Photo of Candace N Thornton, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Candace N Thornton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215  (Online Only)
“There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you” -Maya Angelou Are you considering sharing your story? Yet feel like no one is listening? Well you have come to the right place, Candace listens because she cares. Candace is a LMFT, passionate about working with individuals, couples, and families, and offers a safe and warm environment where her clients are free to explore and grow holistically. Her goal is to empower people spiritually, mentally, and emotionally.
“There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you” -Maya Angelou Are you considering sharing your story? Yet feel like no one is listening? Well you have come to the right place, Candace listens because she cares. Candace is a LMFT, passionate about working with individuals, couples, and families, and offers a safe and warm environment where her clients are free to explore and grow holistically. Her goal is to empower people spiritually, mentally, and emotionally.
(315) 843-0528 View (315) 843-0528
Photo of Tricia Lynn Park, PhD, RN, Psychologist
Tricia Lynn Park
Psychologist, PhD, RN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13215  (Online Only)
Warm welcome. I am Tricia Lynn Park, a NY-licensed clinical psychologist for 25 years dedicated to helping people navigate their mental health journey with compassion and evidence-based practices. I am currently accepting new clients for virtual sessions. My passion is assisting people in discovering the roots of their present-day issues and regaining their sense of direction and wellness. I offer short and long-term individual and couples counseling.
Warm welcome. I am Tricia Lynn Park, a NY-licensed clinical psychologist for 25 years dedicated to helping people navigate their mental health journey with compassion and evidence-based practices. I am currently accepting new clients for virtual sessions. My passion is assisting people in discovering the roots of their present-day issues and regaining their sense of direction and wellness. I offer short and long-term individual and couples counseling.
(315) 961-8818 View (315) 961-8818
Photo of Laura Brennan, LMHC, Counselor
Laura Brennan
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13215
Therapy is a wonderful opportunity to gain a deeper sense of fulfillment in your life. Whether you’re new to therapy or have tried many different types of treatment, I’m here to help you. I am a New York State Licensed Mental Health Counselor, specializing in addiction, anxiety, depression, stress management, life transitions and other behavioral health concerns. My therapeutic approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address personal life challenges.
Therapy is a wonderful opportunity to gain a deeper sense of fulfillment in your life. Whether you’re new to therapy or have tried many different types of treatment, I’m here to help you. I am a New York State Licensed Mental Health Counselor, specializing in addiction, anxiety, depression, stress management, life transitions and other behavioral health concerns. My therapeutic approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address personal life challenges.
(315) 302-1398 View (315) 302-1398
Photo of Tina M. Snyder, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tina M. Snyder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215  (Online Only)
I have over 13 years experience working with adults, adolescents, children, & families. I specialize in working with those who have experienced trauma, stress, attachment wounds, loss, grief, depression, anxiety, parent/child/family relationship issues, as well as those needing support with life transitions, stress management, & work-life balance.
I have over 13 years experience working with adults, adolescents, children, & families. I specialize in working with those who have experienced trauma, stress, attachment wounds, loss, grief, depression, anxiety, parent/child/family relationship issues, as well as those needing support with life transitions, stress management, & work-life balance.
(315) 909-6644 View (315) 909-6644
Photo of Harriet Marcia Casey, LCSW, DCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Harriet Marcia Casey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DCC
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I offer a caring and compassionate place to do your healing work. I have over thirty years of experience working with adults, adolescents and children. My goal is to help you find the tools you need to bring harmony and balance to your life.
I offer a caring and compassionate place to do your healing work. I have over thirty years of experience working with adults, adolescents and children. My goal is to help you find the tools you need to bring harmony and balance to your life.
(315) 895-1494 View (315) 895-1494
Photo of Frances Mackin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Frances Mackin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215
Hello, my name is Fran Mackin. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 4 years of clinical experience practicing psychotherapy with warmth and curiosity to help individuals and minors. My specialty areas include anxiety, depression, trauma, and body acceptance/neutrality issues. I am also a culturally competent therapist and have specific experience working with LGBTQIA+ individuals and cancer survivors. I use a mix of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), and Trauma Focused therapies. I believe that humor is a valuable part of the therapeutic process
Hello, my name is Fran Mackin. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 4 years of clinical experience practicing psychotherapy with warmth and curiosity to help individuals and minors. My specialty areas include anxiety, depression, trauma, and body acceptance/neutrality issues. I am also a culturally competent therapist and have specific experience working with LGBTQIA+ individuals and cancer survivors. I use a mix of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), and Trauma Focused therapies. I believe that humor is a valuable part of the therapeutic process
(718) 550-7625 View (718) 550-7625
Photo of Sarah Felver, PhD, Psychologist
Sarah Felver
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215
I am a licensed psychologist, specializing in child, adolescent, and family services. I enjoy working with youth of all ages and have expertise with difficult behaviors of early childhood (e.g., tantrums, aggression, defiance, sleeping difficulties, school refusal) and treatment of anxiety, OCD, and ADHD.
