Photo of James Dayton Olsen, LPC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
James Dayton Olsen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
I am a young therapist, and I am very passionate about my profession and the lives of my patients. I hail from Fredericksburg, VA, but am proud to call the Southwestern portion of the state my home. I have a diverse background, having worked in substance abuse, community clinics, and a private practice. I perform most forms of traditional talk therapy, though I am not very concerned with theories of counseling (they don't matter much anyways :) ). I strive to develop close, meaningful connections with my patients, and these relationships are the driving force in my work.
I am a young therapist, and I am very passionate about my profession and the lives of my patients. I hail from Fredericksburg, VA, but am proud to call the Southwestern portion of the state my home. I have a diverse background, having worked in substance abuse, community clinics, and a private practice. I perform most forms of traditional talk therapy, though I am not very concerned with theories of counseling (they don't matter much anyways :) ). I strive to develop close, meaningful connections with my patients, and these relationships are the driving force in my work.
(540) 516-4730 View (540) 516-4730
Photo of Anthony Orlando Wells, PhD, LCP, Psychologist
Anthony Orlando Wells
Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
At times young people cannot get the most out of the experiences life has to offer. This could be a result of limited knowledge, skills, or underlying issues. I am a clinical child psychologist and my aim is to help children, adolescents, and their families, equipping youth with skills to put them on a positive path before adulthood. I use evidence-based tools that help youth and their families overcome challenges that keep them from moving forward in life. In addition to outpatient therapy, I offer psychological testing and evaluations for youth, helping to identify problem areas and unique needs and providing tailored recommendations.
At times young people cannot get the most out of the experiences life has to offer. This could be a result of limited knowledge, skills, or underlying issues. I am a clinical child psychologist and my aim is to help children, adolescents, and their families, equipping youth with skills to put them on a positive path before adulthood. I use evidence-based tools that help youth and their families overcome challenges that keep them from moving forward in life. In addition to outpatient therapy, I offer psychological testing and evaluations for youth, helping to identify problem areas and unique needs and providing tailored recommendations.
(540) 737-8802 View (540) 737-8802
Photo of Hayley Nasrallah, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hayley Nasrallah
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
At the end of therapy clients often tell me they "feel like themselves again." Difficulties such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relational conflict may have you feeling alienated from others and yourself. This is an incredibly hard and lonely place to be. I consider it one of life's greatest honors to walk with people through their times of difficulty as they find their way back home to hope.
At the end of therapy clients often tell me they "feel like themselves again." Difficulties such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relational conflict may have you feeling alienated from others and yourself. This is an incredibly hard and lonely place to be. I consider it one of life's greatest honors to walk with people through their times of difficulty as they find their way back home to hope.
(540) 384-9388 View (540) 384-9388
Angela Bolden
Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016  (Online Only)
Counseling is an opportunity to resolve the past, honor your present health and plan for the future. Symptoms of sadness, anxiety, constant worry, sleeplessness and overthinking often get in the way of making progress for these goals. Some of the outcomes that clients will experience are new ways to adjust to life changes, identify steps to take for more positive overall health outcomes.
Counseling is an opportunity to resolve the past, honor your present health and plan for the future. Symptoms of sadness, anxiety, constant worry, sleeplessness and overthinking often get in the way of making progress for these goals. Some of the outcomes that clients will experience are new ways to adjust to life changes, identify steps to take for more positive overall health outcomes.
(540) 253-1804 View (540) 253-1804
Photo of Susan Witt, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Witt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
I love hearing my client's stories and have a desire to help them towards emotional wellness, have healthy relationships, instill a sense of hope that things will get better for them, and build resiliency to tackle life's challenges. I have many years of experience in providing therapy to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. As the mom to adult children, I understand the challenges of raising children in today's world. I have a special interest in working with children/teens and adults going thru the painful process of separation and divorce and in providing gender affirming care to individuals and their families.
I love hearing my client's stories and have a desire to help them towards emotional wellness, have healthy relationships, instill a sense of hope that things will get better for them, and build resiliency to tackle life's challenges. I have many years of experience in providing therapy to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. As the mom to adult children, I understand the challenges of raising children in today's world. I have a special interest in working with children/teens and adults going thru the painful process of separation and divorce and in providing gender affirming care to individuals and their families.
(540) 516-4878 x224 View (540) 516-4878 x224
Photo of Katie Poulos, MSW, LCSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Poulos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
Not accepting new clients
The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. If you have made it this far, you have begun your healing journey. Are you tired of how you feel? Having difficulty sleeping? Low energy and lack of motivation? Easily startled or finding yourself avoiding painful memories? I can help. I provide comprehensive, compassionate psychotherapy services in the Roanoke Valley. With over 20 years of experience, I specialize in trauma-informed therapy. With the use of EMDR Therapy and other modalities, I can help you identify, target, and process the root of your discomfort. What keeps you up at night now can become a distant memory.
