Photo of Anne Filosa Creekmore, PsyD, Psychologist
Anne Filosa Creekmore
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23238
Please feel free to visit my website for more information; www.PsychologisitsinVirginia.com
Please feel free to visit my website for more information; www.PsychologisitsinVirginia.com
(804) 457-8907 View (804) 457-8907
Photo of Patricia McCarty, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia McCarty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238  (Online Only)
Patricia "Tricia" McCarty is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping people work through life transitions, addiction, grief/loss, chronic illness/pain, anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem. Tricia uses a humanistic approach and a variety of therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based, strength-based, narrative, acceptance and commitment, expressive art as therapy, and positive psychotherapy. Tricia completed her Master of Social Work at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Patricia "Tricia" McCarty is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping people work through life transitions, addiction, grief/loss, chronic illness/pain, anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem. Tricia uses a humanistic approach and a variety of therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based, strength-based, narrative, acceptance and commitment, expressive art as therapy, and positive psychotherapy. Tricia completed her Master of Social Work at Virginia Commonwealth University.
(804) 395-5104 View (804) 395-5104
Photo of Lori Reibach, LMFT, LPC, NCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lori Reibach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that in order to succesfully grow and make changes in your life you need support, validation, and resources. It is my goal to meet you where you are at when you are feeling most hopeless, anxious, and lost. I believe everyone has unique strengths to create change in their lives. Therapy is a way to explore and challenge yourself. Together we can find ways to reconnect to an empowered and resilient whole self. Together we can create a space where you can be vulnerable.
I believe that in order to succesfully grow and make changes in your life you need support, validation, and resources. It is my goal to meet you where you are at when you are feeling most hopeless, anxious, and lost. I believe everyone has unique strengths to create change in their lives. Therapy is a way to explore and challenge yourself. Together we can find ways to reconnect to an empowered and resilient whole self. Together we can create a space where you can be vulnerable.
(804) 636-3242 View (804) 636-3242
Photo of Wendy Couch, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Wendy Couch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
Wendy Couch is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has over 8 years of clinical experience. She works with young adults, adults, and geriatrics and has experience working in a variety of clinical settings including community mental health and the VA Department of Corrections. Wendy has worked with individuals who have depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety, substance, and alcohol use disorders. She also has experience working with individuals experiencing major life transitions including divorce, occupational changes, grief, and stress.
Wendy Couch is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has over 8 years of clinical experience. She works with young adults, adults, and geriatrics and has experience working in a variety of clinical settings including community mental health and the VA Department of Corrections. Wendy has worked with individuals who have depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety, substance, and alcohol use disorders. She also has experience working with individuals experiencing major life transitions including divorce, occupational changes, grief, and stress.
(804) 374-8907 View (804) 374-8907
Photo of Marella Stemrich Gregory, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marella Stemrich Gregory
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238  (Online Only)
Marella is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia with abundant experience in working with children, families, schools, & parents. Both professional & personal experiences have shaped her areas of interest in life transitions, grief/loss, anxiety, depression, & parenting skills. Two years of work in Shanghai, China have given her practice in the importance of culturally competent counseling, while decades of working as a School Counselor have solidified her commitment to a compassionate & collaborative approach to meeting life's challenges, while growing into one's best version of self with continued joy & value of others .
Marella is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia with abundant experience in working with children, families, schools, & parents. Both professional & personal experiences have shaped her areas of interest in life transitions, grief/loss, anxiety, depression, & parenting skills. Two years of work in Shanghai, China have given her practice in the importance of culturally competent counseling, while decades of working as a School Counselor have solidified her commitment to a compassionate & collaborative approach to meeting life's challenges, while growing into one's best version of self with continued joy & value of others .
(804) 589-5871 View (804) 589-5871
Photo of Katie Neidow Hill, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Neidow Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23238
Are you experiencing depression, anxiety, low self esteem, loss or difficulty in personal relationships? Do you feel isolated and distant from the ones you care most about? Do you desire change, but feel stuck and afraid to take the first step toward change? If so, you are not alone and there is HOPE. I provide compassionate, confidential, effective, and ethical counseling in a collaborative manner that empowers you to identify road blocks, potential solutions, and supports your work toward becoming the best you.
