Photo of Jackie Helm, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jackie Helm
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
“Anything that’s human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable” - Fred Rogers Sometimes we all need someone to help process through every day struggles, whether it be struggles with relationships, identity, work, or school. I work primarily from a cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered and dialectical behavioral therapy approach and work to figure out the “why” behind emotions, help build awareness to emotions, reframe faulty thinking and find positive solutions to every day problems.
“Anything that’s human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable” - Fred Rogers Sometimes we all need someone to help process through every day struggles, whether it be struggles with relationships, identity, work, or school. I work primarily from a cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered and dialectical behavioral therapy approach and work to figure out the “why” behind emotions, help build awareness to emotions, reframe faulty thinking and find positive solutions to every day problems.
(724) 564-6973 View (724) 564-6973
Photo of Becca Burbules, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Becca Burbules
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642  (Online Only)
Whether it be maneuvering through the vast stressors of daily life, overcoming challenges, or adjusting to change, these moments shouldn’t have to be experienced or managed alone. Becca cherishes being given the opportunity to assist others as they work towards any goals that they may have.
Whether it be maneuvering through the vast stressors of daily life, overcoming challenges, or adjusting to change, these moments shouldn’t have to be experienced or managed alone. Becca cherishes being given the opportunity to assist others as they work towards any goals that they may have.
(724) 577-7353 View (724) 577-7353
Photo of Jessica Leigh Taylor, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Leigh Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
Life teaches a new lesson every day and it is not always something pleasant, expected, or easily managed. As a counselor it is my mission to help you manage and cope with the stressors in your life. Trust, connection, and the feeling of safety are all needed for successful therapy.
Life teaches a new lesson every day and it is not always something pleasant, expected, or easily managed. As a counselor it is my mission to help you manage and cope with the stressors in your life. Trust, connection, and the feeling of safety are all needed for successful therapy.
(724) 576-9026 View (724) 576-9026
Photo of Aki Jamal Durham, MA, Pastoral Counselor
Aki Jamal Durham
Pastoral Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642  (Online Only)
Your relationships are your greatest gifts, as they are the key to your contentment, be they personal or professional in nature. If you lack peace within the context of your relationships then you are sure to be experiencing a similar level of dis-ease over the entire expanse of your existence. The well-being of your mind, body and spirit as a spouse, a parent, an employee, friend, neighbor, sibling and so on are all predicated on how well you are doing on an interpersonal level in each of those roles. Seeking work/life balance, familial harmony, or individual growth requires that we take a relational inventory.
Your relationships are your greatest gifts, as they are the key to your contentment, be they personal or professional in nature. If you lack peace within the context of your relationships then you are sure to be experiencing a similar level of dis-ease over the entire expanse of your existence. The well-being of your mind, body and spirit as a spouse, a parent, an employee, friend, neighbor, sibling and so on are all predicated on how well you are doing on an interpersonal level in each of those roles. Seeking work/life balance, familial harmony, or individual growth requires that we take a relational inventory.
(724) 278-8363 View (724) 278-8363
Photo of Karen L Miller, MA, NCC, LPC, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen L Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
I believe caring, encouragement, and humor need to be combined with knowledge and skills. I want to make you feel confident that all will be well. You may need someone to listen or you may need a counselor trained in diagnosing and treating mental health concerns. I try to provide others with what I would want from a counselor. I will give you honesty and commitment to help you be happier in your daily life. We will work together in a non judgmental environment. Caring and support are balanced with a goal oriented style to help you meet your goals.
I believe caring, encouragement, and humor need to be combined with knowledge and skills. I want to make you feel confident that all will be well. You may need someone to listen or you may need a counselor trained in diagnosing and treating mental health concerns. I try to provide others with what I would want from a counselor. I will give you honesty and commitment to help you be happier in your daily life. We will work together in a non judgmental environment. Caring and support are balanced with a goal oriented style to help you meet your goals.
(724) 807-1248 View (724) 807-1248
Photo of Erin Leigh McMillen, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin Leigh McMillen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642
Life can be difficult to manage. I work with individuals, couples, and families. I am a down to earth and authentic person. My desire is to provide an empathetic and non-judgmental atmosphere where you can deal effectively with the challenges you are facing in your life. My hope is to facilitate change where YOU want it, in order to help YOU embrace a more satisfying existence. I work with those struggling with relational issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBT, health/cancer, grief, divorce/separation, parenting issues, and mood disorders. I utilize several therapeutic approaches in order to best serve you.
