Photo of Haley Kastner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Haley Kastner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Haley provides evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and adults. She has had the opportunity to provide care in private practice, school, and medical settings. This array of experiences has fostered her ability to understand clients through a multi-disciplinary lens and draw upon a multitude of evidence-based treatments, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Behavioral Activation, Prevention-Focused Care, Crisis Intervention, Trauma-Focused CBT, and Exposure and Response Prevention. She utilizes these therapies to target anxiety, stress, depression, OCD, trauma, and executive functioning deficits.
Haley provides evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and adults. She has had the opportunity to provide care in private practice, school, and medical settings. This array of experiences has fostered her ability to understand clients through a multi-disciplinary lens and draw upon a multitude of evidence-based treatments, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Behavioral Activation, Prevention-Focused Care, Crisis Intervention, Trauma-Focused CBT, and Exposure and Response Prevention. She utilizes these therapies to target anxiety, stress, depression, OCD, trauma, and executive functioning deficits.
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Photo of Caitlin Northern, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caitlin Northern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Caitlin is a seasoned therapist with over a decade of experience who is dedicated to help guide you on your journey to healing and personal growth. She specializes in helping children, adults, and families to not only address issues like anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, behavioral problems (child/teen), and autism, but to find their overall path towards happiness and well-being. Her expertise further extends to complex trauma and loss with a deep understanding of attachment-related issues. Her understanding of Child and Family Studies makes her exceptionally well-prepared to address issues at the individual and environmental levels.
Caitlin is a seasoned therapist with over a decade of experience who is dedicated to help guide you on your journey to healing and personal growth. She specializes in helping children, adults, and families to not only address issues like anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, behavioral problems (child/teen), and autism, but to find their overall path towards happiness and well-being. Her expertise further extends to complex trauma and loss with a deep understanding of attachment-related issues. Her understanding of Child and Family Studies makes her exceptionally well-prepared to address issues at the individual and environmental levels.
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Photo of Claudia P. Salgado, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Claudia P. Salgado
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
When worry and self-doubt feel like a constant companion it may be difficult to focus on work, family, relationships. When you find yourself avoiding things such as conversations, that tennis practice or game, or that outing with friends, that feeling of uneasiness increases. You now fear the impact on your relationships, with colleagues, friends and loved ones as well as on your future goals. Now imagine learning and utilizing skills that allow you to overcome the stressors in your life while developing and nurturing your relationships.
When worry and self-doubt feel like a constant companion it may be difficult to focus on work, family, relationships. When you find yourself avoiding things such as conversations, that tennis practice or game, or that outing with friends, that feeling of uneasiness increases. You now fear the impact on your relationships, with colleagues, friends and loved ones as well as on your future goals. Now imagine learning and utilizing skills that allow you to overcome the stressors in your life while developing and nurturing your relationships.
(973) 983-3485 View (973) 983-3485
Photo of Jilyan D. Lane-Cruz - Jilyan Lane-Cruz, MA, LAC, NCC, Counselor
Jilyan Lane-Cruz
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
Currently Not Accepting New Clients. I strongly believe that everyone has a need to be heard and express themselves. As your counselor, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you vent and have someone to listen to. Whether you are a child or adult, I am here to assist you in doing the hard work of strengthening your ability to maneuver through life’s tough challenges.
Currently Not Accepting New Clients. I strongly believe that everyone has a need to be heard and express themselves. As your counselor, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you vent and have someone to listen to. Whether you are a child or adult, I am here to assist you in doing the hard work of strengthening your ability to maneuver through life’s tough challenges.
(973) 629-8802 View (973) 629-8802
Photo of Patricia C Ulis, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia C Ulis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
The past few years have been a time of change, turmoil and transition for so many of us. Feelings can be difficult to manage and express, especially if you feel you have no one to talk to or who can offer you support without judgment . My goal is to offer you a place where you can feel free to speak openly about everything and anything you'd like to in a safe and non-judgemental way.
The past few years have been a time of change, turmoil and transition for so many of us. Feelings can be difficult to manage and express, especially if you feel you have no one to talk to or who can offer you support without judgment . My goal is to offer you a place where you can feel free to speak openly about everything and anything you'd like to in a safe and non-judgemental way.