I am a licensed psychologist, specializing in child, adolescent, and family services. I enjoy working with youth of all ages and have expertise with difficult behaviors of early childhood (e.g., tantrums, aggression, defiance, sleeping difficulties, school refusal) and treatment of anxiety, OCD, and ADHD.
(607) 325-8651 View (607) 325-8651
Photo of Jessica Pagan - CNY Thrive Mental Health Counseling, MS, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
CNY Thrive Mental Health Counseling
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215
I approach therapy with an emphasis on empowerment, to aid an individual on their path to happiness.  My focus is helping an individual understand the roots to their emotional pain, and offering guidance in discovering methods to improve mental wellness.  I also assist with developing interventions to promote effective communication skills, increase self-advocacy, and foster healthy coping techniques.  Every life experience is an opportunity for growth, and I believe it’s vital to maintain emotional balance while growing, in order to find peace within life’s journey.
I approach therapy with an emphasis on empowerment, to aid an individual on their path to happiness.  My focus is helping an individual understand the roots to their emotional pain, and offering guidance in discovering methods to improve mental wellness.  I also assist with developing interventions to promote effective communication skills, increase self-advocacy, and foster healthy coping techniques.  Every life experience is an opportunity for growth, and I believe it’s vital to maintain emotional balance while growing, in order to find peace within life’s journey.
(315) 707-4393 View (315) 707-4393
Photo of Shannon Stewart Rocker, PsyD, Psychologist
Shannon Stewart Rocker
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13215  (Online Only)
As a clinical psychologist, my passion is to help people on their journey to live meaningful and fulfilling lives. I understand and appreciate that reaching out for help is not easy. My aim is to work collaboratively with you to improve your relationships, develop healthier connections with the important people in your life, and feel more confident about your decisions moving toward an improved quality of life. Using a strength based and holistic approach, we will work together to develop a plan to best support your growth.
As a clinical psychologist, my passion is to help people on their journey to live meaningful and fulfilling lives. I understand and appreciate that reaching out for help is not easy. My aim is to work collaboratively with you to improve your relationships, develop healthier connections with the important people in your life, and feel more confident about your decisions moving toward an improved quality of life. Using a strength based and holistic approach, we will work together to develop a plan to best support your growth.
(315) 754-9954 View (315) 754-9954
Photo of Renee Kelley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed with daily life stressors, life transitions or challenging family dynamics? I'm here to help! Connection is the basis of healing. I work with individuals, couples and families to overcome life's challenges and live happier, balanced lives. Together, we will work to align where you are today with where you want to be. My therapeutic style is warm, curious, non-judgmental and honest.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with daily life stressors, life transitions or challenging family dynamics? I'm here to help! Connection is the basis of healing. I work with individuals, couples and families to overcome life's challenges and live happier, balanced lives. Together, we will work to align where you are today with where you want to be. My therapeutic style is warm, curious, non-judgmental and honest.
(315) 979-8645 View (315) 979-8645
Photo of David Babb, MS, MHC-LP, CASAC-2, Pre-Licensed Professional
David Babb
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MHC-LP, CASAC-2
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13215
Offering evenings, Saturdays, and sliding scale! Life is challenging and at times it can feel overwhelming. Maybe you're facing difficult choices and a future filled with uncertainty or perhaps you're carrying burdens from your past that are hard to reconcile. Sometimes tried and true methods of coping just seem to come up short. If you've been struggling with issues like anxiety, depression, relationships, or other personal challenges, then navigating alone, without help, can be very difficult.
Offering evenings, Saturdays, and sliding scale! Life is challenging and at times it can feel overwhelming. Maybe you're facing difficult choices and a future filled with uncertainty or perhaps you're carrying burdens from your past that are hard to reconcile. Sometimes tried and true methods of coping just seem to come up short. If you've been struggling with issues like anxiety, depression, relationships, or other personal challenges, then navigating alone, without help, can be very difficult.