Life can be difficult to manage. I work with individuals, couples, and families. I am a down to earth and authentic person. My desire is to provide an empathetic and non-judgmental atmosphere where you can deal effectively with the challenges you are facing in your life. My hope is to facilitate change where YOU want it, in order to help YOU embrace a more satisfying existence. I work with those struggling with relational issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBT, health/cancer, grief, divorce/separation, parenting issues, and mood disorders. I utilize several therapeutic approaches in order to best serve you.
(724) 717-2096 View (724) 717-2096
Photo of Seema Chaubey, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Seema Chaubey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Huntingdon, PA 15642  (Online Only)
As a counselor I have 20+ years of experience working with adults and children. I treat my clients in a compassionate and professional manner and my approach is usually eclectic as I choose them according to the needs of my client. Techniques used by me are CBT, REBT, ACT, Motivational, Gestalt approach, meditation, relaxation and guided imagery. My expertise is in mood disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, and on anxiety disorders such as OCD, panic disorder, and phobias. Anger management in relationships and marriage and relationship therapy are also my interest areas as well as resolution of trauma issues, whether acute or chronic. I have and continue to treat dually diagnosed substance abuse clients.
As a counselor I have 20+ years of experience working with adults and children. I treat my clients in a compassionate and professional manner and my approach is usually eclectic as I choose them according to the needs of my client. Techniques used by me are CBT, REBT, ACT, Motivational, Gestalt approach, meditation, relaxation and guided imagery. My expertise is in mood disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, and on anxiety disorders such as OCD, panic disorder, and phobias. Anger management in relationships and marriage and relationship therapy are also my interest areas as well as resolution of trauma issues, whether acute or chronic. I have and continue to treat dually diagnosed substance abuse clients.
(609) 778-1512 View (609) 778-1512
Photo of Jessica Beatty, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Beatty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jessica Beatty, LCSW is a EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) Certified Therapist. She got certified in 2021 through "EMDRIA." Her EMDR training and consulation was through "The Institute For Creative Mindfulness." Jessica's passion is working with people who have experienced stressful events or trauma in their lives using EMDR to treat them.
Jessica Beatty, LCSW is a EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) Certified Therapist. She got certified in 2021 through "EMDRIA." Her EMDR training and consulation was through "The Institute For Creative Mindfulness." Jessica's passion is working with people who have experienced stressful events or trauma in their lives using EMDR to treat them.
(833) 930-0603 View (833) 930-0603
Photo of Steven Reinoehl, MA, LPC, Counselor
Steven Reinoehl
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Above all, people need to know that you care, and that you know how to help them. I provide both of these, by building solid rapport with my clients, to show them what is perhaps the most important aspect of counseling- that they have a therapist who is someone who wilI truly listen to them, show them empathy, and be a sincere partner in helping them reach their counseling goals. My motto is "Anyone can be helped, after they realize that you truly care, and that they can trust in you." I provide treatment for a wide variety of mental health problems, including trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.
Above all, people need to know that you care, and that you know how to help them. I provide both of these, by building solid rapport with my clients, to show them what is perhaps the most important aspect of counseling- that they have a therapist who is someone who wilI truly listen to them, show them empathy, and be a sincere partner in helping them reach their counseling goals. My motto is "Anyone can be helped, after they realize that you truly care, and that they can trust in you." I provide treatment for a wide variety of mental health problems, including trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.
(610) 590-9044 View (610) 590-9044
Photo of Stephen Luther - Grace Wellness Center, MEd, MSEd, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Grace Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MSEd, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642
We are a group of Christian Counselors who treat clients of all ages through Biblical truth and the healing power of God's grace. We integrate the best from the discipline of psychology with Christian counseling to help people find peace and contentment. We have counselors who specialize in addictions, attachment and trauma issues, grief, relationships, children, parenting, depression, anxiety and most other issues. Our organization has several centers throughout western PA. Please visit our website to see if we have a location that will meet your needs. www.thegracewellnesscenter.com
We are a group of Christian Counselors who treat clients of all ages through Biblical truth and the healing power of God's grace. We integrate the best from the discipline of psychology with Christian counseling to help people find peace and contentment. We have counselors who specialize in addictions, attachment and trauma issues, grief, relationships, children, parenting, depression, anxiety and most other issues. Our organization has several centers throughout western PA. Please visit our website to see if we have a location that will meet your needs. www.thegracewellnesscenter.com
(724) 987-5363 View (724) 987-5363
Photo of Courtney Kirkpatrick - The Willows Collective, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Willows Collective
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Have you been thinking of making changes in your life? Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed by life circumstances? Maybe you are trying to manage symptoms of anxiety, depression or trauma but have been unsuccessful on your own. People come to therapy for a variety of reasons and our goal at The Willows is to offer a safe and supportive environment in order for you to reach your goals and walk alongside you on your journey to a healthier quality of life. Along with counseling, our holistic services include meditation, Reiki, massage, and QiGong which can further enhance the mind/body/spirit connection.
