Photo of Dale Pickett, MS,  LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dale Pickett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
New Market, VA 22844
I value helping others to address challenges that are commonly associated with life transitions, performance anxiety, depression and substance use. I utilize evidence based practices in coalition with integrative techniques that aid in effective treatment outcomes. It is my goal to aid in others in their ability to create meaningful lives.
I value helping others to address challenges that are commonly associated with life transitions, performance anxiety, depression and substance use. I utilize evidence based practices in coalition with integrative techniques that aid in effective treatment outcomes. It is my goal to aid in others in their ability to create meaningful lives.
(540) 426-3218 View (540) 426-3218
Photo of Alimatu Mustapha-Palmer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alimatu Mustapha-Palmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
New Market, VA 22844
I am Alimatu Mustapha- Palmer (nee Alima Palmer),PhD., NCC, LPC, MAC, CSAC, BCC. I have been in the world of behavioral health and services for the past 25 years. I am experienced and well-credentialed including several board certifications, awards, and recognitions. My experience includes conducting trainings, workshops, and assessments and working with individuals, families, groups, non-profits, local and international government agencies including DSS- CPS, law enforcement, minority populations, specific women and children’s issues, spirituality, cultural dynamics, marriage, divorce, life transitions, coaching and more.
I am Alimatu Mustapha- Palmer (nee Alima Palmer),PhD., NCC, LPC, MAC, CSAC, BCC. I have been in the world of behavioral health and services for the past 25 years. I am experienced and well-credentialed including several board certifications, awards, and recognitions. My experience includes conducting trainings, workshops, and assessments and working with individuals, families, groups, non-profits, local and international government agencies including DSS- CPS, law enforcement, minority populations, specific women and children’s issues, spirituality, cultural dynamics, marriage, divorce, life transitions, coaching and more.
(804) 626-5653 View (804) 626-5653
Photo of David Buruchara, Pre-Licensed Professional
David Buruchara
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
New Market, VA 22844
Waitlist for new clients
Hello there! I help couples navigate painful relationship challenges and intimacy issues to rebuild trust and restore meaningful connection.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ While couples are my focus, I also work with individuals dealing with issues such as sex/porn addiction, ADHD, anxiety, depression, burnout, betrayal trauma, family and interpersonal issues .
Hello there! I help couples navigate painful relationship challenges and intimacy issues to rebuild trust and restore meaningful connection.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ While couples are my focus, I also work with individuals dealing with issues such as sex/porn addiction, ADHD, anxiety, depression, burnout, betrayal trauma, family and interpersonal issues .
(540) 726-6777 View (540) 726-6777
Photo of Robin Beck, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robin Beck
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
New Market, VA 22844
Welcome! My name is Robin Beck and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I will work with individuals, couples, and families experiencing depression, anxiety, bipolar, trauma, PTSD, substance use as a comorbid issue, ADHD, adjustment disorder, anger management, behavioral issues, and relational issues. I specialize in CBT, DBT, person-centered, positive psychology, solution-focused, existential, and trauma-informed therapy when working with clients. I believe once the root of the problem is discovered, we can process it and find positive strategies to heal through the painful core issue.
Welcome! My name is Robin Beck and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I will work with individuals, couples, and families experiencing depression, anxiety, bipolar, trauma, PTSD, substance use as a comorbid issue, ADHD, adjustment disorder, anger management, behavioral issues, and relational issues. I specialize in CBT, DBT, person-centered, positive psychology, solution-focused, existential, and trauma-informed therapy when working with clients. I believe once the root of the problem is discovered, we can process it and find positive strategies to heal through the painful core issue.
(757) 982-8063 View (757) 982-8063
Photo of Gregory Dams, LCP, Psychologist
Gregory Dams
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
New Market, VA 22844
I'm Greg Dams, a licensed clinical psychologist based in Roanoke, Virginia, offering statewide telehealth services. Specializing in anxiety, OCD, and depression, I use evidence-based therapies like CBT to help adults and older adolescents achieve their goals, fostering a positive outlook on life through warm, client-centered care. I typically work with adults experiencing anxiety disorders, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive and related conditions, depression, and PTSD.
I'm Greg Dams, a licensed clinical psychologist based in Roanoke, Virginia, offering statewide telehealth services. Specializing in anxiety, OCD, and depression, I use evidence-based therapies like CBT to help adults and older adolescents achieve their goals, fostering a positive outlook on life through warm, client-centered care. I typically work with adults experiencing anxiety disorders, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive and related conditions, depression, and PTSD.
(571) 604-5394 View (571) 604-5394
Photo of Laurie Weese - More Than Words Therapy, LLC, CADC, Ht, Reiki, Licensed Professional Counselor
More Than Words Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, CADC, Ht, Reiki
Verified Verified
New Market, VA 22844
Accepting hypnosis and Reiki therapy clients! Flexible evenings & weekend hours. I'm a licensed professional counselor, hypnotherapist, &substance abuse counselor. I offer a safe & supportive environment to process your thoughts, feelings, worries, and concerns. My approach is client-centered, compassionate & collaborative. Together, we will use a variety of therapeutic tools/techniques that focus on your inner strengths, abilities, and resources to help you reach your goals. I have flexibility with appt times, so just email me if you need a time not on my schedule. See the website link for appt times.
Accepting hypnosis and Reiki therapy clients! Flexible evenings & weekend hours. I'm a licensed professional counselor, hypnotherapist, &substance abuse counselor. I offer a safe & supportive environment to process your thoughts, feelings, worries, and concerns. My approach is client-centered, compassionate & collaborative. Together, we will use a variety of therapeutic tools/techniques that focus on your inner strengths, abilities, and resources to help you reach your goals. I have flexibility with appt times, so just email me if you need a time not on my schedule. See the website link for appt times.
(540) 573-2203 View (540) 573-2203
Photo of Allison K Garcia, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allison K Garcia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New Market, VA 22844
Not accepting new clients
I am NOT currently accepting new clients. Having worked in adult community mental health for 20 years, I've had the privilege to counsel clients with a range of diagnoses, including dual diagnosis/co-occurring disorders, substance use disorders, PTSD/trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and serious mental illness. I am bilingual in both English and Spanish and work solely with adults. As part of the LGBTQ+/queer community, I am passionate about working with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
I am NOT currently accepting new clients. Having worked in adult community mental health for 20 years, I've had the privilege to counsel clients with a range of diagnoses, including dual diagnosis/co-occurring disorders, substance use disorders, PTSD/trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and serious mental illness. I am bilingual in both English and Spanish and work solely with adults. As part of the LGBTQ+/queer community, I am passionate about working with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
(540) 210-0903 View (540) 210-0903

