | Lucet

How Therapists in 35242 see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 35242?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.