Photo of Kimberly Allen, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi! My name is Kim Allen and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia. I think about the times in life when you can become so overwhelmed with everything that you are unsure where to begin to put things together in a way that makes sense. Relationships, school, work, and other responsibilities can all feel as though they are urgently competing for your immediate attention. There seems to be not enough time or energy to give to everything and everyone. Living on auto-pilot, going through the motions, and feeling so overwhelmed can all take a toll on your overall well-being, including mental health.
Hi! My name is Kim Allen and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia. I think about the times in life when you can become so overwhelmed with everything that you are unsure where to begin to put things together in a way that makes sense. Relationships, school, work, and other responsibilities can all feel as though they are urgently competing for your immediate attention. There seems to be not enough time or energy to give to everything and everyone. Living on auto-pilot, going through the motions, and feeling so overwhelmed can all take a toll on your overall well-being, including mental health.
(804) 656-5817 View (804) 656-5817
Photo of Jan L Barrymore - JPCounseling, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
JPCounseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My experience includes treating mood and anxiety disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD in adults and adolescents. I also work with gay/lesbian/ bisexual/ and transgendered clients. I work with people to improve their self-esteem, self-confidence, handle anger issues and relationships. My goal is to empower individuals to take control of their lives. I believe people have the ability to heal themselves and talking with someone can make a difference.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My experience includes treating mood and anxiety disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD in adults and adolescents. I also work with gay/lesbian/ bisexual/ and transgendered clients. I work with people to improve their self-esteem, self-confidence, handle anger issues and relationships. My goal is to empower individuals to take control of their lives. I believe people have the ability to heal themselves and talking with someone can make a difference.
(757) 655-0315 View (757) 655-0315
Photo of Shawn Patrick McNulty, LPC, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shawn Patrick McNulty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
OutKind Counseling is an inclusive, culturally contextual, gender affirming, and person centered counseling practice dedicated to the art and employment of kindness. The private practice of Shawn Patrick McNulty, LPC, it is crafted as a safe space, a space of hope and respect for the client's personhood and the contexts of their lives. The practice focus is on issues of trauma, depression, anxiety, and gender identity for those aged 14+ and specializes in working with those who identify among the LGBTQ+ communities.
OutKind Counseling is an inclusive, culturally contextual, gender affirming, and person centered counseling practice dedicated to the art and employment of kindness. The private practice of Shawn Patrick McNulty, LPC, it is crafted as a safe space, a space of hope and respect for the client's personhood and the contexts of their lives. The practice focus is on issues of trauma, depression, anxiety, and gender identity for those aged 14+ and specializes in working with those who identify among the LGBTQ+ communities.
(757) 330-3378 View (757) 330-3378
Photo of Marcia Grubbs-Weiss, LPC, CAADC, NBCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marcia Grubbs-Weiss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor experienced in working with individuals dealing with issues of relationship, depression, trauma, anxiety, self-esteem, confusion, hurt and anger. Additionally, I am a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor and am experienced in working with issues associated with alcohol and drug dependency, including co-dependency and adult children of alcoholics (ACOA). I have experience in working with many women's issues and issues dealing with changes in the stages of life. I am also trained to work with many of the concerns that members of the military and their families deal with.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor experienced in working with individuals dealing with issues of relationship, depression, trauma, anxiety, self-esteem, confusion, hurt and anger. Additionally, I am a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor and am experienced in working with issues associated with alcohol and drug dependency, including co-dependency and adult children of alcoholics (ACOA). I have experience in working with many women's issues and issues dealing with changes in the stages of life. I am also trained to work with many of the concerns that members of the military and their families deal with.
(757) 561-2066 View (757) 561-2066
Photo of Stephanie Becker - Empathic Wellness, MEd, JD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Empathic Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, JD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
Stephanie's therapeutic philosophy is centered on unconditional acceptance of her clients' experiences and feelings. Primarily employing cognitive-behavioral techniques, she strives to serve as a thinking partner and supportive guide as clients grow into the people they were created to be. While the road to recovery can be painful at times, Stephanie believes in each and every client's ability to make meaning of their suffering and ultimately, to lead joyful lives marked by serenity and acceptance of "life on life's terms."
Stephanie's therapeutic philosophy is centered on unconditional acceptance of her clients' experiences and feelings. Primarily employing cognitive-behavioral techniques, she strives to serve as a thinking partner and supportive guide as clients grow into the people they were created to be. While the road to recovery can be painful at times, Stephanie believes in each and every client's ability to make meaning of their suffering and ultimately, to lead joyful lives marked by serenity and acceptance of "life on life's terms."