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kathryn N Walkley, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathryn N Walkley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Broadway, VA 22815  (Online Only)
Lonely but not alone. Another scroll through your social feed - Wedding pics. A baby on the way. A new house. Those couples look so annoyingly happy. And here you are. With YOUR partner thinking, “Where's our happily ever after?" In the beginning, you had so much fun together - talking and laughing for hours - but now you haven’t had a real conversation in weeks. And what’s the point in talking? It’s just fight after fight. You thought you had so much in common. Now, you're not sure you even KNOW who your partner is anymore. Romance, intimacy, and trust are long gone. "Would it be better if we just called it quits?"
Lonely but not alone. Another scroll through your social feed - Wedding pics. A baby on the way. A new house. Those couples look so annoyingly happy. And here you are. With YOUR partner thinking, “Where's our happily ever after?" In the beginning, you had so much fun together - talking and laughing for hours - but now you haven’t had a real conversation in weeks. And what’s the point in talking? It’s just fight after fight. You thought you had so much in common. Now, you're not sure you even KNOW who your partner is anymore. Romance, intimacy, and trust are long gone. "Would it be better if we just called it quits?"
(540) 324-9079 View (540) 324-9079
Photo of Deveney Elizabeth Quinney, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deveney Elizabeth Quinney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals and believe that the therapeutic relationship can be a catalyst for an array of life affirming changes. Every individual has the right to find peace, joy and satisfaction in life. Often our inner dialogues, messages we've received from others, as well as traumatic and painful life experiences can interfere with our ability to find peace. In our work together, my goal will be to assist you in reaching whatever it is that you define as the best life for you.
I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals and believe that the therapeutic relationship can be a catalyst for an array of life affirming changes. Every individual has the right to find peace, joy and satisfaction in life. Often our inner dialogues, messages we've received from others, as well as traumatic and painful life experiences can interfere with our ability to find peace. In our work together, my goal will be to assist you in reaching whatever it is that you define as the best life for you.
(540) 534-0313 View (540) 534-0313
Photo of Barbara Jerichen, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Barbara Jerichen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Broadway, VA 22815
***Now Accepting NEW CLIENTS*** I am a licensed professional counselor who has a Master's of Science in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and Bachelor's and Master's from James Madison University in teaching. I have served children in the educational setting in the U.S. and the Middle East for over 20 years, through teaching, coaching, and counseling. I was born and raised in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia where I live with husband and son.
***Now Accepting NEW CLIENTS*** I am a licensed professional counselor who has a Master's of Science in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and Bachelor's and Master's from James Madison University in teaching. I have served children in the educational setting in the U.S. and the Middle East for over 20 years, through teaching, coaching, and counseling. I was born and raised in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia where I live with husband and son.
(540) 516-4343 View (540) 516-4343
Photo of Jamie Hiner, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jamie Hiner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Broadway, VA 22815
Waitlist for new clients
Current waitlist. No afternoon/evening appointments available currently. I am passionate about sitting in the metaphorical darkness with clients, whether that is grief, trauma, depression, anxiety, self harm, life transitions, or questioning about identity. Together we will hold space to explore whatever struggles you may bring into the room. All genders, races, and sexual orientations are welcome. I am currently seeing adult clients who are located in Virginia in person or via telehealth services with a focus on college students, emerging adults, and first/crisis responders, ages 18+.
Current waitlist. No afternoon/evening appointments available currently. I am passionate about sitting in the metaphorical darkness with clients, whether that is grief, trauma, depression, anxiety, self harm, life transitions, or questioning about identity. Together we will hold space to explore whatever struggles you may bring into the room. All genders, races, and sexual orientations are welcome. I am currently seeing adult clients who are located in Virginia in person or via telehealth services with a focus on college students, emerging adults, and first/crisis responders, ages 18+.
(540) 426-3948 View (540) 426-3948
Photo of Ellison M. Cale, PhD, Psychologist
Ellison M. Cale
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815
I take time to clearly understand each client's problems, goals, and preferences, and then we work together to develop a treatment plan specific to these needs. Based on my experience, clients need to know that their problems are fully understood. When this occurs, they oftentimes feel that their problems are truly validated. Also, when a treatment plan is geared towards someone's specific needs, this offers hope and motivation for change. Clients have repeatedly given me the feedback that (1) I truly understand their problems and (2) I collaboratively work with them to develop tools for addressing their difficulties.
