Photo of Molly Monella, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Molly Monella
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you've forgotten who you are, or maybe you've never really known? Perhaps you're struggling with dissatisfaction or overwhelm in your life roles. Maybe you've been carrying the burden of pain, shame, regret, or trauma since before you can remember. And despite all of this, maybe you're ready for change, you're looking for fulfillment, or you're seeking healing. I am well versed in the treatment of several mental health diagnoses and find that I have a particular passion and gift for the treatment of trauma, relationship concerns, sexual health and empowerment, eating disorders, the mind-body connection, ADHD,
Do you feel like you've forgotten who you are, or maybe you've never really known? Perhaps you're struggling with dissatisfaction or overwhelm in your life roles. Maybe you've been carrying the burden of pain, shame, regret, or trauma since before you can remember. And despite all of this, maybe you're ready for change, you're looking for fulfillment, or you're seeking healing. I am well versed in the treatment of several mental health diagnoses and find that I have a particular passion and gift for the treatment of trauma, relationship concerns, sexual health and empowerment, eating disorders, the mind-body connection, ADHD,
(814) 787-2142 View (814) 787-2142
Photo of Sharon F Cooper - Cooper's Counseling, LLC, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cooper's Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
Many present with undiagnosed Mental Health. They struggle with how to navigate through life without developing adequate skillset to improve their quality of life. Anxiety, depression, trauma related stress , addiction, mood disorders and the list goes on as people report struggling daily . They are looking to develop healthy coping skills, develop improved self care and navigate through relationships across environments. They desire to be present and mindful as they become empowered, informed and developing the best version of self with continued growth. They often hold on to hope of being better not bitter.
Many present with undiagnosed Mental Health. They struggle with how to navigate through life without developing adequate skillset to improve their quality of life. Anxiety, depression, trauma related stress , addiction, mood disorders and the list goes on as people report struggling daily . They are looking to develop healthy coping skills, develop improved self care and navigate through relationships across environments. They desire to be present and mindful as they become empowered, informed and developing the best version of self with continued growth. They often hold on to hope of being better not bitter.
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Photo of Andrew J Kohlhepp, LPC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrew J Kohlhepp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
Are you trying to find purpose and meaning in your iife? Are you trying to overcome some sort of loss? Is anxiety and depression have a grip and just won't release? Does addiction have a grip? Have you experienced trama? Give me a call and we can figure out a plan and course of recovery....so you can find happiness and contentment again..
Are you trying to find purpose and meaning in your iife? Are you trying to overcome some sort of loss? Is anxiety and depression have a grip and just won't release? Does addiction have a grip? Have you experienced trama? Give me a call and we can figure out a plan and course of recovery....so you can find happiness and contentment again..
(814) 200-1618 View (814) 200-1618
Photo of Jessica Frantz Waymaker Services Pllc, MA, CRC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Frantz Waymaker Services Pllc
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CRC, LPC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
Hello! I'm Jess, the founder of Waymaker Services, PLLC. For the past 2.5 years, this practice has been a trusted haven for individuals navigating the unique challenges and strengths of neurodiversity, particularly those with autism and ADHD. With 15 years of experience in the mental health field, I've dedicated my career to supporting those with major mental health diagnoses, especially as they navigate adolescence and transition into adulthood. My wide scope of experience has helped me to meet clients where they are and support them with making change, meeting goals, and having a safe place to explore and express emotions.
Hello! I'm Jess, the founder of Waymaker Services, PLLC. For the past 2.5 years, this practice has been a trusted haven for individuals navigating the unique challenges and strengths of neurodiversity, particularly those with autism and ADHD. With 15 years of experience in the mental health field, I've dedicated my career to supporting those with major mental health diagnoses, especially as they navigate adolescence and transition into adulthood. My wide scope of experience has helped me to meet clients where they are and support them with making change, meeting goals, and having a safe place to explore and express emotions.