Are you experiencing depression, anxiety, low self esteem, loss or difficulty in personal relationships? Do you feel isolated and distant from the ones you care most about? Do you desire change, but feel stuck and afraid to take the first step toward change? If so, you are not alone and there is HOPE. I provide compassionate, confidential, effective, and ethical counseling in a collaborative manner that empowers you to identify road blocks, potential solutions, and supports your work toward becoming the best you.
(757) 517-2562 View (757) 517-2562
Full Circle Grief Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
Full Circle Grief Center's mission is to provide comprehensive professional bereavement support to children, adults, families, and communities. Since 2008, we have facilitated support groups and educational programs in Richmond and the surrounding communities. In 2018, our services expanded to include individual counseling for children (ages 3-17) and adults grieving the death of a loved one. During this one-on-one service, our therapists strive to provide a personal approach to grief support, working to understand your current needs and offering a safe place of acceptance to work through these needs.
Full Circle Grief Center's mission is to provide comprehensive professional bereavement support to children, adults, families, and communities. Since 2008, we have facilitated support groups and educational programs in Richmond and the surrounding communities. In 2018, our services expanded to include individual counseling for children (ages 3-17) and adults grieving the death of a loved one. During this one-on-one service, our therapists strive to provide a personal approach to grief support, working to understand your current needs and offering a safe place of acceptance to work through these needs.
(804) 374-9540 View (804) 374-9540
Photo of Blair S Caldwell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Blair S Caldwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23238
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety and/or depression? Do feel like your life is out of control due to obsessions with food, alcohol or drugs? Do you have unwanted behaviors that you cannot seem to change? I believe that we all have the ability to heal from emotional pain and suffering and that we sometimes need a little help to do so. Through a variety of techniques, I can help you can adjust thought processes, decrease the intensity of emotions, change behaviors, learn new skills and begin to experience a sense of peace and balance in your life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety and/or depression? Do feel like your life is out of control due to obsessions with food, alcohol or drugs? Do you have unwanted behaviors that you cannot seem to change? I believe that we all have the ability to heal from emotional pain and suffering and that we sometimes need a little help to do so. Through a variety of techniques, I can help you can adjust thought processes, decrease the intensity of emotions, change behaviors, learn new skills and begin to experience a sense of peace and balance in your life.
(804) 681-2317 View (804) 681-2317
Photo of Linda E Love - Linda E Love LCSW PC, MSW, LCSW, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda E Love LCSW PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23238
I have been in the field of helping for over 30 years. I approach therapy from a client cerntered perspective as I believe we all have the strength inside to heal but may need support and guidance to access and activate that strength to make changes. Trained in EMDR, years as an adjunct faculty with VCU, leading the USMC's behavioral health care, and certified to supervise MSWs going for licensure, provides me with a wide variety of experiences and tools to help you reach your goals. I would like an opportunity to assist you.
I have been in the field of helping for over 30 years. I approach therapy from a client cerntered perspective as I believe we all have the strength inside to heal but may need support and guidance to access and activate that strength to make changes. Trained in EMDR, years as an adjunct faculty with VCU, leading the USMC's behavioral health care, and certified to supervise MSWs going for licensure, provides me with a wide variety of experiences and tools to help you reach your goals. I would like an opportunity to assist you.
(804) 313-9032 View (804) 313-9032
Photo of Priscilla Herzberg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Priscilla Herzberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
Priscilla Herzberg is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia who partners with adults and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and trauma. She completed her Bachelor of Science in Human Development from Virginia Tech and received her Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University.
Priscilla Herzberg is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia who partners with adults and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and trauma. She completed her Bachelor of Science in Human Development from Virginia Tech and received her Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University.
(804) 258-4934 View (804) 258-4934
Photo of Kathleen Seow, LPC,  ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Seow
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23238
Welcome to those who are seeking an integrative approach to therapy. My goal is to bring holistic & evidence-based practices along with empathy and understanding to those who are seeking support. Having worked in several corporate settings, I understand the challenges many professionals face and empathize with their unique set of stressors. I also understand that confidentiality is of the utmost importance and offer to provide ultimate discretion, anonymity, and service. Therapy services include in-person and telehealth sessions and ongoing preventive care.
Welcome to those who are seeking an integrative approach to therapy. My goal is to bring holistic & evidence-based practices along with empathy and understanding to those who are seeking support. Having worked in several corporate settings, I understand the challenges many professionals face and empathize with their unique set of stressors. I also understand that confidentiality is of the utmost importance and offer to provide ultimate discretion, anonymity, and service. Therapy services include in-person and telehealth sessions and ongoing preventive care.
