Photo of Carin Lefkowitz, PsyD, Psychologist
Carin Lefkowitz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080  (Online Only)
Do you have trouble sleeping? Do you find yourself thinking about things you wish you could leave in the past? Are you struggling with anxiety, worry, or feeling disconnected? Are nightmares keeping you awake? My practice focuses on trauma recovery and sleep problems. Some of my clients deal with both of these issues, while some are only affected by one. But both have a major impact on all areas of life, including mood, relationships, school/work, and physical health. Many of my clients feel helpless because other treatments did not work. I practice evidence-based therapy that can help even if other treatments have failed.
Do you have trouble sleeping? Do you find yourself thinking about things you wish you could leave in the past? Are you struggling with anxiety, worry, or feeling disconnected? Are nightmares keeping you awake? My practice focuses on trauma recovery and sleep problems. Some of my clients deal with both of these issues, while some are only affected by one. But both have a major impact on all areas of life, including mood, relationships, school/work, and physical health. Many of my clients feel helpless because other treatments did not work. I practice evidence-based therapy that can help even if other treatments have failed.
(215) 935-4017 View (215) 935-4017
Photo of Kayla DonFrancesco, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kayla DonFrancesco
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19080  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my passion lies in collaboratively working with adults, guiding them through the therapeutic process while supporting self-reflection, insight, and understanding patterns of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that become troublesome and ineffective. I provide a safe and unbiased environment to find a healthy and effective balance in life as daily stressors and events can be challenging and overwhelming to manage. Through individualized treatment planning, my approach is solution focused and personalized to fit the needs of each individual to effect personal change, develop healthy coping skills, and progress towards meaningful goals.
As a therapist, my passion lies in collaboratively working with adults, guiding them through the therapeutic process while supporting self-reflection, insight, and understanding patterns of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that become troublesome and ineffective. I provide a safe and unbiased environment to find a healthy and effective balance in life as daily stressors and events can be challenging and overwhelming to manage. Through individualized treatment planning, my approach is solution focused and personalized to fit the needs of each individual to effect personal change, develop healthy coping skills, and progress towards meaningful goals.
(215) 584-4284 View (215) 584-4284
Photo of Wendy Simkin, Psychologist
Wendy Simkin
Psychologist
Not Verified Not Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
I am a licensed psychologist in greater Valley Forge with over 20 years psycho-therapeutic experience. I have a warm, gentle manner and I love partnering with young adults, women and children. I use a relational approach and tailored strategies for stress management, depression, learning and parenting challenges, and difficult life transitions. Life's transitions can bring excitement, as well as stress and worries. In our partnership, you can gain new perspectives and move beyond set-backs, challenges and loss, learning strategies to feel well prepared for your future. My experience provides perspective to help towards a more satisfying journey.
I am a licensed psychologist in greater Valley Forge with over 20 years psycho-therapeutic experience. I have a warm, gentle manner and I love partnering with young adults, women and children. I use a relational approach and tailored strategies for stress management, depression, learning and parenting challenges, and difficult life transitions. Life's transitions can bring excitement, as well as stress and worries. In our partnership, you can gain new perspectives and move beyond set-backs, challenges and loss, learning strategies to feel well prepared for your future. My experience provides perspective to help towards a more satisfying journey.
(215) 515-6415 View (215) 515-6415
Photo of Herbert Rappaport, PhD, Psychologist
Herbert Rappaport
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
Understanding and expertise are what clients most need when they seek psychological help. My extensive experience in diverse therapy and business settings allows me to quickly grasp the problems which are presented. In short, according to my clients, "I get them". I have developed a future oriented therapy approach and deal with anxiety, depression, marital/family issues, lack of direction, and conflict related to career and management. My style is friendly, engaging, active and always aligned with the specific needs, circumstances and realistic goals of my clients.
Understanding and expertise are what clients most need when they seek psychological help. My extensive experience in diverse therapy and business settings allows me to quickly grasp the problems which are presented. In short, according to my clients, "I get them". I have developed a future oriented therapy approach and deal with anxiety, depression, marital/family issues, lack of direction, and conflict related to career and management. My style is friendly, engaging, active and always aligned with the specific needs, circumstances and realistic goals of my clients.
(215) 515-2656 View (215) 515-2656
Photo of Jen Donovan, LCSW, CEDS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jen Donovan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEDS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19080
Welcome! I'm a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist and provide counseling for individuals with eating disorders, disordered eating, anxiety and body image concerns. I also have advanced training through the Postpartum Stress Center and Postpartum Support International. I provide maternal mental health support throughout the prenatal and postpartum periods. Lastly, I specialize in the treatment of trauma and PTSD and utilize Cognitive Processing Therapy.
