Photo of Gladys Barnes - Gladys Barnes; Solution Focused Therapy, LLC, LADC, LCMHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gladys Barnes; Solution Focused Therapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LADC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
My strengths and talents include having compassion and empathy for the people I work with. What I believe is special or distinct about me as a therapist is my ability to encourage people to be open about their experiences. What I love most about my work is being able to join people in their journey of discovery about what their future holds for them. I have experience working in a community mental health setting for the last 14 years, where I have worked with a variety of mental health needs. I have been working as a private therapist since 2019.
My strengths and talents include having compassion and empathy for the people I work with. What I believe is special or distinct about me as a therapist is my ability to encourage people to be open about their experiences. What I love most about my work is being able to join people in their journey of discovery about what their future holds for them. I have experience working in a community mental health setting for the last 14 years, where I have worked with a variety of mental health needs. I have been working as a private therapist since 2019.
(802) 928-3020 View (802) 928-3020
Photo of Catherine Marrin, MSW, LICSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catherine Marrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with folks with chronic illness, birthing and postpartum, life transitions, loss/grief, death & dying. I utilize mindfulness skills and reflection to support folks in shaping their lives that align with their core values, belief systems and goals. The therapeutic relationship is an essential part of my work with individuals. Understanding how oppression and inequality impacts an individual’s well-being is a valuable part of recovery. I strongly believe in the healing power community and support folks in discovering resources that cultivate connection.
I specialize in working with folks with chronic illness, birthing and postpartum, life transitions, loss/grief, death & dying. I utilize mindfulness skills and reflection to support folks in shaping their lives that align with their core values, belief systems and goals. The therapeutic relationship is an essential part of my work with individuals. Understanding how oppression and inequality impacts an individual’s well-being is a valuable part of recovery. I strongly believe in the healing power community and support folks in discovering resources that cultivate connection.
(802) 681-0219 View (802) 681-0219
Photo of Christopher Brown, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Christopher Brown
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Not accepting new clients
Hello, and welcome! I applaud you for taking the first step to seek support to help you navigate whatever is going on in your life that has landed you here. I believe that a supportive counseling relationship is a powerful tool to encourage change and that clients have the skills inside themselves to overcome obstacles and realize their full potential. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to therapy, so I focus on finding the right tools and resources to create our path forward.
Hello, and welcome! I applaud you for taking the first step to seek support to help you navigate whatever is going on in your life that has landed you here. I believe that a supportive counseling relationship is a powerful tool to encourage change and that clients have the skills inside themselves to overcome obstacles and realize their full potential. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to therapy, so I focus on finding the right tools and resources to create our path forward.
(802) 732-9114 View (802) 732-9114
Photo of Heidi L Weaver, MA, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Heidi L Weaver
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
Online availability ONLY on Tuesday and Wednesday. Hi, there! I am interested in building our relationship's foundation on trust. I believe client and therapist relationship is the only way to produce positive outcomes. When this is established, a beautiful environment is formed to which you, the client, may take steps to heal. We will work together as a team to change negative thinking patterns to positive thinking patterns, fill your tool belt with healthy coping mechanisms and ultimately smash your goals of therapy. This is a non judgmental zone, there are no power struggles and you will feel welcomed.
Online availability ONLY on Tuesday and Wednesday. Hi, there! I am interested in building our relationship's foundation on trust. I believe client and therapist relationship is the only way to produce positive outcomes. When this is established, a beautiful environment is formed to which you, the client, may take steps to heal. We will work together as a team to change negative thinking patterns to positive thinking patterns, fill your tool belt with healthy coping mechanisms and ultimately smash your goals of therapy. This is a non judgmental zone, there are no power struggles and you will feel welcomed.
