Photo of Jennifer Macaraeg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Macaraeg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
It can be difficult and lonely going through each day feeling like there isn’t anyone that you can talk to. You continue to smile, “be happy," and put on a show for everyone because talking about your feelings is not something your family, or culture, allows and no one seems to understand. Being around others starts to feel draining and fake. However, I’m here to tell you that you don’t have to feel lonely or sacrifice your mental and emotional well-being for the sake others. Together in therapy, we can navigate through all the complexities of your feelings.
It can be difficult and lonely going through each day feeling like there isn’t anyone that you can talk to. You continue to smile, “be happy," and put on a show for everyone because talking about your feelings is not something your family, or culture, allows and no one seems to understand. Being around others starts to feel draining and fake. However, I’m here to tell you that you don’t have to feel lonely or sacrifice your mental and emotional well-being for the sake others. Together in therapy, we can navigate through all the complexities of your feelings.
(757) 866-4885 View (757) 866-4885
Photo of Beth Hunter, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Beth Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
I approach counseling from a cognitive behavioral perspective, meaning that I believe that our thoughts produce our feelings and our feelings produce our behaviors. However, I also use EMDR and Internal Family Systems in combination with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to give my clients a range of avenues to find their healing. I try to make every session practical and productive. I have also written a book, "Forgive and Live", which I use in group therapy and has recently been re-written as a video series.
I approach counseling from a cognitive behavioral perspective, meaning that I believe that our thoughts produce our feelings and our feelings produce our behaviors. However, I also use EMDR and Internal Family Systems in combination with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to give my clients a range of avenues to find their healing. I try to make every session practical and productive. I have also written a book, "Forgive and Live", which I use in group therapy and has recently been re-written as a video series.
(757) 351-4899 View (757) 351-4899
Photo of Lianna Pevar, MSEd, LPC-I
Lianna Pevar
Resident in Counseling, MSEd, LPC-I
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm so happy you're here! I provide a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can safely express your thoughts, feelings and experiences while working on self-identified goals. I recognize it takes energy and courage to start therapy. While it may feel uncomfortable at first, you are in control and can build trust at your own pace. I'm so excited for the opportunity to connect, provide ongoing support, and empower you to better manage life's challenges.
Hi, I'm so happy you're here! I provide a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can safely express your thoughts, feelings and experiences while working on self-identified goals. I recognize it takes energy and courage to start therapy. While it may feel uncomfortable at first, you are in control and can build trust at your own pace. I'm so excited for the opportunity to connect, provide ongoing support, and empower you to better manage life's challenges.
(757) 529-3504 View (757) 529-3504
Photo of Tamara W Childress, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tamara W Childress
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Immediate openings for in person appts on Saturdays available. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in treating children and families in individual and/or family therapy sessions. I work with individuals and families who are experiencing issues related to ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Grief/Loss, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and family conflict. I have experience working with adolescents and adults who have experienced trauma and domestic violence. I have had VA supervision training and am credentialed to do licensure supervision. Please call 804-641-5176 to inquire about availability and rates.
Immediate openings for in person appts on Saturdays available. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in treating children and families in individual and/or family therapy sessions. I work with individuals and families who are experiencing issues related to ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Grief/Loss, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and family conflict. I have experience working with adolescents and adults who have experienced trauma and domestic violence. I have had VA supervision training and am credentialed to do licensure supervision. Please call 804-641-5176 to inquire about availability and rates.
(804) 554-3341 View (804) 554-3341
Photo of Ana M Roney, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ana M Roney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
We all encounter difficulty in life; it’s inevitable. Nowadays, we have the knowledge to know it takes more than physical health, or good nutrition to be well. In order to have a fulfilling life, we must take care of all aspects of our lives. At times, all we need is to lean into our own resources to cope. Other times we need a neutral person to place adequate tools in our path to help us move forward and thrive. If you feel like you need clarity, understanding, and tools to improve yourself and the quality of your relationships; therapy can be that first step towards wellness.
We all encounter difficulty in life; it’s inevitable. Nowadays, we have the knowledge to know it takes more than physical health, or good nutrition to be well. In order to have a fulfilling life, we must take care of all aspects of our lives. At times, all we need is to lean into our own resources to cope. Other times we need a neutral person to place adequate tools in our path to help us move forward and thrive. If you feel like you need clarity, understanding, and tools to improve yourself and the quality of your relationships; therapy can be that first step towards wellness.
