Photo of undefined - Millennial Therapy, LMHC, CST, Counselor
Millennial Therapy
Counselor, LMHC, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203
Are you concerned about your sex life? As a sex therapist, I am passionate about helping clients navigate identity, relationships, or behaviors related to sex.
Are you concerned about your sex life? As a sex therapist, I am passionate about helping clients navigate identity, relationships, or behaviors related to sex.
(803) 615-5520 View (803) 615-5520
Photo of Katrina Dewberry, MS, LPC, NCC, CGP, CSAM, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katrina Dewberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CGP, CSAM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203
Goal setting/Confidence/Self-Esteem/Life Skills- Life Coaching Available Grief/Loss/Bereavement-Certified Grief Professional. Mandated ANGER Management - Certified Specialist Anger Management Anxiety/Depression/PTSD/ADHD + more. -The Change you Want to see Must first begin with You. You Can Gain: Hope, coping skills, cognitive restructuring, self-efficacy, support, healing, CHANGE
Goal setting/Confidence/Self-Esteem/Life Skills- Life Coaching Available Grief/Loss/Bereavement-Certified Grief Professional. Mandated ANGER Management - Certified Specialist Anger Management Anxiety/Depression/PTSD/ADHD + more. -The Change you Want to see Must first begin with You. You Can Gain: Hope, coping skills, cognitive restructuring, self-efficacy, support, healing, CHANGE
(803) 219-9952 View (803) 219-9952
Photo of Jasmine Doxie, EdS, LPCS/C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jasmine Doxie
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPCS/C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
Welcome name is Jasmine! I specialize in helping clients rewrite the toxic narratives created by trauma, self-doubt, and relationships. I worked within the behavioral and mental health fields for approx. 10 years; with emphasis and specialized training in marriage, family, and couples' therapy, as well as, childhood and family based trauma. I enjoy helping people free themselves from the chaos and shame that come from maintaining unproductive thought patterns, defeated sense of self, and hypercritical expectations from themselves and others. Allow me to join you as you take back your narrative, and become your most authentic self.
Welcome name is Jasmine! I specialize in helping clients rewrite the toxic narratives created by trauma, self-doubt, and relationships. I worked within the behavioral and mental health fields for approx. 10 years; with emphasis and specialized training in marriage, family, and couples' therapy, as well as, childhood and family based trauma. I enjoy helping people free themselves from the chaos and shame that come from maintaining unproductive thought patterns, defeated sense of self, and hypercritical expectations from themselves and others. Allow me to join you as you take back your narrative, and become your most authentic self.
(803) 258-5693 View (803) 258-5693
Photo of Tammy Lavette Mackins-Hill, MA, LPCS, LAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tammy Lavette Mackins-Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCS, LAC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
I believe each client is unique and different and should be exposed to a powerful individual experience in the therapeutic process. Every client possesses strengths and abilities and as a therapist I assist them in identifying and implementing their strengths and abilities to help transcend positive healthy balance and change within in lives. As a LPCS that specializes in substance abuse, dual diagnosis, and depression. I utilized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to teach individuals how to recognize moods, thoughts, and situations that stimulate unwanted emotions.
I believe each client is unique and different and should be exposed to a powerful individual experience in the therapeutic process. Every client possesses strengths and abilities and as a therapist I assist them in identifying and implementing their strengths and abilities to help transcend positive healthy balance and change within in lives. As a LPCS that specializes in substance abuse, dual diagnosis, and depression. I utilized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to teach individuals how to recognize moods, thoughts, and situations that stimulate unwanted emotions.
(803) 471-4915 View (803) 471-4915
Photo of Leah R Denman, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Leah R Denman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203
As a Counselor, I have experience working with individuals who deal with anxiety, depression, ADHD, relationship stress, and other mood disorders. My counseling style can be described as Cognitive Behavioral with an emphasis on being authentic in the counseling relationship. I try to make counseling a safe place for everyone and enjoy helping people grow.
As a Counselor, I have experience working with individuals who deal with anxiety, depression, ADHD, relationship stress, and other mood disorders. My counseling style can be described as Cognitive Behavioral with an emphasis on being authentic in the counseling relationship. I try to make counseling a safe place for everyone and enjoy helping people grow.
(803) 797-0683 View (803) 797-0683
Photo of Catherine M Mishoe, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Catherine M Mishoe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
My focus is on helping you and/or your family reach your goals and helping you see obstacles as stepping stones that can be conquered. My approach to therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and behaviors. If your life is not going the way you want it to or you are going through a particularly stressful situation, please contact me. I am ready, willing and able to help you.
