Photo of Bernard Lapp, PhD, Psychologist
Bernard Lapp
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117
My 30+ year career in psychology began with a specialty in the behavior problems of children and adolescents. Although this continues as a specialty, my practice has evolved to include adult, marital, and family issues. I place a strong emphasis on enhancing family harmony and cohesiveness through "common sense" parenting and developing sound marital relationships. I am aware that certain adult mental health issues may negatively impact family functioning. In some instances those adult issues need to be addressed first. I attempt to include the school and other agencies in the treatment plan when indicated.
My 30+ year career in psychology began with a specialty in the behavior problems of children and adolescents. Although this continues as a specialty, my practice has evolved to include adult, marital, and family issues. I place a strong emphasis on enhancing family harmony and cohesiveness through "common sense" parenting and developing sound marital relationships. I am aware that certain adult mental health issues may negatively impact family functioning. In some instances those adult issues need to be addressed first. I attempt to include the school and other agencies in the treatment plan when indicated.
(860) 986-6808 View (860) 986-6808
Photo of Sarah Jane Hannigan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah Jane Hannigan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist, that has been providing assistance to clients for over 14 years. I have worked with couples, families and individuals. I have found that the key to addressing personal issues is to “strive for progress, not perfection.” It is the key to living a fulfilling life for yourself and those around you. My clients are treated with the utmost respect at all times, as respect and trust must be present in order for progress to be made in a therapeutic relationship. I never judge any client situation. Rather, I help guide you through what presents itself as a difficult situation in your life.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist, that has been providing assistance to clients for over 14 years. I have worked with couples, families and individuals. I have found that the key to addressing personal issues is to “strive for progress, not perfection.” It is the key to living a fulfilling life for yourself and those around you. My clients are treated with the utmost respect at all times, as respect and trust must be present in order for progress to be made in a therapeutic relationship. I never judge any client situation. Rather, I help guide you through what presents itself as a difficult situation in your life.
(959) 265-0655 View (959) 265-0655
Photo of Ellery Smith, LMFT, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ellery Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LLC
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117
Let's work together to investigate how your feelings, thoughts and beliefs are shaping your current experience. From that place the goal will become to change that which you decide is no longer serving you. I have enjoyed working with individuals from a variety of life circumstances presenting with many different issues and symptoms. My approach is active and engaged while also allowing space for silence and reflection.
Let's work together to investigate how your feelings, thoughts and beliefs are shaping your current experience. From that place the goal will become to change that which you decide is no longer serving you. I have enjoyed working with individuals from a variety of life circumstances presenting with many different issues and symptoms. My approach is active and engaged while also allowing space for silence and reflection.
(860) 288-4470 View (860) 288-4470
Photo of Elizabeth Cestero, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Cestero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
Empowering individuals and families to better themselves through validation and empathy has always been a passion of mine for the past 18 years professionally. It is a journey to mental wellness. I view therapy as a partnership between client and therapist. Together, I want to help you cope with past traumas, decrease anxiety/depression and stabilize your mind to improve your quality of life. Through a relational/friendly style; I want you to experience nonjudgement & feel comfortable, respected, supported and appropriately challenged when needed. You are important; you can feel differently; you are not alone on this journey.
Empowering individuals and families to better themselves through validation and empathy has always been a passion of mine for the past 18 years professionally. It is a journey to mental wellness. I view therapy as a partnership between client and therapist. Together, I want to help you cope with past traumas, decrease anxiety/depression and stabilize your mind to improve your quality of life. Through a relational/friendly style; I want you to experience nonjudgement & feel comfortable, respected, supported and appropriately challenged when needed. You are important; you can feel differently; you are not alone on this journey.
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Photo of Katie Goodman - Katie Goodman Counseling and Supervision, MA, LPC, NBCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Goodman Counseling and Supervision
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a therapeutic approach that's totally DIFFERENT from what you've experienced before? I help individuals get back on track despite obstacles that have gotten in their way -- anxiety, depression, life changes, or even just feeling STUCK. If you need someone with whom you will actually CONNECT, and who is not only an expert listener but also a facilitator of REAL CHANGE, then welcome! Today is the first day of your new path.
Are you looking for a therapeutic approach that's totally DIFFERENT from what you've experienced before? I help individuals get back on track despite obstacles that have gotten in their way -- anxiety, depression, life changes, or even just feeling STUCK. If you need someone with whom you will actually CONNECT, and who is not only an expert listener but also a facilitator of REAL CHANGE, then welcome! Today is the first day of your new path.
