Photo of Jackie Helm, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jackie Helm
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
“Anything that’s human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable” - Fred Rogers Sometimes we all need someone to help process through every day struggles, whether it be struggles with relationships, identity, work, or school. I work primarily from a cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered and dialectical behavioral therapy approach and work to figure out the “why” behind emotions, help build awareness to emotions, reframe faulty thinking and find positive solutions to every day problems.
“Anything that’s human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable” - Fred Rogers Sometimes we all need someone to help process through every day struggles, whether it be struggles with relationships, identity, work, or school. I work primarily from a cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered and dialectical behavioral therapy approach and work to figure out the “why” behind emotions, help build awareness to emotions, reframe faulty thinking and find positive solutions to every day problems.
(724) 564-6973 View (724) 564-6973
Photo of Jonathan Held, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonathan Held
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
My name is Jon and I would love to work with you! My background is in structural family therapy (SFT); however, I also have extensive experience in individual and couples therapy. I love helping individuals, couples, and/or families find more effective ways to cope and communicate. I can meet in Irwin, PA; Greensburg, PA; Bethel Park (Pittsburgh) Murrysville (near Monroeville/Pittsburgh); or online via Skype, FaceTime, or GoToMeeting
My name is Jon and I would love to work with you! My background is in structural family therapy (SFT); however, I also have extensive experience in individual and couples therapy. I love helping individuals, couples, and/or families find more effective ways to cope and communicate. I can meet in Irwin, PA; Greensburg, PA; Bethel Park (Pittsburgh) Murrysville (near Monroeville/Pittsburgh); or online via Skype, FaceTime, or GoToMeeting
(814) 201-3901 View (814) 201-3901
Photo of Barbara Penn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Penn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
One of the greatest things about challenges in life is that we’re given the opportunity to discover we’re stronger than we ever imagined. Understanding that we can develop the skills necessary to conquer life’s challenges is critical to creating the life we want for ourselves. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health field having worked in a hospital setting at UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, residential treatment and outpatient levels of care.
One of the greatest things about challenges in life is that we’re given the opportunity to discover we’re stronger than we ever imagined. Understanding that we can develop the skills necessary to conquer life’s challenges is critical to creating the life we want for ourselves. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health field having worked in a hospital setting at UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, residential treatment and outpatient levels of care.
(878) 295-0997 View (878) 295-0997
Photo of Jaclyn Edwards, MA, LPC, Counselor
Jaclyn Edwards
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Jaclyn Edwards is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years experience since earning her Master’s in Marriage and Family Counseling from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. By providing a safe and non judgmental environment, Jaclyn strives to help clients find forgiveness and grace from their past, solutions and peace in their present, and hope for their future. She recognizes that her own hope and joy stem from her relationship with God, so her faith naturally permeates her therapeutic conversations. Jaclyn enjoys working with couples (married or dating) and individual women navigating a range of issues.
Jaclyn Edwards is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years experience since earning her Master’s in Marriage and Family Counseling from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. By providing a safe and non judgmental environment, Jaclyn strives to help clients find forgiveness and grace from their past, solutions and peace in their present, and hope for their future. She recognizes that her own hope and joy stem from her relationship with God, so her faith naturally permeates her therapeutic conversations. Jaclyn enjoys working with couples (married or dating) and individual women navigating a range of issues.
(724) 578-4805 View (724) 578-4805
Photo of Susan McCune, LCSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan McCune
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
We all need a little help now and then. Where you are now may not be where you want to be. Conquer anxiety and worry. Feel better about yourself. Take a deeper look at a problem and develop a solution. Heal trauma and loss. Become more assertive and in command of your life. Marriage in a bad place? Anxious? Sad? Stuck? Not liking what you see in the mirror? I offer a confidential, safe space to explore your options and the professional insight that you may need to overcome those obstacles. Call me.
We all need a little help now and then. Where you are now may not be where you want to be. Conquer anxiety and worry. Feel better about yourself. Take a deeper look at a problem and develop a solution. Heal trauma and loss. Become more assertive and in command of your life. Marriage in a bad place? Anxious? Sad? Stuck? Not liking what you see in the mirror? I offer a confidential, safe space to explore your options and the professional insight that you may need to overcome those obstacles. Call me.
(724) 259-3788 View (724) 259-3788
Photo of Joan McCullough-Crissman, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joan McCullough-Crissman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
I believe, the single most important element of counseling is the relationship between the therapist and client. The first step is for us to work together to balance both a professional and heartfelt relationship. You'll find the office welcoming, comfortable, discreet atmosphere; where you can feel safe to discuss your needs. I serve a variety of client populations, including, youth, adolescent, adult and geriatric clients. Couples, Family, Individual and Group Therapy are a focus. Specializations: Depression, Anxiety, Grief, Anger, Parenting and Loss. Referrals for medication management can also be facilitated through my office, if desired..