I take time to clearly understand each client's problems, goals, and preferences, and then we work together to develop a treatment plan specific to these needs. Based on my experience, clients need to know that their problems are fully understood. When this occurs, they oftentimes feel that their problems are truly validated. Also, when a treatment plan is geared towards someone's specific needs, this offers hope and motivation for change. Clients have repeatedly given me the feedback that (1) I truly understand their problems and (2) I collaboratively work with them to develop tools for addressing their difficulties.
(540) 426-0447 View (540) 426-0447
Photo of Elizabeth Resto, MA, LPC, Counselor
Elizabeth Resto
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815
Life can be overwhelming and confusing, beyond our external control. Having a safe space to process or begin an intentional healing journey can make life feel more manageable. In my counseling work, I believe our unique life stories, with all their complexities, are important and deserve to be held and heard. Sharing with others is a way to remind us that while our stories are unique, we are not alone in experiencing struggle. There are healing properties in connection with others and in community, something that counseling can help strengthen. I strive to empower my client’s as agents of their own change and growth.
Life can be overwhelming and confusing, beyond our external control. Having a safe space to process or begin an intentional healing journey can make life feel more manageable. In my counseling work, I believe our unique life stories, with all their complexities, are important and deserve to be held and heard. Sharing with others is a way to remind us that while our stories are unique, we are not alone in experiencing struggle. There are healing properties in connection with others and in community, something that counseling can help strengthen. I strive to empower my client’s as agents of their own change and growth.
(540) 425-0769 View (540) 425-0769
Photo of Robin C Windsor, LPC, Counselor
Robin C Windsor
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Mount Jackson, VA 22842
Accepting New Clients. I offer HIPPA compliant online video counseling sessions as well as in-person sessions. Depression, anxiety and adjustment issues are areas in which I have extensive experience. Adult Children of Alcoholics and persons dealing with narcissitic abuse are specialty areas in which I work. I have a great affinity for working with clients who are suffering with grief and loss issues such as a death or loss of a relationship. I enjoy working with active duty military members, their families and veterans. I also offer supervision for LPC licensure (Board Approved). Please e-mail for appointment.
Accepting New Clients. I offer HIPPA compliant online video counseling sessions as well as in-person sessions. Depression, anxiety and adjustment issues are areas in which I have extensive experience. Adult Children of Alcoholics and persons dealing with narcissitic abuse are specialty areas in which I work. I have a great affinity for working with clients who are suffering with grief and loss issues such as a death or loss of a relationship. I enjoy working with active duty military members, their families and veterans. I also offer supervision for LPC licensure (Board Approved). Please e-mail for appointment.
(540) 426-3517 View (540) 426-3517
Photo of Amanda Casius, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Casius
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I am Amanda Casius and I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for the past 20 years specializing in working with adolescents and adults. I assist clients who are dealing with symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma, mood disorders, and transition issues. My job as a counselor is to assist my clients in reaching their goals. I want my clients to be in control of their life versus their symptoms and struggles being in control of them. I believe we can all reach our goals and live a fulfilled life, we just need a helping hand to clear the path and see our way a bit better.
Hello! I am Amanda Casius and I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for the past 20 years specializing in working with adolescents and adults. I assist clients who are dealing with symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma, mood disorders, and transition issues. My job as a counselor is to assist my clients in reaching their goals. I want my clients to be in control of their life versus their symptoms and struggles being in control of them. I believe we can all reach our goals and live a fulfilled life, we just need a helping hand to clear the path and see our way a bit better.
(540) 560-2963 View (540) 560-2963
Photo of Joseph Lynch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joseph Lynch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815  (Online Only)
Did you know that if you are in Virginia you can receive online therapy from any Virginia licensed mental health professional located anywhere in Virginia. I have been in practice for 45 years. Yes, that means I am old. I am 70 years old. For some folks that is an automatic not interested. For others it is worth checking this person out. I have a lot of life experience. I have 3 children. One is my biological daughter; one is my stepson, and one is my adopted son. That means I have experience as a biological parent, a stepparent, and an adoptive parent. Those three types of parents have some similarities and some differences.