(475) 897-5309 View (475) 897-5309
Photo of Carol Lamson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carol Lamson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
Are you feeling stuck, afraid, depressed or overwhelmed in some way? At times, it can feel like there is no clear path to fulfillment and ease. However, in a safe and collaborative therapeutic process, it's completely possible to overcome your issues and live the life you desire. Whether it's managing stress, increasing self-esteem, having more satisfying relationships or creating healthier patterns, we'll discover together, the fulfillment and joy you deserve. Although I work with many types of issues, I specialize in anxiety, insomnia, depression, trauma, addictions, parent coaching, career issues, women's issues, and chronic illness.
Are you feeling stuck, afraid, depressed or overwhelmed in some way? At times, it can feel like there is no clear path to fulfillment and ease. However, in a safe and collaborative therapeutic process, it's completely possible to overcome your issues and live the life you desire. Whether it's managing stress, increasing self-esteem, having more satisfying relationships or creating healthier patterns, we'll discover together, the fulfillment and joy you deserve. Although I work with many types of issues, I specialize in anxiety, insomnia, depression, trauma, addictions, parent coaching, career issues, women's issues, and chronic illness.
(860) 899-1458 View (860) 899-1458
Photo of Tanya Barrett, MS, LPC, NCC
Tanya Barrett
MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling to overcome feelings of anxiety and/or depression or going through a life change? Therapy can be a wonderful tool for self-exploration and growth. If you are struggling to manage your mental health and/or looking for more joy, purpose, and fulfillment in your life, let me help support you as you begin your journey. If you’re an adult dealing with depression, anxiety, and/or life transitions, there is hope and there are effective treatments that can help.
Are you struggling to overcome feelings of anxiety and/or depression or going through a life change? Therapy can be a wonderful tool for self-exploration and growth. If you are struggling to manage your mental health and/or looking for more joy, purpose, and fulfillment in your life, let me help support you as you begin your journey. If you’re an adult dealing with depression, anxiety, and/or life transitions, there is hope and there are effective treatments that can help.
(860) 864-5838 View (860) 864-5838
Photo of Naomi Lufkin, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Naomi Lufkin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
How are you getting in your own way? Did you grow up in a toxic family? Is there a way you start believing that you are not good enough? You look in the mirror and feel puzzled by this stranger looking back at you. Getting out of bed each morning is becoming more difficult. You feel invisible. Life has become totally overwhelming. You support everyone else, and yet you feel completely drained. You have lost direction, and feel sad, lonely, and miserable. You want to start taking risks, and absolutely need to make changes in your life, in order for you to feel fulfilled! Yet, you feel as though you are in quick sand!
How are you getting in your own way? Did you grow up in a toxic family? Is there a way you start believing that you are not good enough? You look in the mirror and feel puzzled by this stranger looking back at you. Getting out of bed each morning is becoming more difficult. You feel invisible. Life has become totally overwhelming. You support everyone else, and yet you feel completely drained. You have lost direction, and feel sad, lonely, and miserable. You want to start taking risks, and absolutely need to make changes in your life, in order for you to feel fulfilled! Yet, you feel as though you are in quick sand!
(959) 335-9013 View (959) 335-9013
Photo of Leah Lucarelli, DNP, APRN, FNP-C
Leah Lucarelli
DNP, APRN, FNP-C
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117  (Online Only)
I am an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) with a passion for helping others achieve their goals and get to the best versions of themselves. Through education and experience of 12 years, I possess a background in physical and mental health. I work with my patients and their therapists to marry therapy with medication management.
I am an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) with a passion for helping others achieve their goals and get to the best versions of themselves. Through education and experience of 12 years, I possess a background in physical and mental health. I work with my patients and their therapists to marry therapy with medication management.
(475) 256-6697 View (475) 256-6697
Photo of Dr. Daniel Fabian, PsyD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Daniel Fabian
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117
What grows in a garden is largely based on what the gardener plants and gives attention to. When we are able to be fully present with our mind and body and bring warmth to our inner garden, we begin to notice a healthy blossoming. My intention in therapy is to help your child bring greater awareness to their personal garden and observe it with greater clarity, so they can feel empowered as the gardener and give attention to the aspects of themselves they wish to see grow.
What grows in a garden is largely based on what the gardener plants and gives attention to. When we are able to be fully present with our mind and body and bring warmth to our inner garden, we begin to notice a healthy blossoming. My intention in therapy is to help your child bring greater awareness to their personal garden and observe it with greater clarity, so they can feel empowered as the gardener and give attention to the aspects of themselves they wish to see grow.