The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. If you have made it this far, you have begun your healing journey. Are you tired of how you feel? Having difficulty sleeping? Low energy and lack of motivation? Easily startled or finding yourself avoiding painful memories? I can help. I provide comprehensive, compassionate psychotherapy services in the Roanoke Valley. With over 20 years of experience, I specialize in trauma-informed therapy. With the use of EMDR Therapy and other modalities, I can help you identify, target, and process the root of your discomfort. What keeps you up at night now can become a distant memory.
(540) 518-0355 View (540) 518-0355
Photo of Aisha Cowley
Aisha Cowley
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
I deeply believe that everyone deserves a space to feel safe and safely express themselves regardless of their age, ethnicity, background, or beliefs. I also believe that each person’s struggle is real, and I am devoted to making sure that each client I work with is heard and feels heard. I am passionate about helping others understand, strengthen and use their natural ability to be resilient during and after times of crisis.
I deeply believe that everyone deserves a space to feel safe and safely express themselves regardless of their age, ethnicity, background, or beliefs. I also believe that each person’s struggle is real, and I am devoted to making sure that each client I work with is heard and feels heard. I am passionate about helping others understand, strengthen and use their natural ability to be resilient during and after times of crisis.
(757) 908-6758 View (757) 908-6758
Photo of Chad Wills, PsyD, LCP, LPC, Psychologist
Chad Wills
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
Not accepting new clients
I am focused on providing you with the best care possible. I am a doctoral level clinician and I enjoy applying what I have learned with a down to earth common sense style. I firmly believe in the power of hope. I am open to working with all people. I specialize in evaluation and treatment of ADHD, Autism, Bipolar, Anxiety, Depression, OCD, relationship issues, social issues, family therapy, parenting, grief and loss, as well as other common developmental concerns across the lifespan.
I am focused on providing you with the best care possible. I am a doctoral level clinician and I enjoy applying what I have learned with a down to earth common sense style. I firmly believe in the power of hope. I am open to working with all people. I specialize in evaluation and treatment of ADHD, Autism, Bipolar, Anxiety, Depression, OCD, relationship issues, social issues, family therapy, parenting, grief and loss, as well as other common developmental concerns across the lifespan.
(540) 251-0675 View (540) 251-0675
Photo of Whitney Artutis, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Whitney Artutis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
Not accepting new clients
I have NO availability for new clients, though our practice does have openings for new clients with Medicaid insurance or ability to self-pay! I believe that the relationship between client and counselor is the most important factor in how successful counseling will be. I want you to feel comfortable sharing details of your life with me so that we can move toward change together. I believe therapy is an incredible tool to know yourself, heal, and move toward change. I have been in therapy for many years and continue to participate in my own therapeutic journey as a client.
I have NO availability for new clients, though our practice does have openings for new clients with Medicaid insurance or ability to self-pay! I believe that the relationship between client and counselor is the most important factor in how successful counseling will be. I want you to feel comfortable sharing details of your life with me so that we can move toward change together. I believe therapy is an incredible tool to know yourself, heal, and move toward change. I have been in therapy for many years and continue to participate in my own therapeutic journey as a client.
(540) 274-2261 View (540) 274-2261
Photo of Briana Campbell, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Briana Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Waitlist for new clients
(ONLY ACCEPTING AETNA, MEDICAID, AND SELF-PAY CLIENTS AT THIS TIME) Life can be filled with pain, loss, confusion, and fear. I understand counseling as a process that honors these challenges and fosters hope. I utilize a relational, holistic, and strengths-based approach to help individuals cope with hardships, heal from trauma, and see their worth. I am passionate about women’s issues and working with people from historically marginalized groups. My work also focuses on perinatal mental health, where I am certified (PMH-C) to provide support to individuals from pregnancy to parenthood.
(ONLY ACCEPTING AETNA, MEDICAID, AND SELF-PAY CLIENTS AT THIS TIME) Life can be filled with pain, loss, confusion, and fear. I understand counseling as a process that honors these challenges and fosters hope. I utilize a relational, holistic, and strengths-based approach to help individuals cope with hardships, heal from trauma, and see their worth. I am passionate about women’s issues and working with people from historically marginalized groups. My work also focuses on perinatal mental health, where I am certified (PMH-C) to provide support to individuals from pregnancy to parenthood.