(814) 363-4953 View (814) 363-4953
Photo of Mark Stoltz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Stoltz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
Are you feeling that you have lost your way in the midst of your current circumstances? Maybe you are feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious. Perhaps you are experiencing relationship concerns, loss, or unresolved issues from your background. As a therapist I love working with people and I have over 35 years of experience in assisting others with various life issues. I am skilled at assisting you in identifying what you are thinking and feeling as we work together to come up with strategies for your wellness. if you struggle with critical self-talk and perfectionism, please know that there is help available.
Are you feeling that you have lost your way in the midst of your current circumstances? Maybe you are feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious. Perhaps you are experiencing relationship concerns, loss, or unresolved issues from your background. As a therapist I love working with people and I have over 35 years of experience in assisting others with various life issues. I am skilled at assisting you in identifying what you are thinking and feeling as we work together to come up with strategies for your wellness. if you struggle with critical self-talk and perfectionism, please know that there is help available.
(814) 481-2220 View (814) 481-2220
Photo of Kathleen Walsh, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Kathleen Walsh
Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
If you are dealing with mood swings, increase in anger, depressive thoughts, anxiety, unresolved trauma or relationship problems, consider scheduling an appointment . Together we'll devise the tools you need to make the changes you desire to feel a more fulfilled way of living. If you are looking for an experienced therapist with 20+ years(current position is part-time in Outpatient Behavioral Health at a regional hospital), I can help. I can see teens, adults and Seniors on a virtual platform.
If you are dealing with mood swings, increase in anger, depressive thoughts, anxiety, unresolved trauma or relationship problems, consider scheduling an appointment . Together we'll devise the tools you need to make the changes you desire to feel a more fulfilled way of living. If you are looking for an experienced therapist with 20+ years(current position is part-time in Outpatient Behavioral Health at a regional hospital), I can help. I can see teens, adults and Seniors on a virtual platform.
(814) 885-4584 View (814) 885-4584
Photo of Maggy Cappella - Community County Services, Inc, LPC
Community County Services, Inc
LPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
If your child is experiencing emotional or behavioral difficulty that doesn't seem to be getting better, even with other therapy services, our service may be a good fit for your family. Our primary goal is to enable parents to care for their children with mental illness or emotional disturbance at home and to reduce the need for children to be placed outside the home. Our therapists will listen to your goals for your family and develop an individualized plan for your child to be successful.
If your child is experiencing emotional or behavioral difficulty that doesn't seem to be getting better, even with other therapy services, our service may be a good fit for your family. Our primary goal is to enable parents to care for their children with mental illness or emotional disturbance at home and to reduce the need for children to be placed outside the home. Our therapists will listen to your goals for your family and develop an individualized plan for your child to be successful.
(814) 473-5513 x1 View (814) 473-5513 x1
Photo of Richard Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(814) 703-4528 View (814) 703-4528
Photo of Mike Catanzarito, LPC, Counselor
Mike Catanzarito
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Psychology Professor that specializes in Anxiety and Depression treatment as a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional. I developed a specific recovery program that has helped 1,000s of people. See promo video here (copy the YouTube address and paste in your browser): youtu.be/qJHZD0dRbGY - I am also a Licensed Pastor and have a Christian perspective in working with clients. Although anxiety and depression are my specialties, I can help with a variety of issues using a Cognitive Behavioral Approach.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Psychology Professor that specializes in Anxiety and Depression treatment as a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional. I developed a specific recovery program that has helped 1,000s of people. See promo video here (copy the YouTube address and paste in your browser): youtu.be/qJHZD0dRbGY - I am also a Licensed Pastor and have a Christian perspective in working with clients. Although anxiety and depression are my specialties, I can help with a variety of issues using a Cognitive Behavioral Approach.
(814) 850-2381 View (814) 850-2381
Photo of Renee Y Curll, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Y Curll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
Asking for help is hard. When life gets to be overwhelming, talking about the issues can help organize your thoughts. The therapeutic relationship is the most important tool we'll use! We'll work on building trust, a sense of safety, open communication, and humor to identify how we can improve on your already existing coping skills, supports, and knowledge. I utilize an eclectic approach to best meet your needs. I believe that being kind and compassionate with yourself is the first step to healing and creating change.