I believe, the single most important element of counseling is the relationship between the therapist and client. The first step is for us to work together to balance both a professional and heartfelt relationship. You'll find the office welcoming, comfortable, discreet atmosphere; where you can feel safe to discuss your needs. I serve a variety of client populations, including, youth, adolescent, adult and geriatric clients. Couples, Family, Individual and Group Therapy are a focus. Specializations: Depression, Anxiety, Grief, Anger, Parenting and Loss. Referrals for medication management can also be facilitated through my office, if desired..
(724) 871-3218 View (724) 871-3218
Photo of Jessica Beatty, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Beatty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jessica Beatty, LCSW is a EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) Certified Therapist. She got certified in 2021 through "EMDRIA." Her EMDR training and consulation was through "The Institute For Creative Mindfulness." Jessica's passion is working with people who have experienced stressful events or trauma in their lives using EMDR to treat them.
Jessica Beatty, LCSW is a EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) Certified Therapist. She got certified in 2021 through "EMDRIA." Her EMDR training and consulation was through "The Institute For Creative Mindfulness." Jessica's passion is working with people who have experienced stressful events or trauma in their lives using EMDR to treat them.
(833) 930-0603 View (833) 930-0603
Photo of Tina Myers, BEd, MEd, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tina Myers
Pre-Licensed Professional, BEd, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? I'm here to help! I work with many clients whose goals are to find coping skills for anxiety and experience more joy in life. I also enjoy working with clients to process childhood experiences and trauma to be able to move forward with their life while letting go of anger and resentment.
Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? I'm here to help! I work with many clients whose goals are to find coping skills for anxiety and experience more joy in life. I also enjoy working with clients to process childhood experiences and trauma to be able to move forward with their life while letting go of anger and resentment.
(412) 912-4748 View (412) 912-4748
Photo of Erin Leigh McMillen, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin Leigh McMillen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642
Life can be difficult to manage. I work with individuals, couples, and families. I am a down to earth and authentic person. My desire is to provide an empathetic and non-judgmental atmosphere where you can deal effectively with the challenges you are facing in your life. My hope is to facilitate change where YOU want it, in order to help YOU embrace a more satisfying existence. I work with those struggling with relational issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBT, health/cancer, grief, divorce/separation, parenting issues, and mood disorders. I utilize several therapeutic approaches in order to best serve you.
Life can be difficult to manage. I work with individuals, couples, and families. I am a down to earth and authentic person. My desire is to provide an empathetic and non-judgmental atmosphere where you can deal effectively with the challenges you are facing in your life. My hope is to facilitate change where YOU want it, in order to help YOU embrace a more satisfying existence. I work with those struggling with relational issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBT, health/cancer, grief, divorce/separation, parenting issues, and mood disorders. I utilize several therapeutic approaches in order to best serve you.
(724) 717-2096 View (724) 717-2096
Photo of Maria D. Clark, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maria D. Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
Every counseling experience is unique. I create a compassionate, safe, and non-judgmental environment to explore and discuss problems and concerns you determine in a given session. I walk alongside you to support your emotional and mental health, while increasing awareness and understanding of self for personal growth, and encouraging meaningful relationships with important people in your life. My overall approach is eclectic, using different treatment modalities, and is “person-centered” to provide each individual an experience which meets their needs.
Every counseling experience is unique. I create a compassionate, safe, and non-judgmental environment to explore and discuss problems and concerns you determine in a given session. I walk alongside you to support your emotional and mental health, while increasing awareness and understanding of self for personal growth, and encouraging meaningful relationships with important people in your life. My overall approach is eclectic, using different treatment modalities, and is “person-centered” to provide each individual an experience which meets their needs.
(724) 302-3201 View (724) 302-3201
Photo of Aki Jamal Durham, MA, Pastoral Counselor
Aki Jamal Durham
Pastoral Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642  (Online Only)
Your relationships are your greatest gifts, as they are the key to your contentment, be they personal or professional in nature. If you lack peace within the context of your relationships then you are sure to be experiencing a similar level of dis-ease over the entire expanse of your existence. The well-being of your mind, body and spirit as a spouse, a parent, an employee, friend, neighbor, sibling and so on are all predicated on how well you are doing on an interpersonal level in each of those roles. Seeking work/life balance, familial harmony, or individual growth requires that we take a relational inventory.