(540) 253-1833 View (540) 253-1833
Photo of Anne Silber, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anne Silber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
I believe asking for help is one of the bravest things anyone can do. It takes courage to reach out and seek support, and I'm honored to be considered a partner in your journey. Whether it's helping children navigate their emotions, supporting teens through the rollercoaster of adolescence, or assisting adults on their path to self-discovery, I'm here to provide the support you need to thrive. Together, we’ll create a safe space where you can find your voice, discover your inner strength, and create lasting positive change.
I believe asking for help is one of the bravest things anyone can do. It takes courage to reach out and seek support, and I'm honored to be considered a partner in your journey. Whether it's helping children navigate their emotions, supporting teens through the rollercoaster of adolescence, or assisting adults on their path to self-discovery, I'm here to provide the support you need to thrive. Together, we’ll create a safe space where you can find your voice, discover your inner strength, and create lasting positive change.
(540) 518-0981 View (540) 518-0981
Photo of Bethany Lackey, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bethany Lackey
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Feeling stuck is a part of life, but that doesn’t mean you have to figure it out by yourself. There are many pieces that play a part in being in a tough place that make each situation different. I am experienced in working with many issues including depression, relationship issues, anxiety, and traumatic stress. I am passionate about women’s issues, cultural diversity, and am LGBTQ+ affirmative. Life gets really difficult sometimes - you are stronger and more resilient than you think.
Feeling stuck is a part of life, but that doesn’t mean you have to figure it out by yourself. There are many pieces that play a part in being in a tough place that make each situation different. I am experienced in working with many issues including depression, relationship issues, anxiety, and traumatic stress. I am passionate about women’s issues, cultural diversity, and am LGBTQ+ affirmative. Life gets really difficult sometimes - you are stronger and more resilient than you think.
(540) 402-9326 View (540) 402-9326
Photo of Brooke A Jernigan - Babbling Brook Counseling Services PLLC, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACAS, CPI, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Babbling Brook Counseling Services PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACAS, CPI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
Not accepting new clients
Brooke is NOT accepting New Clients at this time. Brooke has 25 years of experience working with children, families, and adults within the health care system, foster care, schools, community-based services, and outpatient practice. Brooke’s goal is to help individuals understand the impact of their thoughts on feelings and behaviors and learn the skills to strengthen and grow as individuals. Brooke values assisting individuals in building confidence and self-worth and finding happiness within one's self, along with helping to support those we love.
Brooke is NOT accepting New Clients at this time. Brooke has 25 years of experience working with children, families, and adults within the health care system, foster care, schools, community-based services, and outpatient practice. Brooke’s goal is to help individuals understand the impact of their thoughts on feelings and behaviors and learn the skills to strengthen and grow as individuals. Brooke values assisting individuals in building confidence and self-worth and finding happiness within one's self, along with helping to support those we love.
(540) 701-2238 View (540) 701-2238
Photo of Megan White, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Megan White
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Life can deal out a variety of circumstances that we have to learn how to navigate, but you don’t have to do that alone. We can walk through those complex situations together in a way where you feel comfortable and supported. I am passionate about racial, cultural, and sexual orientation diversity as well as church/religion related trauma. Your counseling journey with me will be LBGTQ+ affirming. I have experience working with individuals concerning depression, anxiety, stress management, work life balance, sexual abuse, and coping with life transition.
Life can deal out a variety of circumstances that we have to learn how to navigate, but you don’t have to do that alone. We can walk through those complex situations together in a way where you feel comfortable and supported. I am passionate about racial, cultural, and sexual orientation diversity as well as church/religion related trauma. Your counseling journey with me will be LBGTQ+ affirming. I have experience working with individuals concerning depression, anxiety, stress management, work life balance, sexual abuse, and coping with life transition.
(540) 516-4542 View (540) 516-4542
Photo of Megan Massett, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan Massett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
According to Charles Swindoll, “Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent how you respond to it.” This quotation implies that "responding" to life is easy, doesn't it? But the truth is, life is messy, and navigating its ups and downs can be really hard. Having someone to act as a sounding board, help us stay grounded, and support us in shifting our perspective, can be invaluable. Whether working with individuals or couples, I do my best work with those who feel stuck in their lives, have decided that enough is enough, and are looking for relief, and fast.
According to Charles Swindoll, “Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent how you respond to it.” This quotation implies that "responding" to life is easy, doesn't it? But the truth is, life is messy, and navigating its ups and downs can be really hard. Having someone to act as a sounding board, help us stay grounded, and support us in shifting our perspective, can be invaluable. Whether working with individuals or couples, I do my best work with those who feel stuck in their lives, have decided that enough is enough, and are looking for relief, and fast.