Asking for help is hard. When life gets to be overwhelming, talking about the issues can help organize your thoughts. The therapeutic relationship is the most important tool we'll use! We'll work on building trust, a sense of safety, open communication, and humor to identify how we can improve on your already existing coping skills, supports, and knowledge. I utilize an eclectic approach to best meet your needs. I believe that being kind and compassionate with yourself is the first step to healing and creating change.
(814) 787-3008 View (814) 787-3008
Photo of Richard Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(814) 817-7615 View (814) 817-7615
Photo of Dr. Sharon Marie Zaffarese-Dippold, PhD, LCSW-R, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Sharon Marie Zaffarese-Dippold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-R, LCSW
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
We are never alone and sometimes we just need another to join with us on this journey of life. I am happy to join and help you learn, create and achieve the goals you desire. Regardless of your emotional struggle, I can help you. I offer ADD/ADHD assessments/treatments for adults & children. I treat all symptoms including addiction struggles. I offer Phone and Video Sessions via telehealth.
We are never alone and sometimes we just need another to join with us on this journey of life. I am happy to join and help you learn, create and achieve the goals you desire. Regardless of your emotional struggle, I can help you. I offer ADD/ADHD assessments/treatments for adults & children. I treat all symptoms including addiction struggles. I offer Phone and Video Sessions via telehealth.
(814) 240-0352 View (814) 240-0352
Photo of Anne Marie Riddle, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anne Marie Riddle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801  (Online Only)
Welcome! Whether you are seeking coping skills for anxiety or depression. Or if you need to learn coping skills for anger management, I have the therapy to help you change your life. I also assist individuals to develop communication skills and have interventions to enhance your marriage. I offer Mindfulness therapy for anxiety and depression.
Welcome! Whether you are seeking coping skills for anxiety or depression. Or if you need to learn coping skills for anger management, I have the therapy to help you change your life. I also assist individuals to develop communication skills and have interventions to enhance your marriage. I offer Mindfulness therapy for anxiety and depression.
(814) 212-5278 View (814) 212-5278
Photo of Melanie Boyce, MS, LPC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melanie Boyce
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in a private outpatient practice, I specialize in individual, group, and couples counseling for adults. My clinical focus includes a range of mental health diagnoses, particularly partner relational issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, and the LGBTQIA community. I am passionate about working with couples and helping trauma patients navigate and process their experiences. I understand that seeking help is a courageous step. My goal is to create an empathetic and non-judgmental environment where you feel heard, understood, and empowered to make positive changes.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in a private outpatient practice, I specialize in individual, group, and couples counseling for adults. My clinical focus includes a range of mental health diagnoses, particularly partner relational issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, and the LGBTQIA community. I am passionate about working with couples and helping trauma patients navigate and process their experiences. I understand that seeking help is a courageous step. My goal is to create an empathetic and non-judgmental environment where you feel heard, understood, and empowered to make positive changes.
(814) 498-4675 View (814) 498-4675
Photo of Stephanie Dixon - Stephanie Dixon / Speak Life Counseling , MSW, CPRP, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Dixon / Speak Life Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CPRP, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Du Bois, PA 15801
Waitlist for new clients
I understand the courage it takes to delve into issues that feel uncomfortable and many times painful. I provide a welcoming, safe, private office to support healing and growth - where honesty is valued and not judged. I approach sessions with empathic listening, compassion, respect and genuine curiosity. My approach to our work together also includes asking questions, offering interpretations, providing psycho-education, skill building, encouragement, honesty and a splash of humor.
I understand the courage it takes to delve into issues that feel uncomfortable and many times painful. I provide a welcoming, safe, private office to support healing and growth - where honesty is valued and not judged. I approach sessions with empathic listening, compassion, respect and genuine curiosity. My approach to our work together also includes asking questions, offering interpretations, providing psycho-education, skill building, encouragement, honesty and a splash of humor.