My focus is on helping you and/or your family reach your goals and helping you see obstacles as stepping stones that can be conquered. My approach to therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and behaviors. If your life is not going the way you want it to or you are going through a particularly stressful situation, please contact me. I am ready, willing and able to help you.
(843) 606-1575 View (843) 606-1575
Photo of undefined - Open Minds Therapy, LLC., LCSW, CAADC, LISW-CP, LICSW, CSTIP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Open Minds Therapy, LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC, LISW-CP, LICSW, CSTIP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
Meet Kevin, a Middle Eastern, LGBTQIA2S+ therapist, with a wealth of qualifications in counseling and therapy. As a certified substance use counselor, Certified Sex-Informed Therapist, trained in EFT Tapping, and an EMDR-trained clinician, Kevin possesses a diverse skill set to aid individuals on their journey towards healthier living. Holding licenses as a Clinical Social Worker in South Carolina, Delaware, and Vermont, Kevin is well-equipped to provide compassionate guidance to many clients. Kevin's practice embraces diversity and inclusivity, welcoming individuals from all walks of life, including LGBTQ+ communities.
Meet Kevin, a Middle Eastern, LGBTQIA2S+ therapist, with a wealth of qualifications in counseling and therapy. As a certified substance use counselor, Certified Sex-Informed Therapist, trained in EFT Tapping, and an EMDR-trained clinician, Kevin possesses a diverse skill set to aid individuals on their journey towards healthier living. Holding licenses as a Clinical Social Worker in South Carolina, Delaware, and Vermont, Kevin is well-equipped to provide compassionate guidance to many clients. Kevin's practice embraces diversity and inclusivity, welcoming individuals from all walks of life, including LGBTQ+ communities.
(302) 564-2593 View (302) 564-2593
Photo of Francis Paul Segedin, PhD, LPC, Counselor
Francis Paul Segedin
Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
Dr. Segedin received his Ph.D. from the University of Wyoming in counselor education and supervision. He received his Master of Arts degree in counseling from Ball State University. He has a wide variety of experience working with children, individuals, couples, and families. Counseling is a process in which change can take place as the client sets their goals in a user friendly environment where empowerment, collaboration, and growth can take place.
Dr. Segedin received his Ph.D. from the University of Wyoming in counselor education and supervision. He received his Master of Arts degree in counseling from Ball State University. He has a wide variety of experience working with children, individuals, couples, and families. Counseling is a process in which change can take place as the client sets their goals in a user friendly environment where empowerment, collaboration, and growth can take place.
(803) 266-1343 View (803) 266-1343
Photo of Bonnie J Montgomery, PhD, Psychologist
Bonnie J Montgomery
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
Do you feel the demands and responsibilities of life take a toll on your relationships and the ability to get the most out of life? Finding satisfaction and fulfillment with your partner or in your career can be a journey, not an overnight trip. The better prepared you are with the right tools, the more likely you are to reach your preferred destination. I can help you identify the obstacles along the path to personal and professional happiness and help you identify a roadmap to success.
Do you feel the demands and responsibilities of life take a toll on your relationships and the ability to get the most out of life? Finding satisfaction and fulfillment with your partner or in your career can be a journey, not an overnight trip. The better prepared you are with the right tools, the more likely you are to reach your preferred destination. I can help you identify the obstacles along the path to personal and professional happiness and help you identify a roadmap to success.
(803) 610-2136 View (803) 610-2136
Photo of Veronda Bellamy, LCMHCS, NCC, MS, LPC
Veronda Bellamy
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHCS, NCC, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
I am honored to be of service to you. I know that trauma and substance abuse and addiction can wreak havoc in one's life. Many of client's find themselves faced with challenges of having to restart their lives during mental challenges and addiction; some may have to fight to regain custody of their children; many of them have co-occurring mental illness that has lead to substance abuse and/or addiction. For some, addiction comes by way of biological, environmental, and social influences, but from my experience, I have learned that mental illness was present before addiction became a factor. Take Control Today!
I am honored to be of service to you. I know that trauma and substance abuse and addiction can wreak havoc in one's life. Many of client's find themselves faced with challenges of having to restart their lives during mental challenges and addiction; some may have to fight to regain custody of their children; many of them have co-occurring mental illness that has lead to substance abuse and/or addiction. For some, addiction comes by way of biological, environmental, and social influences, but from my experience, I have learned that mental illness was present before addiction became a factor. Take Control Today!