(862) 319-8266 View (862) 319-8266
Photo of Michaela D'Urso, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michaela D'Urso
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
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Photo of Adam Baumwoll, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adam Baumwoll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Developing trust and a rapport with a client is critical to ultimate success, and is especially important when working with pre-teens through young adults. This is one of my strengths and a key component in the therapy. I have worked primarily in addressing the following areas: anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD, familial discord, stressors associated with the college application process, relationship issues, and also working with student athletes.
Developing trust and a rapport with a client is critical to ultimate success, and is especially important when working with pre-teens through young adults. This is one of my strengths and a key component in the therapy. I have worked primarily in addressing the following areas: anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD, familial discord, stressors associated with the college application process, relationship issues, and also working with student athletes.
(908) 219-6843 View (908) 219-6843
Photo of Gail Schrimmer, PhD, Psychologist
Gail Schrimmer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Are you seeking individual or group therapy, a psychological evaluation, career testing, or career coaching? Air-filtrated indoor, telehealth, and outdoor sessions are offered, and most in-network insurance plans accepted. With over 20 years of therapy, testing, teaching, and supervising experience, and as both a clinical psychologist and a school psychologist, Dr. Schrimmer has a uniquely comprehensive practice. Calls generally receive a response by the next business day. In addition to daytime appointments, weekend and evening hours are available.
Are you seeking individual or group therapy, a psychological evaluation, career testing, or career coaching? Air-filtrated indoor, telehealth, and outdoor sessions are offered, and most in-network insurance plans accepted. With over 20 years of therapy, testing, teaching, and supervising experience, and as both a clinical psychologist and a school psychologist, Dr. Schrimmer has a uniquely comprehensive practice. Calls generally receive a response by the next business day. In addition to daytime appointments, weekend and evening hours are available.
(973) 309-8756 View (973) 309-8756
Photo of Rachel Jaslow - Creative Drive LLC - Art Therapy & Expressive Arts, MA, ATR-BC, ATCS, Art Therapist
Creative Drive LLC - Art Therapy & Expressive Arts
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, ATCS
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
You might be wondering how Art Therapy can make a difference in your life and how it can help to overcome personal challenges. Creative interventions provide a safe space for you to gradually explore, identify, and move through feelings in productive and insightful directions. I will listen to you and together we will take a creative journey toward healing and restoration. Building trust, strengthening relationships and avoiding destructive patterns can be so hard to manage. Accessing your creative process will reduce the fears that hold you back from experiencing the joys of everyday life. I welcome the chance to work with you.
You might be wondering how Art Therapy can make a difference in your life and how it can help to overcome personal challenges. Creative interventions provide a safe space for you to gradually explore, identify, and move through feelings in productive and insightful directions. I will listen to you and together we will take a creative journey toward healing and restoration. Building trust, strengthening relationships and avoiding destructive patterns can be so hard to manage. Accessing your creative process will reduce the fears that hold you back from experiencing the joys of everyday life. I welcome the chance to work with you.
(862) 256-5610 View (862) 256-5610
Photo of Joyce Baldinucci, LCSW, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joyce Baldinucci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
If your life isn't what you'd like it to be, it may be time to seek help. You may be using alcohol or drugs to help you cope. Your marriage and life may be impacted by greater stress. Past traumas may be activated. Anxiety may be high. I am both an LCSW and LCADC with extensive training in IFS, EMDR, DBT, and EFT, and can help you develop effective coping skills as well as guide you to find more balance internally. Whether you are struggling with addiction, relationship difficulties, trauma or just "overwhelm," you will be better equipped to handle your life. You don't need to figure this out by yourself - reach out.
If your life isn't what you'd like it to be, it may be time to seek help. You may be using alcohol or drugs to help you cope. Your marriage and life may be impacted by greater stress. Past traumas may be activated. Anxiety may be high. I am both an LCSW and LCADC with extensive training in IFS, EMDR, DBT, and EFT, and can help you develop effective coping skills as well as guide you to find more balance internally. Whether you are struggling with addiction, relationship difficulties, trauma or just "overwhelm," you will be better equipped to handle your life. You don't need to figure this out by yourself - reach out.
(862) 520-9333 View (862) 520-9333
Photo of Beth VanDusen, MPS, ATR-BC, LPAT, Art Therapist
Beth VanDusen
Art Therapist, MPS, ATR-BC, LPAT
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
My name is Beth VanDusen, and I am a board certified and licensed professional Art Therapist. If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, personal conflicts, relational issues or difficult life transitions, I can provide a calm, comfortable and non-judgemental space where we can work together. Art Therapy is an ideal option for anyone looking to better understand themselves when words are not easy to come by. Art Therapy engages the mind, body and spirit through the creative process to better connect with ourselves. Through this process we can find the strength within ourselves to move more efficiently through life's challenges.