Welcome! I'm a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist and provide counseling for individuals with eating disorders, disordered eating, anxiety and body image concerns. I also have advanced training through the Postpartum Stress Center and Postpartum Support International. I provide maternal mental health support throughout the prenatal and postpartum periods. Lastly, I specialize in the treatment of trauma and PTSD and utilize Cognitive Processing Therapy.
(610) 601-3545 View (610) 601-3545
Photo of Idit Trope, PhD, Psychologist
Idit Trope
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
I conduct neuropsychological and psycho-educational evaluations with children and adults. I assess for psychological/psychiatric and brain-related issues, including traumatic brain injury and concussion, toxic exposure, such as lead poisoning, ADHD, learning disabilities, dementia, stroke, anoxia, epilepsy, etc. I also assess patients who are involved in litigation and I serve as an expert witness in court.
I conduct neuropsychological and psycho-educational evaluations with children and adults. I assess for psychological/psychiatric and brain-related issues, including traumatic brain injury and concussion, toxic exposure, such as lead poisoning, ADHD, learning disabilities, dementia, stroke, anoxia, epilepsy, etc. I also assess patients who are involved in litigation and I serve as an expert witness in court.
(610) 991-7147 View (610) 991-7147
Photo of Jed Yalof, PsyD, ABPP, ABSNP, ABAP, ABP, Psychologist
Jed Yalof
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP, ABSNP, ABAP, ABP
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
Thank you for visiting my profile page. I work with clients who have different types of problems (e.g., anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationships). My doctorate is in clinical psychology. I am licensed in eight states (PA, NY, NJ, CO, CA, DC, MA, WI) and authorized for interjurisdictional telepsychology practice under PSYPACT. I am board certified in clinical psychology, adult psychoanalysis, school neuropsychology, and assessment psychology; have certification in school psychology; and am a Training and Supervising Analyst affiliated with the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia.
Thank you for visiting my profile page. I work with clients who have different types of problems (e.g., anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationships). My doctorate is in clinical psychology. I am licensed in eight states (PA, NY, NJ, CO, CA, DC, MA, WI) and authorized for interjurisdictional telepsychology practice under PSYPACT. I am board certified in clinical psychology, adult psychoanalysis, school neuropsychology, and assessment psychology; have certification in school psychology; and am a Training and Supervising Analyst affiliated with the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia.
(484) 577-2345 View (484) 577-2345
Photo of Intissar Ben Halim, MSS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Intissar Ben Halim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19080
Waitlist for new clients
I approach the therapeutic relationship with a deep conviction and trust in the process. I deeply engage and connect with clients on a heart, mind, and body level, rather than through the lens of a diagnosis or label they may have acquired along the way. I believe that each person is their own expert. Cultivating better contact with oneself, and learning to be more compassionate and supportive towards self is foundational for the therapeutic process I hold and facilitate. I enjoy working with a diverse group of clientele, especially those with anxiety, depression, and relational disruptions.
I approach the therapeutic relationship with a deep conviction and trust in the process. I deeply engage and connect with clients on a heart, mind, and body level, rather than through the lens of a diagnosis or label they may have acquired along the way. I believe that each person is their own expert. Cultivating better contact with oneself, and learning to be more compassionate and supportive towards self is foundational for the therapeutic process I hold and facilitate. I enjoy working with a diverse group of clientele, especially those with anxiety, depression, and relational disruptions.
(484) 986-2166 View (484) 986-2166
Photo of Lindsay Breeden, PhD, Psychologist
Lindsay Breeden
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
I work best with older adolescents, adults and couples seeking a therapy relationship to count on as long as the work is helpful. I've provided brief treatment many times, but if you're in a rush, I'm probably not your ideal therapist. In 30+ years, I've come to believe that satisfaction in life and relationships depends largely on the quality of your relationship with yourself. Therapy is a process of exploring how you came to be where you are; looking at life in new ways; and risking new behaviors reflecting who you really are and what you want. Lasting change takes time.
I work best with older adolescents, adults and couples seeking a therapy relationship to count on as long as the work is helpful. I've provided brief treatment many times, but if you're in a rush, I'm probably not your ideal therapist. In 30+ years, I've come to believe that satisfaction in life and relationships depends largely on the quality of your relationship with yourself. Therapy is a process of exploring how you came to be where you are; looking at life in new ways; and risking new behaviors reflecting who you really are and what you want. Lasting change takes time.
(610) 719-3035 View (610) 719-3035
Photo of Sara Bressi, PhD, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Bressi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19080
My primary goal is to create a safe environment for my clients to examine the issues that are most important to achieving health, happiness, and greater satisfaction with life and relationships.
My primary goal is to create a safe environment for my clients to examine the issues that are most important to achieving health, happiness, and greater satisfaction with life and relationships.