(757) 571-8547 View (757) 571-8547
Photo of Dr. Johnston M Brendel, LPC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Johnston M Brendel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
Not accepting new clients
Unable to Accept New Clients At This Time... Open-minded/progressive, with 25+ years experience, counseling services are designed to assist in gaining insight on issues, concerns and problems resulting from being human in a complex and sometimes difficult world. The focus of my practice is developing skills necessary to meet life’s challenges. Since research supports the therapeutic relationship as best predictor of counseling outcome, I welcome you to explore my bio to see if I’m a possible fit for you (details about me are available on my website: drbrendel.com).
Unable to Accept New Clients At This Time... Open-minded/progressive, with 25+ years experience, counseling services are designed to assist in gaining insight on issues, concerns and problems resulting from being human in a complex and sometimes difficult world. The focus of my practice is developing skills necessary to meet life’s challenges. Since research supports the therapeutic relationship as best predictor of counseling outcome, I welcome you to explore my bio to see if I’m a possible fit for you (details about me are available on my website: drbrendel.com).
(757) 517-3690 View (757) 517-3690
Photo of Rachel Goodwyn, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Goodwyn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
As a therapist, I consider it a privilege to assist individuals, as they walk through and process life experiences and traumas. Life, work, and relationships can leave us feeling burnt out and imprisoned. Our ability to live life to the fullest often hinges on our perspective and choices. In creating a safe and non-judgmental environment, I seek to provide an opportunity for individuals to explore a deeper sense of self and discover the life they want to live.
As a therapist, I consider it a privilege to assist individuals, as they walk through and process life experiences and traumas. Life, work, and relationships can leave us feeling burnt out and imprisoned. Our ability to live life to the fullest often hinges on our perspective and choices. In creating a safe and non-judgmental environment, I seek to provide an opportunity for individuals to explore a deeper sense of self and discover the life they want to live.
(757) 600-6784 View (757) 600-6784
Photo of Richard Michael Swaine - Providence Counseling, MA, LPC, Counselor
Providence Counseling
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
I have been a licensed professional counselor for over a decade, working with adolescents and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, mood disorders, relationship issues, and codependency. I focus on cognitive behavioral therapy and solution-focused therapy to develop coping skills to help you move successfully to a full and happy life. I can help you develop mindfulness practices and tools to enhance your recovery.
I have been a licensed professional counselor for over a decade, working with adolescents and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, mood disorders, relationship issues, and codependency. I focus on cognitive behavioral therapy and solution-focused therapy to develop coping skills to help you move successfully to a full and happy life. I can help you develop mindfulness practices and tools to enhance your recovery.
(757) 300-0859 View (757) 300-0859
Photo of Jacqueline Hill, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jacqueline Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Jacqueline Hill. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the Hampton Roads Area. I have over fifteen years of experience in the Human Services field. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults. As a former military dependent, I have been exposed to diverse cultures and can identify with challenges related to this lifestyle. I am extremely passionate and successful in developing therapeutic relationships and I use evidenced-based interventions to promote growth, education and self-efficacy. My areas of focus include depression, anxiety, anger management, self-esteem and adjustment disorders. I look forward to meeting you!
Hello, my name is Jacqueline Hill. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the Hampton Roads Area. I have over fifteen years of experience in the Human Services field. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults. As a former military dependent, I have been exposed to diverse cultures and can identify with challenges related to this lifestyle. I am extremely passionate and successful in developing therapeutic relationships and I use evidenced-based interventions to promote growth, education and self-efficacy. My areas of focus include depression, anxiety, anger management, self-esteem and adjustment disorders. I look forward to meeting you!
(757) 561-2078 View (757) 561-2078
Photo of Calandra Togba-Doya, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Calandra Togba-Doya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
Welcome, I'm Calandra Togba-Doya, LCSW, LICSW. I work with Individuals that desire positive change in their lives. I believe perfection is a myth, but we all can set and obtain progressive goals. My mantra is Happy, Healthy, and Whole. That's obtainable. I view the therapeutic process as a partnership with you leading the effort. You have all the answers you need. I am simply a partner walking along as you journey to uncover them. I work best with Individuals ages 14 - 65. Though the majority of my clients are women; men have found my approach very beneficial.