Your relationships are your greatest gifts, as they are the key to your contentment, be they personal or professional in nature. If you lack peace within the context of your relationships then you are sure to be experiencing a similar level of dis-ease over the entire expanse of your existence. The well-being of your mind, body and spirit as a spouse, a parent, an employee, friend, neighbor, sibling and so on are all predicated on how well you are doing on an interpersonal level in each of those roles. Seeking work/life balance, familial harmony, or individual growth requires that we take a relational inventory.
(724) 278-8363 View (724) 278-8363
Photo of Steven Reinoehl, MA, LPC, Counselor
Steven Reinoehl
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Above all, people need to know that you care, and that you know how to help them. I provide both of these, by building solid rapport with my clients, to show them what is perhaps the most important aspect of counseling- that they have a therapist who is someone who wilI truly listen to them, show them empathy, and be a sincere partner in helping them reach their counseling goals. My motto is "Anyone can be helped, after they realize that you truly care, and that they can trust in you." I provide treatment for a wide variety of mental health problems, including trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.
Above all, people need to know that you care, and that you know how to help them. I provide both of these, by building solid rapport with my clients, to show them what is perhaps the most important aspect of counseling- that they have a therapist who is someone who wilI truly listen to them, show them empathy, and be a sincere partner in helping them reach their counseling goals. My motto is "Anyone can be helped, after they realize that you truly care, and that they can trust in you." I provide treatment for a wide variety of mental health problems, including trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.
(610) 590-9044 View (610) 590-9044
Photo of William Tyler Johnson, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
William Tyler Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
Hello! I enjoy working with those who struggle with attention / focus (ADHD), anxieties and panic, identity and experiences related to Sports, grief and loss, disordered mood patterns, depression, and major life transitions/stress. My ideal client demographic is Adults and Teenagers. With my clients, I enjoy working collaboratively to support them in the changes they are pursuing — by helping them identify the triggers to their struggles, help build change towards handling their struggles, and to identify a reframe for their thinking patterns around those triggers.
Hello! I enjoy working with those who struggle with attention / focus (ADHD), anxieties and panic, identity and experiences related to Sports, grief and loss, disordered mood patterns, depression, and major life transitions/stress. My ideal client demographic is Adults and Teenagers. With my clients, I enjoy working collaboratively to support them in the changes they are pursuing — by helping them identify the triggers to their struggles, help build change towards handling their struggles, and to identify a reframe for their thinking patterns around those triggers.
(724) 558-8570 View (724) 558-8570
Photo of Kevin Rico, LCSW, MS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kevin Rico
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642  (Online Only)
In my practice, I provide a supportive environment that allows an opportunity for people to be listened to in a manner that is different from interactions they may have with family or friends. I attempt to provide counseling tools that can help those who are experiencing difficulty to gain increased awareness of positive steps they can take to better manage situations that create problems for them. I have helped people who are adjusting to life changes that are stressful, and I also work with those who have developed more lasting symptoms of anxiety or depression.
In my practice, I provide a supportive environment that allows an opportunity for people to be listened to in a manner that is different from interactions they may have with family or friends. I attempt to provide counseling tools that can help those who are experiencing difficulty to gain increased awareness of positive steps they can take to better manage situations that create problems for them. I have helped people who are adjusting to life changes that are stressful, and I also work with those who have developed more lasting symptoms of anxiety or depression.
(724) 505-4632 View (724) 505-4632
Photo of Stephen Luther - Grace Wellness Center, MEd, MSEd, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Grace Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MSEd, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642
We are a group of Christian Counselors who treat clients of all ages through Biblical truth and the healing power of God's grace. We integrate the best from the discipline of psychology with Christian counseling to help people find peace and contentment. We have counselors who specialize in addictions, attachment and trauma issues, grief, relationships, children, parenting, depression, anxiety and most other issues. Our organization has several centers throughout western PA. Please visit our website to see if we have a location that will meet your needs. www.thegracewellnesscenter.com
We are a group of Christian Counselors who treat clients of all ages through Biblical truth and the healing power of God's grace. We integrate the best from the discipline of psychology with Christian counseling to help people find peace and contentment. We have counselors who specialize in addictions, attachment and trauma issues, grief, relationships, children, parenting, depression, anxiety and most other issues. Our organization has several centers throughout western PA. Please visit our website to see if we have a location that will meet your needs. www.thegracewellnesscenter.com
(724) 987-5363 View (724) 987-5363
Photo of Joyce Kuczma, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joyce Kuczma
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Because I believe initiating therapy is a courageous and admirable movement toward improving a person's life and relationships, I strive to provide an atmosphere of respect, security, acceptance-- and above all... hope! I am committed to creating an experience in which clients feel empowered through coaching, modeling, and multi-media education that makes learning new concepts understandable and easily incorporated into everyday life. (Please scroll down to view accepted insurance plans.)