(802) 357-7213 View (802) 357-7213
Photo of Ryan C Marshall - Ryan Marshall, Summit Psychotherapy Services LLC, MA
Ryan Marshall, Summit Psychotherapy Services LLC
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Ideally, I’m looking to connect with a client’s desire to move forward and make change in life and to progress through challenges, as well as through traumas. With older teenagers, adults and parents dialogue is the primary foundation to build a therapeutic relationship. With children, it is my experience being more playful and more body-based is a fun and effective therapeutic relationship.
Ideally, I’m looking to connect with a client’s desire to move forward and make change in life and to progress through challenges, as well as through traumas. With older teenagers, adults and parents dialogue is the primary foundation to build a therapeutic relationship. With children, it is my experience being more playful and more body-based is a fun and effective therapeutic relationship.
(802) 588-8911 View (802) 588-8911
Photo of Mallorie Kutzner-Tropeano, MS, LCMHC, LLC, Counselor
Mallorie Kutzner-Tropeano
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LLC
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Not accepting new clients
Now Accepting Cash/ Private Pay Clients. I am tremendously passionate and driven to work with individuals who have experienced various hardships in their life. My belief is that every person is worth more than their current or past experiences and circumstances. That you're of value and worth. I believe in helping an individual find their voice, build their self-confidence, self-worth and self-direction. In this I am highly driven to assist an individual in advocating for themselves and identifying their positive qualities.
Now Accepting Cash/ Private Pay Clients. I am tremendously passionate and driven to work with individuals who have experienced various hardships in their life. My belief is that every person is worth more than their current or past experiences and circumstances. That you're of value and worth. I believe in helping an individual find their voice, build their self-confidence, self-worth and self-direction. In this I am highly driven to assist an individual in advocating for themselves and identifying their positive qualities.
(802) 891-4436 View (802) 891-4436
Photo of Christie Lawrence, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christie Lawrence
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Not accepting new clients
Reaching out for help can be overwhelming, and I commend you for taking this first step in making a real change. My practice provides a safe, non-judgmental environment, for us to build a trusting relationship together. Through this journey, we will find strengths in your ability to take on life’s challenges, and work together through your struggles.
Reaching out for help can be overwhelming, and I commend you for taking this first step in making a real change. My practice provides a safe, non-judgmental environment, for us to build a trusting relationship together. Through this journey, we will find strengths in your ability to take on life’s challenges, and work together through your struggles.
(802) 242-8264 View (802) 242-8264
Photo of Dianne Vock DuPrat, MA, LCMHC, Counselor
Dianne Vock DuPrat
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Not accepting new clients
Psychotherapy is very rewarding and challenging work. Anyone seeking to make themselves healthier needs to know that and be open to change. Despite how difficult it is to work through the issues that disrupt our lives, the reward is learning that life is a process worth living and improving on a continuous basis. I treat people with trauma issues, depression, anxiety, PTSD, career moves, family issues, OCD, addictive behaviors, relationship problems and interpersonal unhappiness often beginning with providing psycho-educational information such as personal boundaries, basic human rights, safety, and coping and advocacy skills.
Psychotherapy is very rewarding and challenging work. Anyone seeking to make themselves healthier needs to know that and be open to change. Despite how difficult it is to work through the issues that disrupt our lives, the reward is learning that life is a process worth living and improving on a continuous basis. I treat people with trauma issues, depression, anxiety, PTSD, career moves, family issues, OCD, addictive behaviors, relationship problems and interpersonal unhappiness often beginning with providing psycho-educational information such as personal boundaries, basic human rights, safety, and coping and advocacy skills.
(802) 532-4022 View (802) 532-4022
Photo of Deborah F Ketcham, MA, LCMHC, RPT-S, Counselor
Deborah F Ketcham
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
In 20 years of witnessing adults/children within the therapeutic relationship, I am in awe of the strength and resiliency individuals show in the face of truly traumatic events. Over the years, I have built a level of expertise in understanding the role that the transpersonal plays in the healing process. Being a Registered Play Therapist means that I have examined clinically how the story we tell ourselves about an event dictates both the burdens & the strengths we assign to our "self." I welcome you to that process of discovery and healing as we partner on the human journey together.