(704) 243-9316 View (704) 243-9316
Photo of undefined - Comprehensive Psychological Services, LLC, PhD, Psychologist
Comprehensive Psychological Services, LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
Welcome! At Comprehensive Psychological Services, we specialize in conducting a broad range of diagnostic evaluations for clinical, educational, disability, civil and criminal forensic purposes and for treatment planning. In order to be objective, thorough, and expedient, we use a battery of psychological tests, customized for the client's needs. We serve individuals and organizations in the private and public sectors. Additionally, we provide expert witness testimony. Additional services include presentation at seminars for psychological services pertaining to Family Court and Law Enforcement professionals.
Welcome! At Comprehensive Psychological Services, we specialize in conducting a broad range of diagnostic evaluations for clinical, educational, disability, civil and criminal forensic purposes and for treatment planning. In order to be objective, thorough, and expedient, we use a battery of psychological tests, customized for the client's needs. We serve individuals and organizations in the private and public sectors. Additionally, we provide expert witness testimony. Additional services include presentation at seminars for psychological services pertaining to Family Court and Law Enforcement professionals.
(803) 489-8365 View (803) 489-8365
Photo of Kristi G Clements, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristi G Clements
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203
Waitlist for new clients
Email for waitlist! Especially now, being a human is just difficult some days. I love to come alongside my clients to help them find a healthier way to function. I have experience in a variety of treatment environments that range from a multilevel treatment program to private practice. I truly desire full vitality for all of my clients and that is our main goal in session and overall treatment. I cater to the needs of each client and work toward health in all areas of life with clients - emotional, relational, mental, physical and spiritual!
Email for waitlist! Especially now, being a human is just difficult some days. I love to come alongside my clients to help them find a healthier way to function. I have experience in a variety of treatment environments that range from a multilevel treatment program to private practice. I truly desire full vitality for all of my clients and that is our main goal in session and overall treatment. I cater to the needs of each client and work toward health in all areas of life with clients - emotional, relational, mental, physical and spiritual!
(803) 753-8864 View (803) 753-8864
Photo of Jessica Crolley Slovensky, MEd, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH, NBCCH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Crolley Slovensky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH, NBCCH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
We all face distress in our lives at some point. Often times we struggle with understanding how we came to be in this state of confusion or emotional pain. With an objective and gentle approach, counseling can help you uncover potentially hidden reasons for some of what might be creating this distress. Counseling can also offer you new insight and new skills to address your specific challenge. I offer you a safe, confidential place in which you can share your deepest pain and propose your most challenging questions. Begin the process of growth & healing today. You are worth it!
We all face distress in our lives at some point. Often times we struggle with understanding how we came to be in this state of confusion or emotional pain. With an objective and gentle approach, counseling can help you uncover potentially hidden reasons for some of what might be creating this distress. Counseling can also offer you new insight and new skills to address your specific challenge. I offer you a safe, confidential place in which you can share your deepest pain and propose your most challenging questions. Begin the process of growth & healing today. You are worth it!
(404) 994-6079 View (404) 994-6079
Photo of Jessica Jarman Hayes, MEd, LMHC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Jarman Hayes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203
I specialize in working with the LGBTQIA+ community because I am part of that community. You should never have to educate, defend or explain your identity to your therapist and you should never have to worry about having that identity invalidated. You are more than your gender and orientation but those identities need to be affirmed. My focus as your therapist is to give you the tools you need to have just one day where you are not overwhelmed with anxiety, fear, shame- whatever it is that feels like it's consuming you. One day where you can wake up in the morning and live. Then, I want to help you make that one day every day.
I specialize in working with the LGBTQIA+ community because I am part of that community. You should never have to educate, defend or explain your identity to your therapist and you should never have to worry about having that identity invalidated. You are more than your gender and orientation but those identities need to be affirmed. My focus as your therapist is to give you the tools you need to have just one day where you are not overwhelmed with anxiety, fear, shame- whatever it is that feels like it's consuming you. One day where you can wake up in the morning and live. Then, I want to help you make that one day every day.
(803) 832-4352 View (803) 832-4352
Photo of Susan E Boykin, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan E Boykin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
Susan Boykin is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with over 40 years of experience in helping people live a fulfilling life. Susan completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology at Drew University and her Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) at the University of South Carolina. Personal life experiences and years of practice have made her a seasoned therapist.
Susan Boykin is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with over 40 years of experience in helping people live a fulfilling life. Susan completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology at Drew University and her Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) at the University of South Carolina. Personal life experiences and years of practice have made her a seasoned therapist.