(215) 995-3005 View (215) 995-3005
Photo of Phyllis H. Ivey, MEd, AACC
Phyllis H. Ivey
MEd, AACC
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
When families walk through my door, they immediately realize they’re in a judgement-free and trusting place where relief, support and reaching their potential can happen; what they’ve been searching for. My approach through Coaching is strength-based, solution-focused and collaborative. My special areas of interest and expertise include guiding families to prepare their children through divorce and working with teens and adults with ADHD and Executive Function challenges to build strategies that work for their brain wiring. I also help teens and adults with lingering concussion symptoms to navigate their lives with more ease.
When families walk through my door, they immediately realize they’re in a judgement-free and trusting place where relief, support and reaching their potential can happen; what they’ve been searching for. My approach through Coaching is strength-based, solution-focused and collaborative. My special areas of interest and expertise include guiding families to prepare their children through divorce and working with teens and adults with ADHD and Executive Function challenges to build strategies that work for their brain wiring. I also help teens and adults with lingering concussion symptoms to navigate their lives with more ease.
(610) 595-4239 View (610) 595-4239
Photo of Melissa Markowitz, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Markowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19080
Are you feeling stuck or struggling with life's challenges? Dealing with overwhelming anxiety or stress that is impacting your overall happiness and sense of wellbeing? Taking the first step can be difficult but as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am here to help you on your therapeutic journey and start the healing process. I will help you navigate life's challenges and understand your past through integrative techniques to help you heal, grow and thrive. I will help you gain a better understanding of yourself and heal from the past while providing resources to resolve emotions and have the happiness you desire.
Are you feeling stuck or struggling with life's challenges? Dealing with overwhelming anxiety or stress that is impacting your overall happiness and sense of wellbeing? Taking the first step can be difficult but as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am here to help you on your therapeutic journey and start the healing process. I will help you navigate life's challenges and understand your past through integrative techniques to help you heal, grow and thrive. I will help you gain a better understanding of yourself and heal from the past while providing resources to resolve emotions and have the happiness you desire.
(610) 616-5890 View (610) 616-5890
Photo of Tara Elliot, MA, LPC, RYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tara Elliot
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RYT
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080  (Online Only)
I strive to create a safe, supportive environment to explore many of life's difficulties including complex trauma, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationship/attachment issues, self-esteem, chronic illness, phobias, loss & grief, mood disorders, & spiritual issues. Using an integrated approach, I incorporate different styles and techniques tailored to each individual's needs supporting the whole person with a mind-body-spirit approach. Working together, we increase self-awareness through the use of breathwork, meditation, and mindfulness as we facilitate the process of psychological & emotional healing.
I strive to create a safe, supportive environment to explore many of life's difficulties including complex trauma, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationship/attachment issues, self-esteem, chronic illness, phobias, loss & grief, mood disorders, & spiritual issues. Using an integrated approach, I incorporate different styles and techniques tailored to each individual's needs supporting the whole person with a mind-body-spirit approach. Working together, we increase self-awareness through the use of breathwork, meditation, and mindfulness as we facilitate the process of psychological & emotional healing.
(610) 756-0896 View (610) 756-0896
Photo of Neeka S Stanley - EMDR Intensives with Neeka Stanley, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
EMDR Intensives with Neeka Stanley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19080
Do you want to make a big change in your life? EMDR Therapy intensives give you the opportunity to spend several hours a day, for 1-10 days in close proximity, with one therapist, focusing on your healing. We have all gone through hard things in life and often have internalized negative messages and memories from those times. These can block us from living the lives we really want. EMDR is a therapeutic approach that can heal those stuck memories and free up your energy for growth and new ways of living.
Do you want to make a big change in your life? EMDR Therapy intensives give you the opportunity to spend several hours a day, for 1-10 days in close proximity, with one therapist, focusing on your healing. We have all gone through hard things in life and often have internalized negative messages and memories from those times. These can block us from living the lives we really want. EMDR is a therapeutic approach that can heal those stuck memories and free up your energy for growth and new ways of living.
(401) 519-7236 View (401) 519-7236
Photo of Donna Toro - Complete Mind Care LLC , PsyD, Psychologist
Complete Mind Care LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
Dr. Toro’s approach is client-centered, emphasizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address a range of issues. She focuses on creating a welcoming, kind, and attentive therapeutic environment that fosters emotional safety, allowing clients to openly share their concerns. By listening intently and validating emotions, she works collaboratively with clients to build treatment plans that respect their cultural values and achieve their personal goals. Her practice is dedicated to helping clients increase their self-reflection and develop healthier coping mechanisms for life’s challenges.
Dr. Toro’s approach is client-centered, emphasizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address a range of issues. She focuses on creating a welcoming, kind, and attentive therapeutic environment that fosters emotional safety, allowing clients to openly share their concerns. By listening intently and validating emotions, she works collaboratively with clients to build treatment plans that respect their cultural values and achieve their personal goals. Her practice is dedicated to helping clients increase their self-reflection and develop healthier coping mechanisms for life’s challenges.