Have you been thinking of making changes in your life? Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed by life circumstances? Maybe you are trying to manage symptoms of anxiety, depression or trauma but have been unsuccessful on your own. People come to therapy for a variety of reasons and our goal at The Willows is to offer a safe and supportive environment in order for you to reach your goals and walk alongside you on your journey to a healthier quality of life. Along with counseling, our holistic services include meditation, Reiki, massage, and QiGong which can further enhance the mind/body/spirit connection.
(724) 609-5946 View (724) 609-5946
Photo of Maria D. Clark, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maria D. Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
Every counseling experience is unique. I create a compassionate, safe, and non-judgmental environment to explore and discuss problems and concerns you determine in a given session. I walk alongside you to support your emotional and mental health, while increasing awareness and understanding of self for personal growth, and encouraging meaningful relationships with important people in your life. My overall approach is eclectic, using different treatment modalities, and is “person-centered” to provide each individual an experience which meets their needs.
Every counseling experience is unique. I create a compassionate, safe, and non-judgmental environment to explore and discuss problems and concerns you determine in a given session. I walk alongside you to support your emotional and mental health, while increasing awareness and understanding of self for personal growth, and encouraging meaningful relationships with important people in your life. My overall approach is eclectic, using different treatment modalities, and is “person-centered” to provide each individual an experience which meets their needs.
(724) 302-3201 View (724) 302-3201
Photo of Bethany L Ackerman- Enlightening Hope Counseling, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bethany L Ackerman- Enlightening Hope Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I have worked in a variety of mental health settings throughout my career and I have extensive experience working with children, teens, and adults with a wide range of mental health disorders. I have several years of experience working with individuals with drug and alcohol addictions, including those who use medication-assisted therapies. I enjoy working with clients with a variety of diagnoses including depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. I believe there is hope for any mental health challenge.
I have worked in a variety of mental health settings throughout my career and I have extensive experience working with children, teens, and adults with a wide range of mental health disorders. I have several years of experience working with individuals with drug and alcohol addictions, including those who use medication-assisted therapies. I enjoy working with clients with a variety of diagnoses including depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. I believe there is hope for any mental health challenge.
(724) 948-0902 View (724) 948-0902
Photo of Joyce Kuczma, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joyce Kuczma
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Because I believe initiating therapy is a courageous and admirable movement toward improving a person's life and relationships, I strive to provide an atmosphere of respect, security, acceptance-- and above all... hope! I am committed to creating an experience in which clients feel empowered through coaching, modeling, and multi-media education that makes learning new concepts understandable and easily incorporated into everyday life. (Please scroll down to view accepted insurance plans.)
Because I believe initiating therapy is a courageous and admirable movement toward improving a person's life and relationships, I strive to provide an atmosphere of respect, security, acceptance-- and above all... hope! I am committed to creating an experience in which clients feel empowered through coaching, modeling, and multi-media education that makes learning new concepts understandable and easily incorporated into everyday life. (Please scroll down to view accepted insurance plans.)
(412) 307-5776 View (412) 307-5776
Photo of Caroline Franko, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Caroline Franko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642
Managing life's stressors and challenges can be difficult to do alone. You may feel worried, overwhelmed and stressed. Maybe you need healing from a difficult life event. I want to help support you in embracing self-awareness while developing the value of boundary setting and healthy interpersonal relationships and reducing feelings of self criticism. I strongly believe in the importance of building a trusting therapeutic relationship with my clients and treating a person as a whole. My goal is to help you gain self-awareness while healing and challenging unhealthy thoughts and/or beliefs.
Managing life's stressors and challenges can be difficult to do alone. You may feel worried, overwhelmed and stressed. Maybe you need healing from a difficult life event. I want to help support you in embracing self-awareness while developing the value of boundary setting and healthy interpersonal relationships and reducing feelings of self criticism. I strongly believe in the importance of building a trusting therapeutic relationship with my clients and treating a person as a whole. My goal is to help you gain self-awareness while healing and challenging unhealthy thoughts and/or beliefs.