(315) 757-1420 View (315) 757-1420
Photo of Russ H Blackstone, LMHC, Counselor
Russ H Blackstone
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215
I am effective working with all temperaments and personalities because I will always remain non-judgemental, respectful, and appreciate you as a unique and precious person. I work with adults (anxiety, depression, anger), teens (meaning, purpose, confidence, virtue) and married couples (communication, respect, love) to help all flourish and love life. We will discuss everything important to YOU and, if desired, integrate Christian ideals and teaching to assist in the healing process. We will set clear goals and I will help you have FUN while we work together to achieve them! Book with me now by clicking on my website.
I am effective working with all temperaments and personalities because I will always remain non-judgemental, respectful, and appreciate you as a unique and precious person. I work with adults (anxiety, depression, anger), teens (meaning, purpose, confidence, virtue) and married couples (communication, respect, love) to help all flourish and love life. We will discuss everything important to YOU and, if desired, integrate Christian ideals and teaching to assist in the healing process. We will set clear goals and I will help you have FUN while we work together to achieve them! Book with me now by clicking on my website.
(716) 322-3198 View (716) 322-3198
Photo of Kathryn Jewell - Insightful Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Insightful Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Onondaga, NY 13215
Accepting New Clients! Welcome to Insightful Therapy! We are a group practice offering flexible scheduling and complementary services for adults and couples. Maybe you're someone who is struggling with important relationships in your life or life transitions. Maybe feeling down or helpless. Perhaps you've been through some difficult times that have left a mark or you feel more on edge in your life lately.
Accepting New Clients! Welcome to Insightful Therapy! We are a group practice offering flexible scheduling and complementary services for adults and couples. Maybe you're someone who is struggling with important relationships in your life or life transitions. Maybe feeling down or helpless. Perhaps you've been through some difficult times that have left a mark or you feel more on edge in your life lately.
(315) 743-5546 View (315) 743-5546
Photo of Giselle Ortiz- Individual And Couples Therapist, LMFT, LMSW, CCTP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Giselle Ortiz- Individual And Couples Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LMSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Onondaga, NY 13215  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling disconnected from either yourself or your romantic partner? Whether you are in search of individual counseling to work on personal struggles or couples therapy to improve relationship issues, I am here to offer you the support and tools that will open up your opportunity to identify core issues and to be able to gain the skills to work towards managing and/or resolving them. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional that works from the lenses of holding space that can prosper an understanding of ones own needs/wants to live life optimally and authentically, for themselves and in their relationships.
Have you been feeling disconnected from either yourself or your romantic partner? Whether you are in search of individual counseling to work on personal struggles or couples therapy to improve relationship issues, I am here to offer you the support and tools that will open up your opportunity to identify core issues and to be able to gain the skills to work towards managing and/or resolving them. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional that works from the lenses of holding space that can prosper an understanding of ones own needs/wants to live life optimally and authentically, for themselves and in their relationships.
(516) 969-5781 View (516) 969-5781
Photo of Caroline Goldschein, MS, LMHC, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Caroline Goldschein
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215
Successful counseling outcomes are grounded in a collaborative and trusting partnership between the therapist and the client. When working with clients, I provide a warm and welcoming space to allow clients to feel supported through both their challenges and successes. My work is to motivate clients, gain insight, help identify barriers to their goals, and identify ways to improve overall health and wellness. Through the therapeutic process, we transform fears, pain, and distress into hope and positive change.
Successful counseling outcomes are grounded in a collaborative and trusting partnership between the therapist and the client. When working with clients, I provide a warm and welcoming space to allow clients to feel supported through both their challenges and successes. My work is to motivate clients, gain insight, help identify barriers to their goals, and identify ways to improve overall health and wellness. Through the therapeutic process, we transform fears, pain, and distress into hope and positive change.
(315) 470-3174 View (315) 470-3174
Photo of Colin Borland, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Colin Borland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215
Waitlist for new clients
At times in life, we are gifted the opportunity to recognize among ourselves that there is room for growth and healing. When you get to this place, it would be an honor to be a stepping stone on your journey. We often don't realize, in the fast paced world, that we have multiple layers that have led us to where we are right now. If things aren't going as you would like, hoped, or dreamed of, lets change your direction towards how you want it to be right now, and moving forward. This starts with you. YOU have the power to change your direction at any given time. If you are feeling stuck, I want to help. I look forward to connecting.
At times in life, we are gifted the opportunity to recognize among ourselves that there is room for growth and healing. When you get to this place, it would be an honor to be a stepping stone on your journey. We often don't realize, in the fast paced world, that we have multiple layers that have led us to where we are right now. If things aren't going as you would like, hoped, or dreamed of, lets change your direction towards how you want it to be right now, and moving forward. This starts with you. YOU have the power to change your direction at any given time. If you are feeling stuck, I want to help. I look forward to connecting.