(860) 932-3955 View (860) 932-3955
Photo of Tahara DeBarrows - A Journey to Healing Counseling, PLLC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
A Journey to Healing Counseling, PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117  (Online Only)
I'm Tahara, a dedicated and compassionate Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in helping individuals like you navigate the intricacies of their emotional world. My passion lies in assisting clients in their pursuit of self-confidence, self-advocacy, and emotional well-being. ​
I'm Tahara, a dedicated and compassionate Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in helping individuals like you navigate the intricacies of their emotional world. My passion lies in assisting clients in their pursuit of self-confidence, self-advocacy, and emotional well-being. ​
(860) 385-6905 View (860) 385-6905
Photo of Kyoung-Hi S. Dickson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kyoung-Hi S. Dickson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
I provide a safe and nurturing environment where individuals, couples and families can explore ways in which they are stuck and help them find a more fulfilling life. Whether I see an individual or an entire family, I use a relational, solution-focused and collaborative approach that respects client strengths and experience to help them. Being a Korean-American with first hand experience living in different countries, I bring a culturally-sensitive and non-judgmental approach to help clients increase insight, identify patterns that no longer are useful and develop a path forward that will bring more fulfillment.
I provide a safe and nurturing environment where individuals, couples and families can explore ways in which they are stuck and help them find a more fulfilling life. Whether I see an individual or an entire family, I use a relational, solution-focused and collaborative approach that respects client strengths and experience to help them. Being a Korean-American with first hand experience living in different countries, I bring a culturally-sensitive and non-judgmental approach to help clients increase insight, identify patterns that no longer are useful and develop a path forward that will bring more fulfillment.
(860) 516-0297 View (860) 516-0297
Photo of Kathleen Zecchin, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Zecchin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117
As a holistic psychotherapist with over 30 years of experience, I have had the privilege of supporting my clients through a variety of difficult life experiences. Integrating my own personal struggles and shame has opened me to become a more compassionate, nonjudgmental therapist. My warmth and humor help to create a safe environment that allows my clients to transform difficult emotions such as grief, rage ,despair,fear, and shame and open to more happiness, fulfillment and peace in their lives.
As a holistic psychotherapist with over 30 years of experience, I have had the privilege of supporting my clients through a variety of difficult life experiences. Integrating my own personal struggles and shame has opened me to become a more compassionate, nonjudgmental therapist. My warmth and humor help to create a safe environment that allows my clients to transform difficult emotions such as grief, rage ,despair,fear, and shame and open to more happiness, fulfillment and peace in their lives.
(860) 879-0245 View (860) 879-0245
Photo of Jamie Rosenthal, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie Rosenthal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
Helping you help yourself has been my passion and mission for over 15 years. I am the kind of therapist that will be real with you with empathy and compassion. I won't sugar coat it or use too much clinical jargon to confuse you. I will utilize theoretical frameworks such cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma therapies, mindfulness work etc. I enjoy working with tweens to adulthood and have extensive experience treating anxiety, depression, ADHD/executive functioning challenges, peer conflict, family issues, trauma, and anger. I have unique experience in specifically treating those who have experienced medical trauma.
Helping you help yourself has been my passion and mission for over 15 years. I am the kind of therapist that will be real with you with empathy and compassion. I won't sugar coat it or use too much clinical jargon to confuse you. I will utilize theoretical frameworks such cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma therapies, mindfulness work etc. I enjoy working with tweens to adulthood and have extensive experience treating anxiety, depression, ADHD/executive functioning challenges, peer conflict, family issues, trauma, and anger. I have unique experience in specifically treating those who have experienced medical trauma.
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Photo of Michal B Klau-Stevens - Azure Psychotherapy, LCSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Azure Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
“I’m overwhelmed. I’m just so tired.” “I didn’t know being a mom would be so hard.” “I don’t want to parent the way I was raised.” “I just got clean and I want to stay clean and sober.” “My PTSD from childhood abuse/DV/traumatic birth gets in the way of my daily life.” These are things my clients tell me when we first meet. I help them heal and feel better. I'm an LCSW in private practice specializing in working with women, particularly during pregnancy and early parenting. I have experience working with trauma, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. I also do brief interventions in partnership with other therapies.
“I’m overwhelmed. I’m just so tired.” “I didn’t know being a mom would be so hard.” “I don’t want to parent the way I was raised.” “I just got clean and I want to stay clean and sober.” “My PTSD from childhood abuse/DV/traumatic birth gets in the way of my daily life.” These are things my clients tell me when we first meet. I help them heal and feel better. I'm an LCSW in private practice specializing in working with women, particularly during pregnancy and early parenting. I have experience working with trauma, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. I also do brief interventions in partnership with other therapies.