(757) 384-6703 View (757) 384-6703
Photo of Luon Fletcher, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Luon Fletcher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fletcher specializes in working with individuals experiencing life transitions, grief and loss, end of life concerns, chronic illness, disability-related concerns, and caregiver support issues. She works with adults to teach coping skills and provide support for these difficult life experiences/changes and works with each individual to identify patterns in their everyday lives and develop the best therapeutic plan of action for lasting, positive personal change. Her greatest joys come from watching her clients grow into the happiest versions of themselves.
Fletcher specializes in working with individuals experiencing life transitions, grief and loss, end of life concerns, chronic illness, disability-related concerns, and caregiver support issues. She works with adults to teach coping skills and provide support for these difficult life experiences/changes and works with each individual to identify patterns in their everyday lives and develop the best therapeutic plan of action for lasting, positive personal change. Her greatest joys come from watching her clients grow into the happiest versions of themselves.
(757) 982-8087 View (757) 982-8087
Photo of Ashley Ryan, MSW
Ashley Ryan
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I work with couples and individuals as they navigate the stressors in their lives. Some days we feel like we are on an island with our struggles. Sometimes, it is hardest to share our challenges with the people we are closest to. My goal is to create a welcoming and non-judgmental space so that you can begin to heal. I believe that therapy can help people meet their challenges and learn how to grow through them. Strengths-based approaches are the foundation to my work. I encourage using your innate strengths to create the life you want to live. We will work together to meet your goals & find the tools to succeed.
Welcome! I work with couples and individuals as they navigate the stressors in their lives. Some days we feel like we are on an island with our struggles. Sometimes, it is hardest to share our challenges with the people we are closest to. My goal is to create a welcoming and non-judgmental space so that you can begin to heal. I believe that therapy can help people meet their challenges and learn how to grow through them. Strengths-based approaches are the foundation to my work. I encourage using your innate strengths to create the life you want to live. We will work together to meet your goals & find the tools to succeed.
(757) 720-7954 View (757) 720-7954
Photo of Amber Carver, LPC, NTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amber Carver
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you tired, worn-out, frustrated, and feel like no matter what you do you can’t get ahead? Feeling this way is exhausting, you are dissatisfied, relationships aren't what you want them to be, and you may be wondering if this is what life is meant to be like? Do you find yourself struggling to fall asleep or stay asleep? Feeling jittery and on edge, experiencing anxiety that keeps getting in the way of you being the best version of yourself? Are you turning to food to cope? You’ve wondered if talking to someone might help, but you are hesitating, unsure what to expect and afraid it might be uncomfortable.
Are you tired, worn-out, frustrated, and feel like no matter what you do you can’t get ahead? Feeling this way is exhausting, you are dissatisfied, relationships aren't what you want them to be, and you may be wondering if this is what life is meant to be like? Do you find yourself struggling to fall asleep or stay asleep? Feeling jittery and on edge, experiencing anxiety that keeps getting in the way of you being the best version of yourself? Are you turning to food to cope? You’ve wondered if talking to someone might help, but you are hesitating, unsure what to expect and afraid it might be uncomfortable.
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Photo of Tanya McGovern - Dr. Tania Govern AT Virginia Psychology Center,  PSYD, Psychologist
Dr. Tania Govern AT Virginia Psychology Center
Psychologist, PSYD
Verified Verified
Affordable (50$ - first session / 99$ - follow up sessions). My approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Emotion-focused Therapy (EFT). I am also a certified CBT therapist by the Canadian Association of CBT. I value empathy, compassion, and understanding in clinical work. Also, I routinely seek feedback from clients to make sure my work meets clients’ needs.
Affordable (50$ - first session / 99$ - follow up sessions). My approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Emotion-focused Therapy (EFT). I am also a certified CBT therapist by the Canadian Association of CBT. I value empathy, compassion, and understanding in clinical work. Also, I routinely seek feedback from clients to make sure my work meets clients’ needs.
(757) 571-8561 View (757) 571-8561
Photo of Angela Coleman, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Coleman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Hi! I hope to have the opportunity to work alongside you. If you are having hardships in life circumstances, depression, anxiety, panic, mood instability, difficulty coping, challenges in relationships, guilt, shame, unpleasant and or intrusive thoughts, feelings, actions, please reach out. Also, if you feel like you are stuck and can’t figure out why, I will be glad to help. I can integrate physical exercise during sessions, and offer Wilderness Therapy groups as well.