In 20 years of witnessing adults/children within the therapeutic relationship, I am in awe of the strength and resiliency individuals show in the face of truly traumatic events. Over the years, I have built a level of expertise in understanding the role that the transpersonal plays in the healing process. Being a Registered Play Therapist means that I have examined clinically how the story we tell ourselves about an event dictates both the burdens & the strengths we assign to our "self." I welcome you to that process of discovery and healing as we partner on the human journey together.
(802) 992-8196 View (802) 992-8196
Photo of Marc A Dutkiewicz, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Marc A Dutkiewicz
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Accepting New Patients When alcohol, drugs, anxiety, and depression are interfering with every day life, attempting to change them can be difficult. My goals to attempt to help you is develop a trusting relationship, and then identify symptoms and define the detrimental effects to your life. The last goal is begin to improve thoughts and behaviors so that you can remove or control substances as a form of medication. Then to improve anxiety and depression symptoms so that everyday life doesn't feel like such a struggle to get through. Individual counseling for IDRP license reinstatement. Please call me so we can chat.
Accepting New Patients When alcohol, drugs, anxiety, and depression are interfering with every day life, attempting to change them can be difficult. My goals to attempt to help you is develop a trusting relationship, and then identify symptoms and define the detrimental effects to your life. The last goal is begin to improve thoughts and behaviors so that you can remove or control substances as a form of medication. Then to improve anxiety and depression symptoms so that everyday life doesn't feel like such a struggle to get through. Individual counseling for IDRP license reinstatement. Please call me so we can chat.
(802) 526-6165 View (802) 526-6165
Photo of Ezra Maurer, MA, Psychologist
Ezra Maurer
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
In private practice since 2006, I continue to feel honored to get to know my clients. My hope with each person is that we will create a space together in which a unique healing relationship may unfold. To facilitate that space, I tend to focus on your feelings and how they are held in the body; on past experiences and how they relate to current feelings and relational patterns; on how relational patterns may be being repeated within the therapy; on the richness of your internal world (that emerges, for example, in dreams, daydreams, artwork, etc.); and on awareness itself, within which all of the above happens.
In private practice since 2006, I continue to feel honored to get to know my clients. My hope with each person is that we will create a space together in which a unique healing relationship may unfold. To facilitate that space, I tend to focus on your feelings and how they are held in the body; on past experiences and how they relate to current feelings and relational patterns; on how relational patterns may be being repeated within the therapy; on the richness of your internal world (that emerges, for example, in dreams, daydreams, artwork, etc.); and on awareness itself, within which all of the above happens.
(802) 282-4581 View (802) 282-4581
Photo of Jessica Johnson, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessica Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We don't heal in isolation, but in community - SK Harrell. As a therapist I believe in the power of community, in the vital need for support to grow beyond who we are in this moment into who we want to be. I acknowledge the strength it takes to seek and accept supports, and I am honored to walk with you in this journey.
We don't heal in isolation, but in community - SK Harrell. As a therapist I believe in the power of community, in the vital need for support to grow beyond who we are in this moment into who we want to be. I acknowledge the strength it takes to seek and accept supports, and I am honored to walk with you in this journey.
(802) 441-6715 View (802) 441-6715
Photo of Jerika Many, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jerika Many
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478
I am here as a support for clients to unload whatever may be going on in their lives. Throughout our therapeutic relationship, we will develop and work towards goals that will essentially lead to living a happier, healthier life, whatever that may look like to each individual client. Feeling comfortable, calm, relaxed and at ease throughout the therapeutic process is very important in session with me as your therapist. More often than not life can become overwhelming and complicated. We as children and adults may benefit from developing skills and implementing those or simply just emptying some of the load of our daily lives.