Because I believe initiating therapy is a courageous and admirable movement toward improving a person's life and relationships, I strive to provide an atmosphere of respect, security, acceptance-- and above all... hope! I am committed to creating an experience in which clients feel empowered through coaching, modeling, and multi-media education that makes learning new concepts understandable and easily incorporated into everyday life. (Please scroll down to view accepted insurance plans.)
(412) 307-5776 View (412) 307-5776
Photo of Jackie Straub - Jackie Straub-Owner Irwin Counseling, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jackie Straub-Owner Irwin Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
Individuals who seek my help are looking for peace and contentment. As a Psychodynamic Psychotherapist, I listen to your story so that I can assist you gain insight into how your struggles with relationships, life transitions, feelings of inadequacy, or bothersome patterns of behavior are influenced by underlying emotional pain, trauma, grief, and unconscious conflicts. You may be suffering from anxiety, depression, or episodes of panic. We will work together to help you develop new pathways for coping. The insights and transformations made with Psychodynamic Therapy are long lasting and life changing.
Individuals who seek my help are looking for peace and contentment. As a Psychodynamic Psychotherapist, I listen to your story so that I can assist you gain insight into how your struggles with relationships, life transitions, feelings of inadequacy, or bothersome patterns of behavior are influenced by underlying emotional pain, trauma, grief, and unconscious conflicts. You may be suffering from anxiety, depression, or episodes of panic. We will work together to help you develop new pathways for coping. The insights and transformations made with Psychodynamic Therapy are long lasting and life changing.
(724) 863-0760 View (724) 863-0760
Photo of Michael Stephens Phd Lpc, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Stephens Phd Lpc
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
I work from a Narrative Therapy approach to counseling which is a helpful tool to assist clients to look at their lives critically and holistically while processing the changes they want in their lives and relationships. I work collaboratively to unearth themes of problems AND strengths, the strategies my clients have already attempted to work through their problems, strengthen self-identity and awareness, and explore desired life changes by breaking them into manageable tasks. I also work systemically with couples and families to build more supportive & connected relationships.
I work from a Narrative Therapy approach to counseling which is a helpful tool to assist clients to look at their lives critically and holistically while processing the changes they want in their lives and relationships. I work collaboratively to unearth themes of problems AND strengths, the strategies my clients have already attempted to work through their problems, strengthen self-identity and awareness, and explore desired life changes by breaking them into manageable tasks. I also work systemically with couples and families to build more supportive & connected relationships.
(412) 301-9099 View (412) 301-9099
Photo of Alicia Nicole Luke - Bluebird Counseling of Western Pennsylvania, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bluebird Counseling of Western Pennsylvania
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
Hello! We are a new practice in the Irwin, PA area! We are a growing team of therapists with many years of experience in the mental health field. We are ready to help you with your therapy needs! We currently do not have any groups at this time but check back in the Fall!
Hello! We are a new practice in the Irwin, PA area! We are a growing team of therapists with many years of experience in the mental health field. We are ready to help you with your therapy needs! We currently do not have any groups at this time but check back in the Fall!
(412) 440-7602 View (412) 440-7602
Photo of Bethany L Ackerman- Enlightening Hope Counseling, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bethany L Ackerman- Enlightening Hope Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I have worked in a variety of mental health settings throughout my career and I have extensive experience working with children, teens, and adults with a wide range of mental health disorders. I have several years of experience working with individuals with drug and alcohol addictions, including those who use medication-assisted therapies. I enjoy working with clients with a variety of diagnoses including depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. I believe there is hope for any mental health challenge.
I have worked in a variety of mental health settings throughout my career and I have extensive experience working with children, teens, and adults with a wide range of mental health disorders. I have several years of experience working with individuals with drug and alcohol addictions, including those who use medication-assisted therapies. I enjoy working with clients with a variety of diagnoses including depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. I believe there is hope for any mental health challenge.
(724) 948-0902 View (724) 948-0902
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 15642

90+

Average cost per session

$110

Therapists in 15642 who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
91% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
80% Coping Skills
77% Self Esteem
71% Grief
68% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Highmark
74% Optum
73% University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hea

How Therapists in 15642 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 15642?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.