(804) 587-7162 View (804) 587-7162
Photo of Jaimee Jones, PhD, MA
Jaimee Jones
Resident in Counseling, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238  (Online Only)
Carl Rogers once said, “The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination.” I believe therapy helps you navigate in the direction of a good life. Therapy should be where you can come as you are: a judgment-free zone and safe space to traverse life’s challenges. I plan to walk beside you in the therapeutic process while allowing you to travel in any direction you choose. I listen, encourage, empower, and challenge you to become your best self. Throughout your self-discovery journey, I hope you can make peace with your past, be passionate about the present, and have hope for the future.
Carl Rogers once said, “The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination.” I believe therapy helps you navigate in the direction of a good life. Therapy should be where you can come as you are: a judgment-free zone and safe space to traverse life’s challenges. I plan to walk beside you in the therapeutic process while allowing you to travel in any direction you choose. I listen, encourage, empower, and challenge you to become your best self. Throughout your self-discovery journey, I hope you can make peace with your past, be passionate about the present, and have hope for the future.
(804) 374-8726 View (804) 374-8726
Photo of Don Hanback, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Don Hanback
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23238
I have been working in the behavioral health field for over 25 years, primarily with adults, who are experiencing substance abuse, and related issues. I try to provide a safe environment where individuals can begin to relate their story, and experience grace and truth over time to grow and heal.
I have been working in the behavioral health field for over 25 years, primarily with adults, who are experiencing substance abuse, and related issues. I try to provide a safe environment where individuals can begin to relate their story, and experience grace and truth over time to grow and heal.
(804) 286-4829 View (804) 286-4829
Photo of Brian T Hill, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brian T Hill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23238  (Online Only)
Do you ask yourself "why do I feel this way?" or "how did I get here?" or "where am I going in life?" Exploring the inner world can be daunting, and I am interested in helping individuals navigate that path safely, mindfully, and with clear vision and awareness. I'm comfortable working with clients from diverse and varied backgrounds, and I've worked in outpatient and community mental health, intensive residential, hospitals and correctional settings. As a result, I've developed a real respect for the many ways we all deal with issues and struggle through life the best we can.
Do you ask yourself "why do I feel this way?" or "how did I get here?" or "where am I going in life?" Exploring the inner world can be daunting, and I am interested in helping individuals navigate that path safely, mindfully, and with clear vision and awareness. I'm comfortable working with clients from diverse and varied backgrounds, and I've worked in outpatient and community mental health, intensive residential, hospitals and correctional settings. As a result, I've developed a real respect for the many ways we all deal with issues and struggle through life the best we can.
(804) 767-4873 View (804) 767-4873
Photo of Milo Harris, MSW, LGSW
Milo Harris
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238
Not accepting new clients
Given the climate we find ourselves in, it can be difficult to slow down, to pause. If you feel like you struggle with accessing and processing your emotions, have difficulty with a life event or transition, want to change habits, struggle in relationships, or are uncomfortable in your body, I'm here for you. I work with individual clients ages 3 and up, adults, and romantic/intimate partners to explore communication with self and others using mindfulness and evidence-based practices to develop holistic and lasting care. I offer telehealth in all of VA and DC, and in-person sessions are available at my office located in Henrico, VA.
Given the climate we find ourselves in, it can be difficult to slow down, to pause. If you feel like you struggle with accessing and processing your emotions, have difficulty with a life event or transition, want to change habits, struggle in relationships, or are uncomfortable in your body, I'm here for you. I work with individual clients ages 3 and up, adults, and romantic/intimate partners to explore communication with self and others using mindfulness and evidence-based practices to develop holistic and lasting care. I offer telehealth in all of VA and DC, and in-person sessions are available at my office located in Henrico, VA.
(804) 494-4009 View (804) 494-4009
Photo of Ashley S Davis, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley S Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238  (Online Only)
Many clients I work with grew up with emotionally unavailable or narcissistic parents and want to heal and get to know themselves now. I also work with many adult survivors of narcissistic relationships. Many experience strong feelings of self doubt, self blame, confusion, feeling "not good enough," and find themselves ruminating on the relationship. There is often a deep need for validation and clarity about what choices they have for navigating the challenges in their relationship(s), setting boundaries, and honoring their own needs.