My name is Beth VanDusen, and I am a board certified and licensed professional Art Therapist. If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, personal conflicts, relational issues or difficult life transitions, I can provide a calm, comfortable and non-judgemental space where we can work together. Art Therapy is an ideal option for anyone looking to better understand themselves when words are not easy to come by. Art Therapy engages the mind, body and spirit through the creative process to better connect with ourselves. Through this process we can find the strength within ourselves to move more efficiently through life's challenges.
(973) 577-9224 View (973) 577-9224
Photo of Harold Altman, PhD, Psychologist
Harold Altman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
I've been a Teen and Adult Psychologist for over 30+ years. Do you have questions about your teen's academic, emotional and/or social functioning? Does he/she struggle with anxiety, depression, motivation, learning, ADHD and peer issues? Are you asking yourself how to best respond? Let me review previous test results, contact your school, other professionals, and/or MD to start your family on the road to health and well-being. I also work with adults who are going through a range of issues including, relationship difficulties, marital and multigenerational conflict resolution. Contact me for a 15 min free consult.
I've been a Teen and Adult Psychologist for over 30+ years. Do you have questions about your teen's academic, emotional and/or social functioning? Does he/she struggle with anxiety, depression, motivation, learning, ADHD and peer issues? Are you asking yourself how to best respond? Let me review previous test results, contact your school, other professionals, and/or MD to start your family on the road to health and well-being. I also work with adults who are going through a range of issues including, relationship difficulties, marital and multigenerational conflict resolution. Contact me for a 15 min free consult.
(973) 321-3384 x4 View (973) 321-3384 x4
Photo of Ilana Mazur, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ilana Mazur
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
I provide a safe, supportive and non- judgmental environment in which to help you deal with the challenges or difficulties you are experiencing in your life. Whether dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, parenting issues, relationship issues or a health/medical condition, we will work together to find ways to help you better deal with your situation, find healthier ways of coping and experience a more manageable and fulfilling life.
I provide a safe, supportive and non- judgmental environment in which to help you deal with the challenges or difficulties you are experiencing in your life. Whether dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, parenting issues, relationship issues or a health/medical condition, we will work together to find ways to help you better deal with your situation, find healthier ways of coping and experience a more manageable and fulfilling life.
(973) 810-4216 View (973) 810-4216
Photo of Janelle Frazier, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janelle Frazier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are there things that you haven't been able to say? Are you feeling anxious about an uncertain future? Are you feeling stuck or unhappy in your personal or professional life? Do you struggle to value yourself and everything that you bring to the world? Many of the clients that I've served have suppressed feelings of anger, sadness, shame and guilt, and those feelings manifested as depression and anxiety. By using a collaborative, strengths-based approach, we can work together to affect change in your life.
Are there things that you haven't been able to say? Are you feeling anxious about an uncertain future? Are you feeling stuck or unhappy in your personal or professional life? Do you struggle to value yourself and everything that you bring to the world? Many of the clients that I've served have suppressed feelings of anger, sadness, shame and guilt, and those feelings manifested as depression and anxiety. By using a collaborative, strengths-based approach, we can work together to affect change in your life.
(973) 834-8876 View (973) 834-8876
Photo of Alfredo Joaquin Lowe, PhD, ABPP, FAACP, LCADC, Psychologist
Alfredo Joaquin Lowe
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, FAACP, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
Not accepting new clients
I am a Board Certified Licensed Clinical Psychologist in New Jersey, North Carolina, and New York and work as a full-time psychologist in private practice in Livingston, NJ. I received my doctorate degree in Clinical Psychology from Adelphi University in 2002 after having completed my pre-doctoral internship at Trinitas Hospital. I received a Master's Degree in Educational Psychology from Montclair State University in 1996. I have also been a Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LCADC) in New Jersey since 2009.
I am a Board Certified Licensed Clinical Psychologist in New Jersey, North Carolina, and New York and work as a full-time psychologist in private practice in Livingston, NJ. I received my doctorate degree in Clinical Psychology from Adelphi University in 2002 after having completed my pre-doctoral internship at Trinitas Hospital. I received a Master's Degree in Educational Psychology from Montclair State University in 1996. I have also been a Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LCADC) in New Jersey since 2009.