Hi! I hope to have the opportunity to work alongside you. If you are having hardships in life circumstances, depression, anxiety, panic, mood instability, difficulty coping, challenges in relationships, guilt, shame, unpleasant and or intrusive thoughts, feelings, actions, please reach out. Also, if you feel like you are stuck and can’t figure out why, I will be glad to help. I can integrate physical exercise during sessions, and offer Wilderness Therapy groups as well.
(757) 859-0544 View (757) 859-0544
Photo of Jessica Salinas, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Salinas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
The hardest part of our journey begins with the first step. Looking at your current circumstances you may understand that change needs to take place, but just lost at where to begin—I’ve been there.  There comes a time in each of our lives where we can reflect. This reflection upon our lives is often never easy.  It is like an arduous journey filled with hills and valleys.  Sometimes this requires letting go of pent up emotions and ingrained behaviors which may have served a purpose for some time but no longer serve us. My passion is to help individuals through this time teaching them the tools needed to navigate their new paths.
The hardest part of our journey begins with the first step. Looking at your current circumstances you may understand that change needs to take place, but just lost at where to begin—I’ve been there.  There comes a time in each of our lives where we can reflect. This reflection upon our lives is often never easy.  It is like an arduous journey filled with hills and valleys.  Sometimes this requires letting go of pent up emotions and ingrained behaviors which may have served a purpose for some time but no longer serve us. My passion is to help individuals through this time teaching them the tools needed to navigate their new paths.
(757) 517-8652 View (757) 517-8652
Photo of Karen 'kc' Carroll - Karen "KC" Carroll, CNM, (ret), MS, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen "KC" Carroll
Licensed Professional Counselor, CNM, (ret), MS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
“It’s fine. I’m fine. Everything’s fine.” You can’t put it into words or don’t know who to confide in, so that’s what you portray. But that’s NOT what’s going on inside. You disconnect to survive. But, if any of the following sounds like you, that skill is wearing out: your moods are all over the place; your sleep is off; you’ve been sick or in pain; memory and focus are down; work is just stupid, and you always seem to be in conflict with someone. Plus, if you’re expecting, now you have another generation and the pending birth blowing up your list of concerns! You can’t help thinking, "This is not how my life is supposed to be."
“It’s fine. I’m fine. Everything’s fine.” You can’t put it into words or don’t know who to confide in, so that’s what you portray. But that’s NOT what’s going on inside. You disconnect to survive. But, if any of the following sounds like you, that skill is wearing out: your moods are all over the place; your sleep is off; you’ve been sick or in pain; memory and focus are down; work is just stupid, and you always seem to be in conflict with someone. Plus, if you’re expecting, now you have another generation and the pending birth blowing up your list of concerns! You can’t help thinking, "This is not how my life is supposed to be."
(757) 720-7057 View (757) 720-7057
Photo of Eva F. Sloan - Amazing Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amazing Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
You haven’t been feeling like yourself lately. You aren’t sure exactly what it is that's causing you to overthink or just your anxiety? Are you sad or is it the season changing? You are becoming easily frustrated with people and things that usually don’t bother you.
You haven’t been feeling like yourself lately. You aren’t sure exactly what it is that's causing you to overthink or just your anxiety? Are you sad or is it the season changing? You are becoming easily frustrated with people and things that usually don’t bother you.
(757) 909-6805 View (757) 909-6805
Photo of C Rick Ellis - Spectrum Forensic Services and Neurotherapy Center, EdD, Psychologist
Spectrum Forensic Services and Neurotherapy Center
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
We are a Neurofeedback/ Neurotherapy Center that serves children, adolescents and adults experiencing challenges. We provide innovative individualized, evidence-based interventions to address an array of life's diverse challenges, so that each individual can reach his or her full potential. All of us encounter problems in living at some point in our lives. Sometimes, those problems interfere with our ability to function at home, work, or school or in other important areas of life.
We are a Neurofeedback/ Neurotherapy Center that serves children, adolescents and adults experiencing challenges. We provide innovative individualized, evidence-based interventions to address an array of life's diverse challenges, so that each individual can reach his or her full potential. All of us encounter problems in living at some point in our lives. Sometimes, those problems interfere with our ability to function at home, work, or school or in other important areas of life.
(757) 239-2850 View (757) 239-2850
Photo of Arianne Eichas, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Arianne Eichas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
I'm Arianne Eichas, a Resident in Counseling with extensive experience working with children, adolescents, and their families within the Department of Human Services, as well as in intensive in-home therapy and residential facilities. I have also provided individual and group therapy to clients of all ages in outpatient settings. I completed my Bachelor of Science in Human Services and my Master of Science in Education in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Old Dominion University.