Welcome, I'm Calandra Togba-Doya, LCSW, LICSW. I work with Individuals that desire positive change in their lives. I believe perfection is a myth, but we all can set and obtain progressive goals. My mantra is Happy, Healthy, and Whole. That's obtainable. I view the therapeutic process as a partnership with you leading the effort. You have all the answers you need. I am simply a partner walking along as you journey to uncover them. I work best with Individuals ages 14 - 65. Though the majority of my clients are women; men have found my approach very beneficial.
(757) 848-4185 View (757) 848-4185
Photo of Douglas Ailen Brown - Addiction Recovery Center of Virginia, MD, FAAFP
Addiction Recovery Center of Virginia
MD, FAAFP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
We take a Whole Person approach to our evaluation and treatment of Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders. We combine both Medical ( using medication assistance treatment) and Behavioral Health ( individual counseling ) to help our patients navigate through their Recovery. We have a complete team of experienced medical providers and LPCs to help and support our patients and met them where they are at.
We take a Whole Person approach to our evaluation and treatment of Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders. We combine both Medical ( using medication assistance treatment) and Behavioral Health ( individual counseling ) to help our patients navigate through their Recovery. We have a complete team of experienced medical providers and LPCs to help and support our patients and met them where they are at.
(757) 982-8592 View (757) 982-8592
Photo of Kasey Sokol, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kasey Sokol
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690
I believe in the importance of a person’s story and meeting each person where they are in the present moment, while honoring experiences from the past. There are often events or themes within a person’s childhood that can lead them to experience difficulties later in their lives if left unresolved. These difficulties often appear in the form of unhealthy traits or toxic cycles within romantic relationships or friendships. Other times, there are negative thoughts such as “I should have known better” or “I always do something wrong” that constantly circle in a person’s mind.
I believe in the importance of a person’s story and meeting each person where they are in the present moment, while honoring experiences from the past. There are often events or themes within a person’s childhood that can lead them to experience difficulties later in their lives if left unresolved. These difficulties often appear in the form of unhealthy traits or toxic cycles within romantic relationships or friendships. Other times, there are negative thoughts such as “I should have known better” or “I always do something wrong” that constantly circle in a person’s mind.
(757) 384-1656 View (757) 384-1656
Photo of Jillian Pelzer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jillian Pelzer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
Hi! My name is Jillian Pelzer. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of VA. I take a person-centered approach to therapy, meaning you are the expert of your own life. I am simply here to help you organize your thoughts and judgment so that you can make positive decisions for your life. I have expertise in counseling clients with depression, parenting problems, suicidal ideation, adjustment disorders, substance use problems, and more. I am super laid back! This will be a no-stress, no-pressure situation. The time is yours to use how you'd like. I am always flexible with my clients.
Hi! My name is Jillian Pelzer. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of VA. I take a person-centered approach to therapy, meaning you are the expert of your own life. I am simply here to help you organize your thoughts and judgment so that you can make positive decisions for your life. I have expertise in counseling clients with depression, parenting problems, suicidal ideation, adjustment disorders, substance use problems, and more. I am super laid back! This will be a no-stress, no-pressure situation. The time is yours to use how you'd like. I am always flexible with my clients.
(757) 859-0682 View (757) 859-0682
Photo of Nathaniel Roach - Release Wellness, Pre-Licensed Professional
Release Wellness
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
Accepting new clients. Helping clients realize their full potential is my passion. I believe in helping people experiencing mental anguish, relationship problems, trauma, advocacy burn-out, and military hardships. That assistance should not just be a job but a passion. I have that passion. I am passionate about walking with you from the first step and beyond. I have the passion needed to climb life’s mountains with you. With the right tools in your toolbox, life need not feel out of control.
Accepting new clients. Helping clients realize their full potential is my passion. I believe in helping people experiencing mental anguish, relationship problems, trauma, advocacy burn-out, and military hardships. That assistance should not just be a job but a passion. I have that passion. I am passionate about walking with you from the first step and beyond. I have the passion needed to climb life’s mountains with you. With the right tools in your toolbox, life need not feel out of control.
(757) 384-1623 View (757) 384-1623
Photo of Emireth Cancino, BS, MS, NCC
Emireth Cancino
Resident in Counseling, BS, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690
I have had the privilege of working with diverse clients ranging from adolescents to older adults, providing me with valuable experience in supporting individuals in their personal growth and development. My experience includes working with mood disorders, personality disorders, and other conditions. I particularly value self-motivated clients committed to making positive changes and actively engaged in the therapeutic process.