(973) 457-4693 View (973) 457-4693
Photo of Clorinda Bulfamante, PsyD, Psychologist
Clorinda Bulfamante
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
I am a clinical psychologist providing therapy and assessment services in Scarsdale and Greenwich. I treat various conditions, such as depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, social anxiety, and school/work issues. I also focus on life transitions, whether that be a recent move, transition from college, changes in family dynamics, or changes in significant relationships. Furthermore, I have extensive experience in conducting psychological assessments. Therapeutically, I focus on developing teens and adults, where as I provide assessments for all ages.
I am a clinical psychologist providing therapy and assessment services in Scarsdale and Greenwich. I treat various conditions, such as depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, social anxiety, and school/work issues. I also focus on life transitions, whether that be a recent move, transition from college, changes in family dynamics, or changes in significant relationships. Furthermore, I have extensive experience in conducting psychological assessments. Therapeutically, I focus on developing teens and adults, where as I provide assessments for all ages.
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Photo of Wendy J Lazarus, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy J Lazarus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Life can be difficult. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, sad, angry, hurt, worried or having intrusive negative thoughts, talk therapy helps. As your therapist, I can assist you in working through these challenges in order for you to live a more fulfilling and satisfying life. I provide a warm, safe and non-judgmental space where teens and adults can speak freely and feel heard.
Life can be difficult. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, sad, angry, hurt, worried or having intrusive negative thoughts, talk therapy helps. As your therapist, I can assist you in working through these challenges in order for you to live a more fulfilling and satisfying life. I provide a warm, safe and non-judgmental space where teens and adults can speak freely and feel heard.
(862) 305-8431 View (862) 305-8431
Photo of Priyanka Upadhyaya, PsyD, Psychologist
Priyanka Upadhyaya
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Are you juggling many balls wondering which one you might drop? Maybe you’re stressed about work, your boss, or about your relationships. You see it getting to you, your partner, or the well being of your children. Are you busy, socially visible and active, but feel “tired all of the time”, stuck or lacking a sense of purpose and meaning? 
You want to feel healthier, satisfied with your life and relationships, maximize your potential, wake up in the morning embracing your day with direction and purpose. Imagine what that life could look like.
Are you juggling many balls wondering which one you might drop? Maybe you’re stressed about work, your boss, or about your relationships. You see it getting to you, your partner, or the well being of your children. Are you busy, socially visible and active, but feel “tired all of the time”, stuck or lacking a sense of purpose and meaning? 
You want to feel healthier, satisfied with your life and relationships, maximize your potential, wake up in the morning embracing your day with direction and purpose. Imagine what that life could look like.
View
Photo of Sharon Shrensel, PsyD, Psychologist
Sharon Shrensel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
I am a therapist for over 35 years, and have brought support, relief, guidance and insight to my patients. I customize my approach to support each person's needs and motivations to ensure that the therapy is guided by what each person may need, whether it is goal directed, insight oriented, cognitive behavioral strategies, mindfulness based strategies, or unburdening their fears and concerns in a safe environment.
I am a therapist for over 35 years, and have brought support, relief, guidance and insight to my patients. I customize my approach to support each person's needs and motivations to ensure that the therapy is guided by what each person may need, whether it is goal directed, insight oriented, cognitive behavioral strategies, mindfulness based strategies, or unburdening their fears and concerns in a safe environment.
(908) 923-0635 View (908) 923-0635
Photo of Jordan Levy, PhD, Psychologist
Jordan Levy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working with adolescents and adults. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety as well as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, particularly the Purely Obsessional (Pure-O) subtype. I trained with a world renowned expert in OCD in Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy. Additionally, I am also experienced in the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Phobias, tic disorders, Perfectionism and Posttraumatic stress disorder. My research background encompassed relationship and sexual variables related to sexual dysfunction.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working with adolescents and adults. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety as well as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, particularly the Purely Obsessional (Pure-O) subtype. I trained with a world renowned expert in OCD in Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy. Additionally, I am also experienced in the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Phobias, tic disorders, Perfectionism and Posttraumatic stress disorder. My research background encompassed relationship and sexual variables related to sexual dysfunction.
(973) 251-2228 View (973) 251-2228
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 07039

300+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in 07039 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
66% Family Conflict
63% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 07039 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 07039?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.