(860) 813-2583 View (860) 813-2583
Photo of Laurie Taylor, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laurie Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117
Not accepting new clients
In facing life’s challenges, I believe in the importance of asking ourselves, “What’s right with me?” and identifying and building on our strengths. I enjoy accompanying people in exploring themselves with non-judgmental curiosity as they develop greater awareness of their thoughts, feelings, and ways of dealing with whatever life has in store. How have these been influenced by personal experiences growing up and by larger social factors? Gaining this insight allows us to discover what changes might be right for us or to come to accept ourselves just as we are.
In facing life’s challenges, I believe in the importance of asking ourselves, “What’s right with me?” and identifying and building on our strengths. I enjoy accompanying people in exploring themselves with non-judgmental curiosity as they develop greater awareness of their thoughts, feelings, and ways of dealing with whatever life has in store. How have these been influenced by personal experiences growing up and by larger social factors? Gaining this insight allows us to discover what changes might be right for us or to come to accept ourselves just as we are.
(860) 530-4280 View (860) 530-4280
Photo of Kate Marolda, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Marolda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117
We all need support from time to time in navigating life's many challenges. As a dedicated and empathetic listener, I firmly believe in my clients' innate wisdom, and I work to guide you to connect with your own inner awareness of what you need. I specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress as well working with children and adolescents who have experienced trauma, mental health concerns, and challenges related to school and social environment. With a holistic perspective, I employ evidence-based practices, a mind-body approach, and mindfulness to address mental health challenges.
We all need support from time to time in navigating life's many challenges. As a dedicated and empathetic listener, I firmly believe in my clients' innate wisdom, and I work to guide you to connect with your own inner awareness of what you need. I specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress as well working with children and adolescents who have experienced trauma, mental health concerns, and challenges related to school and social environment. With a holistic perspective, I employ evidence-based practices, a mind-body approach, and mindfulness to address mental health challenges.
(860) 385-6791 View (860) 385-6791
Photo of Kerri Zimmerman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kerri Zimmerman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Hartford, CT 06117  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker LCSW, with more than 15 years of clinical experience. I work with people of all ages. I hold a Bachelors degree in psychology from the University of Miami, as well as a Master of Social Work degree from the University of Pennsylvania.
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker LCSW, with more than 15 years of clinical experience. I work with people of all ages. I hold a Bachelors degree in psychology from the University of Miami, as well as a Master of Social Work degree from the University of Pennsylvania.
(860) 744-2276 View (860) 744-2276
Photo of Michael Stokes Certified Sex Therapist, LPC, EdD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Stokes Certified Sex Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EdD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
Are you looking for a Certified Sex Therapist? Someone to truly understands what you are going through? I can help! Finding the right fit for a therapist is so important. You want someone you can trust, open up to about things you would never tell family or friends, and someone who can offer you some useful strategies and feedback. I am an interactive therapist. This means, I will not just sit there and have you talk for 50 minutes without any interactive feedback. Being an interactive therapist, we are having a conversation so there is give and take. We will work together to find strategies and solutions that are practical.
Are you looking for a Certified Sex Therapist? Someone to truly understands what you are going through? I can help! Finding the right fit for a therapist is so important. You want someone you can trust, open up to about things you would never tell family or friends, and someone who can offer you some useful strategies and feedback. I am an interactive therapist. This means, I will not just sit there and have you talk for 50 minutes without any interactive feedback. Being an interactive therapist, we are having a conversation so there is give and take. We will work together to find strategies and solutions that are practical.
(860) 901-0924 View (860) 901-0924
Photo of Nancy Fredine, PhD, Psychologist
Nancy Fredine
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06117
Anxiety and depression are at all-time highs lately, and finding help has gotten very difficult. I am a goal-oriented therapist with 20 years of experience working in the areas of trauma, anxiety, depression, dissociation, and more. I am looking for clients who want to work to make changes to how they feel and how they live their lives.
Anxiety and depression are at all-time highs lately, and finding help has gotten very difficult. I am a goal-oriented therapist with 20 years of experience working in the areas of trauma, anxiety, depression, dissociation, and more. I am looking for clients who want to work to make changes to how they feel and how they live their lives.
(203) 437-4465 View (203) 437-4465

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 06117

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 06117 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Depression
72% Stress
68% Relationship Issues
68% Life Transitions
63% Trauma and PTSD
62% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
47% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 06117 see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 06117?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.