I am here as a support for clients to unload whatever may be going on in their lives. Throughout our therapeutic relationship, we will develop and work towards goals that will essentially lead to living a happier, healthier life, whatever that may look like to each individual client. Feeling comfortable, calm, relaxed and at ease throughout the therapeutic process is very important in session with me as your therapist. More often than not life can become overwhelming and complicated. We as children and adults may benefit from developing skills and implementing those or simply just emptying some of the load of our daily lives.
(802) 696-6892 View (802) 696-6892
Photo of Heather Leonard, MA, CMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Heather Leonard
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Loss and trauma come in all shapes and sizes. The death of a loved one, the loss of relationships, traumatic events, and various life changes (even ones that seem to be typical) can lead to feelings of intense sadness, confusion, anger, and anxiety. They can impact our day-to-day functioning, our relationships with others, our jobs, our sleep, and our overall wellbeing. Too often, problems we could manage or avoid in the past become barriers to living quality lives, and we're left feeling hopeless and alone.
Loss and trauma come in all shapes and sizes. The death of a loved one, the loss of relationships, traumatic events, and various life changes (even ones that seem to be typical) can lead to feelings of intense sadness, confusion, anger, and anxiety. They can impact our day-to-day functioning, our relationships with others, our jobs, our sleep, and our overall wellbeing. Too often, problems we could manage or avoid in the past become barriers to living quality lives, and we're left feeling hopeless and alone.
(802) 454-3526 View (802) 454-3526
Photo of Wendy Lee Stous - Wendy Stous M.S. LLC, MA, BA, Assoc
Wendy Stous M.S. LLC
Unlicensed Psychotherapist, MA, BA, Assoc
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Covid-19 support and protocol ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS: WEEKEND, EVENING, DAY & ONLINE APPOINTMENTS. Monday, Wednesday,Thursday, Friday and Sundays. Hours 10am to 5p If you have challenges in your life that you need help resolving, contact me for a free phone consultation. You will discover that when I work with you, you are not just a client, you are an individual. Together, we would develop a plan to improve your life in a manner that is right for you. My specializations include grief & loss, anxiety, effective communication for couples and more. If you are ready to make meaningful changes in your life, contact me. I am here to help.
Covid-19 support and protocol ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS: WEEKEND, EVENING, DAY & ONLINE APPOINTMENTS. Monday, Wednesday,Thursday, Friday and Sundays. Hours 10am to 5p If you have challenges in your life that you need help resolving, contact me for a free phone consultation. You will discover that when I work with you, you are not just a client, you are an individual. Together, we would develop a plan to improve your life in a manner that is right for you. My specializations include grief & loss, anxiety, effective communication for couples and more. If you are ready to make meaningful changes in your life, contact me. I am here to help.
(802) 520-2664 View (802) 520-2664
Photo of Morgan E Williams, MA, Clinica, Psych, Psychologist
Morgan E Williams
Psychologist, MA, Clinica, Psych
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
No Current Availability Welcome! My approach to working with adolescents and adults centers around compassionate interactions to empower individuals to move and grow beyond their current situations. I believe that it is important for everyone to feel responded to and heard. Through the continued development of a strong sense of self, I believe that people possess the skills needed to change their situations. I look forward to sharing my therapeutic philosophy and guiding you to achieve your greatest potential.
No Current Availability Welcome! My approach to working with adolescents and adults centers around compassionate interactions to empower individuals to move and grow beyond their current situations. I believe that it is important for everyone to feel responded to and heard. Through the continued development of a strong sense of self, I believe that people possess the skills needed to change their situations. I look forward to sharing my therapeutic philosophy and guiding you to achieve your greatest potential.