Many clients I work with grew up with emotionally unavailable or narcissistic parents and want to heal and get to know themselves now. I also work with many adult survivors of narcissistic relationships. Many experience strong feelings of self doubt, self blame, confusion, feeling "not good enough," and find themselves ruminating on the relationship. There is often a deep need for validation and clarity about what choices they have for navigating the challenges in their relationship(s), setting boundaries, and honoring their own needs.
(571) 451-2013 View (571) 451-2013
Photo of David Turner, MSSW, LCSW, DCFC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW, DCFC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23238  (Online Only)
I have been assisting people to overcome depression, anxiety and to repair relationships seemingly in free-fall for more than 40 years. Because there is no shortcut to peace and well-being, treatment is open-ended, tailored to each person's unique needs. Teletherapy by computer, tablet, and smartphone is available for individual, couple, and group treatment sessions. With COVID-19, Shelter-in-Place puts even more stress on relationships and employment. Alcohol, drug use, and porn addiction can make relationships even harder. I have much experience assisting addicts to achieve a more peaceful and productive life for self and family.
I have been assisting people to overcome depression, anxiety and to repair relationships seemingly in free-fall for more than 40 years. Because there is no shortcut to peace and well-being, treatment is open-ended, tailored to each person's unique needs. Teletherapy by computer, tablet, and smartphone is available for individual, couple, and group treatment sessions. With COVID-19, Shelter-in-Place puts even more stress on relationships and employment. Alcohol, drug use, and porn addiction can make relationships even harder. I have much experience assisting addicts to achieve a more peaceful and productive life for self and family.
(804) 445-2106 View (804) 445-2106
Photo of Jerry L Mize, MA, MEd, NCC
Jerry L Mize
Resident in Counseling, MA, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238
I welcome individuals and couples who are struggling with sex/intimacy, anxiety, trauma, and identity. Navigating life's challenges can often feel isolating. If you've ever felt hesitant or unsure about discussing topics that many consider unconventional or taboo, know that you've found a welcoming space here. We could also work on processing traumas and anxiety, and building your coping toolbox. I'm also a strong advocate (and part of) the LGBTQIA+ community, poly aware, and kink/BDSM aware. I'm continuously updating my knowledge to stay informed of the latest insights, ensuring that I offer relevant and evidence-based approaches.
I welcome individuals and couples who are struggling with sex/intimacy, anxiety, trauma, and identity. Navigating life's challenges can often feel isolating. If you've ever felt hesitant or unsure about discussing topics that many consider unconventional or taboo, know that you've found a welcoming space here. We could also work on processing traumas and anxiety, and building your coping toolbox. I'm also a strong advocate (and part of) the LGBTQIA+ community, poly aware, and kink/BDSM aware. I'm continuously updating my knowledge to stay informed of the latest insights, ensuring that I offer relevant and evidence-based approaches.
(804) 259-0679 View (804) 259-0679
Photo of Sirena Marie Pangelinan, LPC-R, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sirena Marie Pangelinan
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R, MS
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
Sirena has received an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, and has nearly 10 years of professional experience with clients from all walks of life. Sirena has worked in a myriad of different counseling realms, including work with children, adolescents, adults, geriatric clients, families, couples, residential facilities for individuals with severe mental illness, intellectual disabilities and eating disorders; and the complex array of concerns that overlap these diverse individuals. Sirena's ideal client includes those open to lasting change, recovery, and healing. She is invested in those who are invested in healing and growth.
Sirena has received an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, and has nearly 10 years of professional experience with clients from all walks of life. Sirena has worked in a myriad of different counseling realms, including work with children, adolescents, adults, geriatric clients, families, couples, residential facilities for individuals with severe mental illness, intellectual disabilities and eating disorders; and the complex array of concerns that overlap these diverse individuals. Sirena's ideal client includes those open to lasting change, recovery, and healing. She is invested in those who are invested in healing and growth.
(804) 587-8339 View (804) 587-8339
Photo of Wendy Wasserstrom - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Henrico, Counselor
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Henrico
Counselor
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(804) 376-1032 View (804) 376-1032
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 23238

50+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 23238 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
84% Coping Skills
82% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
67% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
74% BlueCross and BlueShield
74% Anthem

How Therapists in 23238 see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 23238?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.