I'm Arianne Eichas, a Resident in Counseling with extensive experience working with children, adolescents, and their families within the Department of Human Services, as well as in intensive in-home therapy and residential facilities. I have also provided individual and group therapy to clients of all ages in outpatient settings. I completed my Bachelor of Science in Human Services and my Master of Science in Education in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Old Dominion University.
(757) 239-2520 View (757) 239-2520
Photo of Heather Longoria, MA, LPC, ASDCS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Longoria
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ASDCS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Heather is a licensed therapist in Virginia Beach, with the goal of guiding her clients towards conscious mindful living. Heather counsels both individual adults and couple’s, yet has a distinct passion for working with neurodiverse women to live authentic, connected, empowered lives!
Heather is a licensed therapist in Virginia Beach, with the goal of guiding her clients towards conscious mindful living. Heather counsels both individual adults and couple’s, yet has a distinct passion for working with neurodiverse women to live authentic, connected, empowered lives!
(757) 663-5764 View (757) 663-5764
Photo of Olivia Nash, LCSW, RPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Olivia Nash
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Young children and teens struggle with life changes, big emotions, anxiety, depression, low self esteem, trauma, family conflict, and personal stressors just as much as the rest of us. Parents often feel helpless, overwhelmed, and worried about how to help their kids. You are trying to make sure they are happy and develop healthy relationships but it’s hard to know how to do this with everything else that’s going on in life. Everyone, including kids, needs a safe space to work through things. Together we can work toward new perspectives, increased self-compassion, better emotion regulation, and changed behaviors.
Young children and teens struggle with life changes, big emotions, anxiety, depression, low self esteem, trauma, family conflict, and personal stressors just as much as the rest of us. Parents often feel helpless, overwhelmed, and worried about how to help their kids. You are trying to make sure they are happy and develop healthy relationships but it’s hard to know how to do this with everything else that’s going on in life. Everyone, including kids, needs a safe space to work through things. Together we can work toward new perspectives, increased self-compassion, better emotion regulation, and changed behaviors.
(757) 997-6377 View (757) 997-6377
Photo of Brandy Dunn - Silver Lake Psychology, PsyD, Psychologist
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(757) 260-5866 View (757) 260-5866
Photo of Chris Doriani - Free Spirit Counseling And Collaborative, MA , ACSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chris Doriani - Free Spirit Counseling And Collaborative
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA , ACSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
Meet Chris, LCSW: Nurturing Well-being and Unleashing Potential. My therapeutic philosophy revolves around active engagement, practical skill-building, and the cultivation of individual strengths. Together, we'll embark on a journey to uncover your unique potential and facilitate healing across social, physical, and spiritual dimensions of your life. I specialize in providing care for stress management, career/life transitions, adolescent/young adult adjustments, as well as addressing a spectrum of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders.
Meet Chris, LCSW: Nurturing Well-being and Unleashing Potential. My therapeutic philosophy revolves around active engagement, practical skill-building, and the cultivation of individual strengths. Together, we'll embark on a journey to uncover your unique potential and facilitate healing across social, physical, and spiritual dimensions of your life. I specialize in providing care for stress management, career/life transitions, adolescent/young adult adjustments, as well as addressing a spectrum of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders.
(757) 834-8879 View (757) 834-8879
Photo of Alkesh Patel, LPC, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alkesh Patel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452  (Online Only)
My ideal client values efficiency, clarity, and fast results. They face high stress, relationship challenges, or a personal crisis, and need quick, actionable solutions. They're likely professionals or individuals overwhelmed by responsibilities, seeking to regain control without spending months in therapy. Their goal is to resolve issues fast, improve well-being, and reclaim balance. They want practical tools and immediate relief, focusing on real, measurable results to feel empowered and back in control of their lives.
My ideal client values efficiency, clarity, and fast results. They face high stress, relationship challenges, or a personal crisis, and need quick, actionable solutions. They're likely professionals or individuals overwhelmed by responsibilities, seeking to regain control without spending months in therapy. Their goal is to resolve issues fast, improve well-being, and reclaim balance. They want practical tools and immediate relief, focusing on real, measurable results to feel empowered and back in control of their lives.
(757) 654-5868 View (757) 654-5868
1
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 23452

300+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 23452 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
70% Self Esteem
70% Life Transitions
68% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Anthem

How Therapists in 23452 see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 23452?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.