Did you know that if you are in Virginia you can receive online therapy from any Virginia licensed mental health professional located anywhere in Virginia. I have been in practice for 45 years. Yes, that means I am old. I am 70 years old. For some folks that is an automatic not interested. For others it is worth checking this person out. I have a lot of life experience. I have 3 children. One is my biological daughter; one is my stepson, and one is my adopted son. That means I have experience as a biological parent, a stepparent, and an adoptive parent. Those three types of parents have some similarities and some differences.
(540) 502-3726 View (540) 502-3726
Photo of Renee McDaniel Flowers, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Renee McDaniel Flowers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815
Most of my clients are looking for better ways to manage anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief, and/or abusive relationships. Some are teenagers, some adults. No matter the age, they seek balance, meaning, and truth. They want to be better & show up in more positive ways for themselves and the ones they love. The most successful clients are those who are honest, open to feedback, and who are willing to do the work, to practice the new skills they are learning outside the counseling room. They're not afraid to grow and change.
Most of my clients are looking for better ways to manage anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief, and/or abusive relationships. Some are teenagers, some adults. No matter the age, they seek balance, meaning, and truth. They want to be better & show up in more positive ways for themselves and the ones they love. The most successful clients are those who are honest, open to feedback, and who are willing to do the work, to practice the new skills they are learning outside the counseling room. They're not afraid to grow and change.
(540) 299-1589 View (540) 299-1589
Photo of Faith Purdie- Shenandoah Counseling, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Faith Purdie- Shenandoah Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Broadway, VA 22815  (Online Only)
OPEN spots available now. If you are feeling overwhelmed by life and having problems coping or having problems in your relationships and struggling to create the life you want. I am here to educate, support, and offer change. If you are struggling with anxiety and/or depression or are grieving a loss we can work together to manage symptoms and alleviate the heaviness. I would be honored to walk beside you as you brave a new way of being and work towards your goals.
OPEN spots available now. If you are feeling overwhelmed by life and having problems coping or having problems in your relationships and struggling to create the life you want. I am here to educate, support, and offer change. If you are struggling with anxiety and/or depression or are grieving a loss we can work together to manage symptoms and alleviate the heaviness. I would be honored to walk beside you as you brave a new way of being and work towards your goals.
(540) 205-3088 View (540) 205-3088
Photo of April Hepler - Adagio House, Licensed Professional Counselor
Adagio House
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815
At Adagio House, we are reimagining care for caregivers and their disabled loved ones. We believe in the healing power of belonging, meeting our clients where they are, and helping them create healthy relationships in their journey of growth and healing.
At Adagio House, we are reimagining care for caregivers and their disabled loved ones. We believe in the healing power of belonging, meeting our clients where they are, and helping them create healthy relationships in their journey of growth and healing.
(540) 787-2194 View (540) 787-2194
Photo of Sarah Ketchum, MS, LPC-R, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sarah Ketchum
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Broadway, VA 22815
Not accepting new clients
Hi there! My name is Sarah, and I am a resident in counseling who received my B.A in psychology at James Madison University, and completed my Master’s of Science in clinical mental health counseling at Radford University. I am originally from Frederick, Maryland, but moved to Virginia to begin my career. I began working briefly as a crisis counselor, and transitioned into working intensive in-home with adolescents during my Master’s program. I currently work as a behavioral therapist serving all populations in a local hospital as well!
Hi there! My name is Sarah, and I am a resident in counseling who received my B.A in psychology at James Madison University, and completed my Master’s of Science in clinical mental health counseling at Radford University. I am originally from Frederick, Maryland, but moved to Virginia to begin my career. I began working briefly as a crisis counselor, and transitioned into working intensive in-home with adolescents during my Master’s program. I currently work as a behavioral therapist serving all populations in a local hospital as well!
(540) 202-2064 View (540) 202-2064

See more therapy options for 22844

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 22844

< 10

Therapists in 22844 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
86% Depression
86% Trauma and PTSD
86% Stress
71% Coping Skills
71% Self Esteem
71% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Anthem

How Therapists in 22844 see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

43% Female
43% Male
14% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 22844?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.