(814) 200-6702 View (814) 200-6702
Photo of Dionne Sterner - Embrace Life Counseling Services, LLC, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Embrace Life Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
Free your mind of negativity and embrace life through a variety of therapeutic modalities to address a wide range of mental and emotional health concerns. (As a side note, if you contact me via email, please be sure to check your junk/spam folders for a response and please provide your current insurance plan and desired time frames for appointments so we can get the process started as soon as possible :)
Free your mind of negativity and embrace life through a variety of therapeutic modalities to address a wide range of mental and emotional health concerns. (As a side note, if you contact me via email, please be sure to check your junk/spam folders for a response and please provide your current insurance plan and desired time frames for appointments so we can get the process started as soon as possible :)
(814) 205-0340 View (814) 205-0340
Photo of Holli Jo Hudson - You Matter Counseling, LLC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
You Matter Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
You Matter Counseling, LLC A place of non-judgement where untold stories can be told and healing can begin.
You Matter Counseling, LLC A place of non-judgement where untold stories can be told and healing can begin.
(814) 985-0156 View (814) 985-0156
Photo of Katlyn Owens, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katlyn Owens
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Du Bois, PA 15801
Whether you are experiencing a new emotional challenge , adjusting to a new season of life, or reflecting on past experiences, as a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am here to help. My approach to therapy is to provide a safe, reflective, and supportive environment for individuals to express and process their experiences and emotions. I approach my clients in a non judgmental way acknowledging they are the experts on themselves. Through therapy it is my belief that individuals will gain a deeper understanding of themselves to make lasting and meaningful changes in their lives.
Whether you are experiencing a new emotional challenge , adjusting to a new season of life, or reflecting on past experiences, as a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am here to help. My approach to therapy is to provide a safe, reflective, and supportive environment for individuals to express and process their experiences and emotions. I approach my clients in a non judgmental way acknowledging they are the experts on themselves. Through therapy it is my belief that individuals will gain a deeper understanding of themselves to make lasting and meaningful changes in their lives.
(814) 250-3279 View (814) 250-3279
Photo of Elizabeth Jane Frontz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Jane Frontz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years experience with all age groups and various diverse populations. I provide mental health and behavioral health services to children and their families. I provide couples counseling and marital counseling as well as co-parenting counseling that are mandated or not by the court. I am trauma certified and have extensive experience in this area and in various evidenced based therapies such as EMDR, ACT, CPT, CBT, DBT, Play Therapy, etc. I utilize various modalities as well as help people cope with their problem areas.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years experience with all age groups and various diverse populations. I provide mental health and behavioral health services to children and their families. I provide couples counseling and marital counseling as well as co-parenting counseling that are mandated or not by the court. I am trauma certified and have extensive experience in this area and in various evidenced based therapies such as EMDR, ACT, CPT, CBT, DBT, Play Therapy, etc. I utilize various modalities as well as help people cope with their problem areas.
(814) 389-2511 View (814) 389-2511
Photo of Mary Snyder, LCSW, C-DBT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Snyder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Du Bois, PA 15801
I am a versatile, dedicated clinician who is open to working with individuals ages 14+. If you are feeling stuck, depressed, anxious or directionless, allow me to walk alongside you as we come up with a solution together. I often use an individualized, eclectic approach (CBT, ACT, self-compassion, grief work). I will meet you wherever you are without judgment. Sometimes, we are in need of support, or a nudge in the right direction. Sometimes, it is hard to know what we may need. It would be my honor to help you if you can relate to any of the above.
I am a versatile, dedicated clinician who is open to working with individuals ages 14+. If you are feeling stuck, depressed, anxious or directionless, allow me to walk alongside you as we come up with a solution together. I often use an individualized, eclectic approach (CBT, ACT, self-compassion, grief work). I will meet you wherever you are without judgment. Sometimes, we are in need of support, or a nudge in the right direction. Sometimes, it is hard to know what we may need. It would be my honor to help you if you can relate to any of the above.
(717) 716-7350 View (717) 716-7350
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 15801

20+

Average cost per session

$90

Therapists in 15801 who prioritize treating:

95% Depression
95% Anxiety
76% Grief
67% Parenting
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% Aetna
78% Highmark

How Therapists in 15801 see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 15801?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.