(803) 921-8887 View (803) 921-8887
Photo of Melissa Miller, PsyD, Psychologist
Melissa Miller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
Dr. Melissa Miller is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in South Carolina. She earned her B.A. in Psychology from California State University, Northridge in 2002, and her Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology in Los Angeles in 2007. Dr. Miller completed her doctoral project on Asperger's Syndrome in Adulthood: Diagnosis and Treatment in 2007 and provided training for licensed professionals in the subject of autism identification and treatment strategies. Dr. Miller currently provides therapeutic services and psychological evaluations.
Dr. Melissa Miller is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in South Carolina. She earned her B.A. in Psychology from California State University, Northridge in 2002, and her Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology in Los Angeles in 2007. Dr. Miller completed her doctoral project on Asperger's Syndrome in Adulthood: Diagnosis and Treatment in 2007 and provided training for licensed professionals in the subject of autism identification and treatment strategies. Dr. Miller currently provides therapeutic services and psychological evaluations.
(803) 592-9007 View (803) 592-9007
Photo of Joanne Schrock, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joanne Schrock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
Joanne Schrock is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 5 years of experience working with individuals in an inpatient behavioral health unit as well as a counselor in an emergency room setting. Additionally, she has provided telehealth to individuals with a variety of behavioral health challenges such as depression, anxiety, and grief. Additionally, she has worked with people on the autism spectrum and people with developmental disabilities for over 30 years.
Joanne Schrock is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 5 years of experience working with individuals in an inpatient behavioral health unit as well as a counselor in an emergency room setting. Additionally, she has provided telehealth to individuals with a variety of behavioral health challenges such as depression, anxiety, and grief. Additionally, she has worked with people on the autism spectrum and people with developmental disabilities for over 30 years.
(803) 373-9242 View (803) 373-9242
Photo of Haley Holm, PhD, Psychologist
Haley Holm
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
Dr. Haley B. Holm is a Psychologist in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2023. She completed her Doctoral Degree Program from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, her Doctoral Internship from Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, and her Postdoctoral Fellowship from Emory University/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Dr. Holm assesses concerns with children's development, thinking, learning, and overall functioning. Her patient population includes infants, toddlers, school-age children/adolescents, and young adults.
Dr. Haley B. Holm is a Psychologist in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2023. She completed her Doctoral Degree Program from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, her Doctoral Internship from Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, and her Postdoctoral Fellowship from Emory University/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Dr. Holm assesses concerns with children's development, thinking, learning, and overall functioning. Her patient population includes infants, toddlers, school-age children/adolescents, and young adults.
(803) 921-9801 View (803) 921-9801
Photo of Dana Gates, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dana Gates
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
The people I see tend to have one thing in common. Suffering. This suffering can present itself as depression, anxiety, mood swings, and addiction, all of which negatively impact our lives and the lives of those around us. One thing these issues have in common are feelings and emotions. What would your life look like if emotions like dread, sadness, anxiety, or anger were not controlling you? My goal is to help you learn to get control of your mind and emotions so that you can build the life that you want for yourself.
The people I see tend to have one thing in common. Suffering. This suffering can present itself as depression, anxiety, mood swings, and addiction, all of which negatively impact our lives and the lives of those around us. One thing these issues have in common are feelings and emotions. What would your life look like if emotions like dread, sadness, anxiety, or anger were not controlling you? My goal is to help you learn to get control of your mind and emotions so that you can build the life that you want for yourself.
(803) 887-3110 View (803) 887-3110
Photo of Annie Old, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annie Old
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
Annie Old is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker-Clinical Practice in South Carolina who has been practicing since 1996. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Social Work, as well as a Master of Science in Social Work from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Annie has been a clinician since 1996 after graduating with her Master's degree in Social Work. She utilizes cognitive behavioral therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Annie enjoys working with a multitude of clients, ages 10 and older.
Annie Old is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker-Clinical Practice in South Carolina who has been practicing since 1996. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Social Work, as well as a Master of Science in Social Work from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Annie has been a clinician since 1996 after graduating with her Master's degree in Social Work. She utilizes cognitive behavioral therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Annie enjoys working with a multitude of clients, ages 10 and older.
(803) 721-4496 View (803) 721-4496

See more therapy options for 29203

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 29203

40+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 29203 who prioritize treating:

87% Anxiety
74% Depression
65% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
65% Self Esteem
63% Relationship Issues
59% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Cigna and Evernorth
78% Aetna
69% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 29203 see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

70% Female
28% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 29203?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.