(540) 900-2849 View (540) 900-2849
Photo of Emily Newcomb, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Newcomb
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
I love to work with adolescents and adults. I am passionate and enjoy working with perinatal individuals and anyone dealing with postpartum anxiety or depression. My hope is to help individuals discover their values in order to help them live a value driven life rather than one focused centrally on acheiving goals.
I love to work with adolescents and adults. I am passionate and enjoy working with perinatal individuals and anyone dealing with postpartum anxiety or depression. My hope is to help individuals discover their values in order to help them live a value driven life rather than one focused centrally on acheiving goals.
(540) 900-1494 View (540) 900-1494
Photo of Dana Deivert, MAEd, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dana Deivert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAEd, NCC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016  (Online Only)
Life is full of transitions and adjustments. Often, there are many aspects of life outside of our control, which can feel incredibly difficult to manage. We cannot control all of the things that happen to us, but we can begin our journey in processing and moving through it. Trust can take time to establish. Let’s build a place of safety to allow healing to begin. My practice is to walk alongside you from a stance of non-judgement and acceptance. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with life transitions, trauma, depression, anxiety, and attachment related issues. I also have experience working with military personnel.
Life is full of transitions and adjustments. Often, there are many aspects of life outside of our control, which can feel incredibly difficult to manage. We cannot control all of the things that happen to us, but we can begin our journey in processing and moving through it. Trust can take time to establish. Let’s build a place of safety to allow healing to begin. My practice is to walk alongside you from a stance of non-judgement and acceptance. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with life transitions, trauma, depression, anxiety, and attachment related issues. I also have experience working with military personnel.
(540) 274-2626 View (540) 274-2626
Photo of Chanelle Henderson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chanelle Henderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I'm Chanelle Henderson, a licensed professional counselor specializing in compassionate support for all those along life's journey. When you step into my office, I see that you are letting me into sacred ground. ​ As a counselor, my role is to provide a place so you can be brave enough to heal and grow. I will support you with cultural humility and LGBTQIA+ affirming practices so you can strengthen a deeper relationship with yourself and those closest to you. I specialize in working with those affected by traumatic experiences such as the immigration process, childhood abuse, and perinatal recovery.
Welcome! I'm Chanelle Henderson, a licensed professional counselor specializing in compassionate support for all those along life's journey. When you step into my office, I see that you are letting me into sacred ground. ​ As a counselor, my role is to provide a place so you can be brave enough to heal and grow. I will support you with cultural humility and LGBTQIA+ affirming practices so you can strengthen a deeper relationship with yourself and those closest to you. I specialize in working with those affected by traumatic experiences such as the immigration process, childhood abuse, and perinatal recovery.
(540) 253-4779 View (540) 253-4779
Photo of Britt Tarzia - Mainstream Mental Health Services, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mainstream Mental Health Services
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Do worries impact your ability to focus on what matters most? Has life got you down and you’re not sure why? Maybe you do know why, but you don’t feel comfortable sharing with family and friends? Are you facing relationship challenges or maybe you're struggling with loving yourself? Mainstream Mental Health Services believes in providing goal-directed, person-centered counseling to individuals seeking support with life’s challenges. It is our mission to support our clients to develop the skills, understanding and overall ability to manage their mind and enhance their quality of life.
Do worries impact your ability to focus on what matters most? Has life got you down and you’re not sure why? Maybe you do know why, but you don’t feel comfortable sharing with family and friends? Are you facing relationship challenges or maybe you're struggling with loving yourself? Mainstream Mental Health Services believes in providing goal-directed, person-centered counseling to individuals seeking support with life’s challenges. It is our mission to support our clients to develop the skills, understanding and overall ability to manage their mind and enhance their quality of life.
(540) 966-5808 View (540) 966-5808
Photo of Jennifer Bell, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Bell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
I provide individual counseling services for adolescents 16 and older and adults who are experiencing chaos, pain, confusion, or who feel something is absent in their life. I work with you to increase your own self-awareness and utilize your strengths to create the positive growth you desire. I provide support, honesty, compassion, and encouragement as you go through your journey of growth and healing.
I provide individual counseling services for adolescents 16 and older and adults who are experiencing chaos, pain, confusion, or who feel something is absent in their life. I work with you to increase your own self-awareness and utilize your strengths to create the positive growth you desire. I provide support, honesty, compassion, and encouragement as you go through your journey of growth and healing.
(540) 724-0566 View (540) 724-0566

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 24016

50+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in 24016 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
70% Anthem | Elevance
68% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 24016 see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 24016?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.