(315) 902-1742 View (315) 902-1742
Photo of Lauren Young, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Onondaga, NY 13215  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
POTS/ Dysautonomia/ EDS Therapist! Accepting new clients at this time! Your life is a journey that can be difficult to handle on your own sometimes. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression or feelings surrounding a chronic illness you have been impacted by? I can help! I specialize in working with the chronic illness community with a focus on the Dysautonomia / POTS and Ehlers Danlos population as I myself also struggle in this area. It is my role to work alongside you to provide support, empathy and tools to assist you on the goals you would like to achieve in therapy.
POTS/ Dysautonomia/ EDS Therapist! Accepting new clients at this time! Your life is a journey that can be difficult to handle on your own sometimes. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression or feelings surrounding a chronic illness you have been impacted by? I can help! I specialize in working with the chronic illness community with a focus on the Dysautonomia / POTS and Ehlers Danlos population as I myself also struggle in this area. It is my role to work alongside you to provide support, empathy and tools to assist you on the goals you would like to achieve in therapy.
(631) 250-8743 View (631) 250-8743
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Coppola, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Jennifer Coppola
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13215
I am an affirmative therapist who provides family, couple, and individual therapy to people of all ages and identities. As a social justice oriented clinician, I work towards providing emotionally focused and culturally sensitive interventions. I have specialty training in supporting the LGBQ, transgender, and gender diverse/expansive communities. I also specialize in couples therapy, using my published theory of couples therapy but also tailoring my approach to be client driven. Through teletherapy I work with couples and families across New York State. I provide superbills for out of network benefits.
I am an affirmative therapist who provides family, couple, and individual therapy to people of all ages and identities. As a social justice oriented clinician, I work towards providing emotionally focused and culturally sensitive interventions. I have specialty training in supporting the LGBQ, transgender, and gender diverse/expansive communities. I also specialize in couples therapy, using my published theory of couples therapy but also tailoring my approach to be client driven. Through teletherapy I work with couples and families across New York State. I provide superbills for out of network benefits.
(315) 366-4855 View (315) 366-4855
Photo of Dr. Stefanie Greenberg Mokhtarian, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Stefanie Greenberg Mokhtarian
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13215
I recognize the courage it takes to seek therapy where you can bring your truth, examine your readiness to make changes, and explore your hopes and wishes for your future. Moreover, it can feel challenging finding a therapist who feels like a good match to engage in this important work. I am interested in learning what brings you to therapy and where you may be feeling "stuck" in your life. I offer a warm, compassionate space for you to feel seen, heard, and understood. I strive to empower you to consider ways to live authentically, congruent with your values and goals.
I recognize the courage it takes to seek therapy where you can bring your truth, examine your readiness to make changes, and explore your hopes and wishes for your future. Moreover, it can feel challenging finding a therapist who feels like a good match to engage in this important work. I am interested in learning what brings you to therapy and where you may be feeling "stuck" in your life. I offer a warm, compassionate space for you to feel seen, heard, and understood. I strive to empower you to consider ways to live authentically, congruent with your values and goals.
(607) 208-7875 View (607) 208-7875
Photo of Darius P Coleman, MA, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Darius P Coleman
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13215  (Online Only)
Virtual only- I specialize in intersectional identity, trauma, and learned intimacy/ vulnerability as inhibitors to fostering/ restoring trust, relational satisfaction, and reconciliation with your former self. My approach in clinical practice is solution-focused, relational, and skill-building, however requires my ideal clients to be deeply committed to reconstructing long standing beliefs and judgments. With over 12 years of both research and clinical practice, I treat common concerns such as mood disorders, TBI / ABI, OCD/ compulsive behaviors, bipolar disorders, disordered eating, narcissism, and relational/ intimate conflict.
Virtual only- I specialize in intersectional identity, trauma, and learned intimacy/ vulnerability as inhibitors to fostering/ restoring trust, relational satisfaction, and reconciliation with your former self. My approach in clinical practice is solution-focused, relational, and skill-building, however requires my ideal clients to be deeply committed to reconstructing long standing beliefs and judgments. With over 12 years of both research and clinical practice, I treat common concerns such as mood disorders, TBI / ABI, OCD/ compulsive behaviors, bipolar disorders, disordered eating, narcissism, and relational/ intimate conflict.
(917) 708-8738 View (917) 708-8738
1

See more therapy options for 13215

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 13215

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 13215 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Depression
86% Coping Skills
81% Relationship Issues
81% Stress
81% Life Transitions
76% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
77% Cigna and Evernorth
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 13215 see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 13215?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.