(802) 499-2968 View (802) 499-2968
Photo of Erin Aliquo Bright Spot Therapy, MS, AAP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Erin Aliquo Bright Spot Therapy
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, AAP
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Therapy with me is collaborative- we will work together to accomplish your goals. I pride myself on creating a comfortable, approachable and space for you to process life's challenges. Your time with me is your one hour out of your busy week to slow down, tune everything else out, and focus on your growth. I'll guide you along the way, following a person-centered and strengths-based approach. I combine evidence-based practices with an energetic, inviting and fun dynamic to support you through your journey. Therapy shouldn't be boring, intimidating, awkward or uptight. With me, therapy will be the bright spot of your week!
Therapy with me is collaborative- we will work together to accomplish your goals. I pride myself on creating a comfortable, approachable and space for you to process life's challenges. Your time with me is your one hour out of your busy week to slow down, tune everything else out, and focus on your growth. I'll guide you along the way, following a person-centered and strengths-based approach. I combine evidence-based practices with an energetic, inviting and fun dynamic to support you through your journey. Therapy shouldn't be boring, intimidating, awkward or uptight. With me, therapy will be the bright spot of your week!
(802) 449-0154 View (802) 449-0154
Photo of Gillian J Ireland, MS, LCMHC, Counselor
Gillian J Ireland
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
My motto is: "LIFE IS AN ADVENTURE". I have worked in the Mental Health field across many settings and with all age groups. As the years pass and my experience deepens, I find that my approach is leaning more and more towards Positive Psychology. While I am skilled and knowledgeable about how to help solve problems, work through issues and reduce symptoms, I also feel that it is my job to help people to access the strengths and assets that they already have or can develop to help them towards healing. I am currently certified as an EMDR Practicioner.
My motto is: "LIFE IS AN ADVENTURE". I have worked in the Mental Health field across many settings and with all age groups. As the years pass and my experience deepens, I find that my approach is leaning more and more towards Positive Psychology. While I am skilled and knowledgeable about how to help solve problems, work through issues and reduce symptoms, I also feel that it is my job to help people to access the strengths and assets that they already have or can develop to help them towards healing. I am currently certified as an EMDR Practicioner.
(802) 327-0087 View (802) 327-0087
Photo of Dr. Shelley A Jackson, PhD, LCMHC-S, LPC-TX, LPC-CT, RPT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Shelley A Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LCMHC-S, LPC-TX, LPC-CT, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am Shelley Jackson and am looking forward to meeting you. I have over 20 years counseling experience working with children and adults. I believe in the inherent good in all people and want to help you live a life worth living. I treat my clients, whether adults or children, with deep respect and offer you a safe place in which to process your problems. I offer you my unconditional positive regard and genuineness as a person. I believe our relationship is the most important part of counseling and to that end I bring 100% of myself into our sessions.
Welcome! I am Shelley Jackson and am looking forward to meeting you. I have over 20 years counseling experience working with children and adults. I believe in the inherent good in all people and want to help you live a life worth living. I treat my clients, whether adults or children, with deep respect and offer you a safe place in which to process your problems. I offer you my unconditional positive regard and genuineness as a person. I believe our relationship is the most important part of counseling and to that end I bring 100% of myself into our sessions.
(802) 597-2341 View (802) 597-2341
Photo of Dean Woodhouse-Weil, MA
Dean Woodhouse-Weil
MA
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Clients of mine often find themselves seeking increased independence and responsibility as they move toward adulthood. During this transition, my role is to offer tools, help identify strengths and challenges, and meet you where you are as you grow and develop. I’m here to support you as you navigate family, school and social life.
Clients of mine often find themselves seeking increased independence and responsibility as they move toward adulthood. During this transition, my role is to offer tools, help identify strengths and challenges, and meet you where you are as you grow and develop. I’m here to support you as you navigate family, school and social life.
(802) 723-2412 View (802) 723-2412
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 05478

60+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 05478 who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Self Esteem
78% Trauma and PTSD
75% Coping Skills
73% Relationship Issues
73% Grief

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% Medicaid
79% MVP Health Care

How Therapists in 05478 see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 05478?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.