(724) 604-4403 View (724) 604-4403
Photo of Jonathan Held, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonathan Held
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irwin, PA 15642
My name is Jon and I would love to work with you! My background is in structural family therapy (SFT); however, I also have extensive experience in individual and couples therapy. I love helping individuals, couples, and/or families find more effective ways to cope and communicate. I can meet in Irwin, PA; Greensburg, PA; Bethel Park (Pittsburgh) Murrysville (near Monroeville/Pittsburgh); or online via Skype, FaceTime, or GoToMeeting
My name is Jon and I would love to work with you! My background is in structural family therapy (SFT); however, I also have extensive experience in individual and couples therapy. I love helping individuals, couples, and/or families find more effective ways to cope and communicate. I can meet in Irwin, PA; Greensburg, PA; Bethel Park (Pittsburgh) Murrysville (near Monroeville/Pittsburgh); or online via Skype, FaceTime, or GoToMeeting
(814) 201-3901 View (814) 201-3901
Photo of Stephen Luther - WPA Counseling, MSEd, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
WPA Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642
At WPA Counseling, We Understand the Ins and Outs of Mental Healthcare The path to a better and healthier mental health space can be long, intimidating, and scary. Here at WPA Counseling, we understand the obstacles and stigmas that come with mental health. Depression, anxiety, and even the fear of retaliation are all valid feelings to have when considering mental health counseling. The journey, however, begins with you.
At WPA Counseling, We Understand the Ins and Outs of Mental Healthcare The path to a better and healthier mental health space can be long, intimidating, and scary. Here at WPA Counseling, we understand the obstacles and stigmas that come with mental health. Depression, anxiety, and even the fear of retaliation are all valid feelings to have when considering mental health counseling. The journey, however, begins with you.
(724) 964-2174 View (724) 964-2174
Photo of Barbara Penn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Penn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
One of the greatest things about challenges in life is that we’re given the opportunity to discover we’re stronger than we ever imagined. Understanding that we can develop the skills necessary to conquer life’s challenges is critical to creating the life we want for ourselves. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health field having worked in a hospital setting at UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, residential treatment and outpatient levels of care.
One of the greatest things about challenges in life is that we’re given the opportunity to discover we’re stronger than we ever imagined. Understanding that we can develop the skills necessary to conquer life’s challenges is critical to creating the life we want for ourselves. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health field having worked in a hospital setting at UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, residential treatment and outpatient levels of care.
(878) 295-0997 View (878) 295-0997
Photo of Susan McCune, LCSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan McCune
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
We all need a little help now and then. Where you are now may not be where you want to be. Conquer anxiety and worry. Feel better about yourself. Take a deeper look at a problem and develop a solution. Heal trauma and loss. Become more assertive and in command of your life. Marriage in a bad place? Anxious? Sad? Stuck? Not liking what you see in the mirror? I offer a confidential, safe space to explore your options and the professional insight that you may need to overcome those obstacles. Call me.
We all need a little help now and then. Where you are now may not be where you want to be. Conquer anxiety and worry. Feel better about yourself. Take a deeper look at a problem and develop a solution. Heal trauma and loss. Become more assertive and in command of your life. Marriage in a bad place? Anxious? Sad? Stuck? Not liking what you see in the mirror? I offer a confidential, safe space to explore your options and the professional insight that you may need to overcome those obstacles. Call me.
(724) 259-3788 View (724) 259-3788
Photo of Kevin Rico, LCSW, MS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kevin Rico
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS
Verified Verified
Irwin, PA 15642  (Online Only)
In my practice, I provide a supportive environment that allows an opportunity for people to be listened to in a manner that is different from interactions they may have with family or friends. I attempt to provide counseling tools that can help those who are experiencing difficulty to gain increased awareness of positive steps they can take to better manage situations that create problems for them. I have helped people who are adjusting to life changes that are stressful, and I also work with those who have developed more lasting symptoms of anxiety or depression.
In my practice, I provide a supportive environment that allows an opportunity for people to be listened to in a manner that is different from interactions they may have with family or friends. I attempt to provide counseling tools that can help those who are experiencing difficulty to gain increased awareness of positive steps they can take to better manage situations that create problems for them. I have helped people who are adjusting to life changes that are stressful, and I also work with those who have developed more lasting symptoms of anxiety or depression.
(724) 505-4632 View (724) 505-4632

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 15642

90+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in 15642 who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
92% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
78% Coping Skills
78% Self Esteem
69% Family Conflict
68% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Highmark
75% University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
74% Optum

How Therapists in 15642 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 15642?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.