I have had the privilege of working with diverse clients ranging from adolescents to older adults, providing me with valuable experience in supporting individuals in their personal growth and development. My experience includes working with mood disorders, personality disorders, and other conditions. I particularly value self-motivated clients committed to making positive changes and actively engaged in the therapeutic process.
(757) 600-0983 View (757) 600-0983
Photo of Lynn K Luria, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynn K Luria
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690
Together, the client and therapist can work toward healing, growth, and change. I work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, trauma, and other life challenges. I engage each client using an eclectic approach, based on each client's goals, strengths, preferences, and specific needs.
Together, the client and therapist can work toward healing, growth, and change. I work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, trauma, and other life challenges. I engage each client using an eclectic approach, based on each client's goals, strengths, preferences, and specific needs.
(757) 280-2753 View (757) 280-2753
Photo of Whitney J McLellon, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Whitney J McLellon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
We all face challenges, but often struggle to know when and how to ask for help. You are here because you have taken that step. I believe that anyone who has the desire to change has the power to change. I am passionate about helping my clients become the best version of themselves and strive to provide a safe, nurturing environment where my clients feel heard, understood, and accepted. I have experience working with children, teens, adults, and family systems, and I enjoy the unique challenges and strengths that come with each age and life stage.
We all face challenges, but often struggle to know when and how to ask for help. You are here because you have taken that step. I believe that anyone who has the desire to change has the power to change. I am passionate about helping my clients become the best version of themselves and strive to provide a safe, nurturing environment where my clients feel heard, understood, and accepted. I have experience working with children, teens, adults, and family systems, and I enjoy the unique challenges and strengths that come with each age and life stage.
(757) 767-7740 View (757) 767-7740
Photo of Dr. Aimee R. Harris - Ie Wellness Center | Dr. Aimee Harris, PhD, LPC, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ie Wellness Center | Dr. Aimee Harris
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690
I help address the root causes of behavioral disorders and mental health issues, whether stress in the home, work related stressors, physical, relational, etc. I use an array of psychotherapy modalities including child centered play therapy (sand, art, dance, music), cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, family counseling as well as industrial organizational psychology modalities for work related stressors. The goal is to decrease the behavioral disorders and / or mental health symptoms to restore optimal functioning in the home and work environment.
I help address the root causes of behavioral disorders and mental health issues, whether stress in the home, work related stressors, physical, relational, etc. I use an array of psychotherapy modalities including child centered play therapy (sand, art, dance, music), cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, family counseling as well as industrial organizational psychology modalities for work related stressors. The goal is to decrease the behavioral disorders and / or mental health symptoms to restore optimal functioning in the home and work environment.
(757) 794-4893 View (757) 794-4893
Photo of Gigi Rodriguez, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gigi Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
In therapy we can process healthy ways to address emotional, mental, physical and spiritual well-being. Through the use of Motivational Enhancement, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Brief Psychodynamic interventions, symptoms related to depression, anxiety, trauma, and abuse can be addressed in therapy.
In therapy we can process healthy ways to address emotional, mental, physical and spiritual well-being. Through the use of Motivational Enhancement, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Brief Psychodynamic interventions, symptoms related to depression, anxiety, trauma, and abuse can be addressed in therapy.
(757) 835-3566 View (757) 835-3566
Photo of Philip Burke, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Philip Burke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
Do you find yourself in a rut, having difficulties adjusting to a new circumstance, or feel your situation is hopeless? Do you frequently worry about where your life is headed? Do you find yourself afraid to face situations that others do not? Are you afraid to discuss these things for fear of being judged or misunderstood? If so, consider speaking with me to discuss your concerns in a confidential, safe setting. We can work together to lessen or eliminate the impact of whatever problems, worries or concerns you may have.
Do you find yourself in a rut, having difficulties adjusting to a new circumstance, or feel your situation is hopeless? Do you frequently worry about where your life is headed? Do you find yourself afraid to face situations that others do not? Are you afraid to discuss these things for fear of being judged or misunderstood? If so, consider speaking with me to discuss your concerns in a confidential, safe setting. We can work together to lessen or eliminate the impact of whatever problems, worries or concerns you may have.
(757) 596-7938 View (757) 596-7938
1

See more therapy options for 23690

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 23690

30+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in 23690 who prioritize treating:

94% Depression
88% Anxiety
88% Trauma and PTSD
85% Coping Skills
76% Self Esteem
74% Stress
71% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Anthem | Elevance
81% BlueCross and BlueShield
81% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 23690 see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 23690?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.