(484) 265-9165 View (484) 265-9165
Photo of Maggie Mitchell, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maggie Mitchell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
Waitlist for new clients
With a belief that our inner obstacles create our outer obstacles, the goal of my practice is to help you to understand and remove those obstacles from your life. I will be there to support you as we work together to understand the relationship that you have with yourself as well as the relationship patterns that you have with other people. It is my hope that I can help you with self-discovery, self-awareness, and self-love.
With a belief that our inner obstacles create our outer obstacles, the goal of my practice is to help you to understand and remove those obstacles from your life. I will be there to support you as we work together to understand the relationship that you have with yourself as well as the relationship patterns that you have with other people. It is my hope that I can help you with self-discovery, self-awareness, and self-love.
(484) 218-5322 View (484) 218-5322
Photo of Aaron Myers, PsyD, Psychologist
Aaron Myers
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19080
Hello! I want to help you get back to living your life as soon as possible. You'll find me to be passionate about providing a safe, confidential, supportive, and collaborative environment for you. My approach is influenced by my values of honesty, responsibility, accountability, compassion, and respect. I practice primarily from a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) perspective meaning I focus closely on the interconnectedness of your thoughts/beliefs/values, feelings, and behaviors to help you work toward your goals.
Hello! I want to help you get back to living your life as soon as possible. You'll find me to be passionate about providing a safe, confidential, supportive, and collaborative environment for you. My approach is influenced by my values of honesty, responsibility, accountability, compassion, and respect. I practice primarily from a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) perspective meaning I focus closely on the interconnectedness of your thoughts/beliefs/values, feelings, and behaviors to help you work toward your goals.
(484) 929-2277 View (484) 929-2277
Photo of Samantha A. DeCaro, PsyD, Psychologist
Samantha A. DeCaro
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling stuck in the same patterns? Isolated? Stressed? Anxious? Depressed? Do you find yourself using unhelpful behaviors to cope with your emotions? Let's work together to heal your relationship with food, with your body, with the people you love, and most importantly with yourself. With over a decade of experience using evidenced based modalities, and over 8 years providing therapy and supervision in the eating disorder field, I can help you become an expert of your own emotional patterns, and learn how to break free from the cycles that are no longer serving you.
Are you feeling stuck in the same patterns? Isolated? Stressed? Anxious? Depressed? Do you find yourself using unhelpful behaviors to cope with your emotions? Let's work together to heal your relationship with food, with your body, with the people you love, and most importantly with yourself. With over a decade of experience using evidenced based modalities, and over 8 years providing therapy and supervision in the eating disorder field, I can help you become an expert of your own emotional patterns, and learn how to break free from the cycles that are no longer serving you.
(717) 708-9120 View (717) 708-9120
Photo of Ramesh Conley, PhD, NCSP, Psychologist
Ramesh Conley
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
I provide individual and family-focused therapeutic services for children, adolescents, young adults, and parents. My strength-based approach is based on a belief that we all, young and old, have the internal resources to meet challenges, although sometimes we need support to discover, access, and develop those resources. I work with children and youth who may need support navigating relationships, coping with anxiety or depression, or who are having trouble balancing the demands of everyday life.
I provide individual and family-focused therapeutic services for children, adolescents, young adults, and parents. My strength-based approach is based on a belief that we all, young and old, have the internal resources to meet challenges, although sometimes we need support to discover, access, and develop those resources. I work with children and youth who may need support navigating relationships, coping with anxiety or depression, or who are having trouble balancing the demands of everyday life.
(215) 598-6277 View (215) 598-6277
Photo of Karen Pentz, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Pentz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19080
Life’s journey comes with many transitions and challenges, some are predictable, but others are often unpredictable and even traumatic at times. White Orchid Therapy and Wellness will teach you the skills to not only be able to cope with and heal from the current challenges you are facing, but also to help you feel empowered and confident to navigate future stressors and hardships that may arise. With over 15 years of experience in maternal mental health, I have a deep understanding of the incredible demands and pressures on women today to do it all and enjoy every minute of it.
Life’s journey comes with many transitions and challenges, some are predictable, but others are often unpredictable and even traumatic at times. White Orchid Therapy and Wellness will teach you the skills to not only be able to cope with and heal from the current challenges you are facing, but also to help you feel empowered and confident to navigate future stressors and hardships that may arise. With over 15 years of experience in maternal mental health, I have a deep understanding of the incredible demands and pressures on women today to do it all and enjoy every minute of it.
(610) 850-9224 View (610) 850-9224

See more therapy options for 19080

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 19080

30+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 19080 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Stress
68% Coping Skills
68% Life Transitions
65% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
80% Highmark

How Therapists in 19080 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 19080?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.