Photo of Sara Orozco, PhD, Psychologist
Sara Orozco
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
My style is interactive, compassionate, and supportive. I work hard to make sure my clients have the opportunity to reach their full potential in all aspects of their lives. Throughout my career, it has been my goal to have a positive and lasting impact on my clients. A crucial component of our work depends on our ability to develop a partnership that is built on mutual respect and commitment and hard work. I am committed to helping you build and maintain healthy relationships. Let's get started! I look forward to meeting you.
My style is interactive, compassionate, and supportive. I work hard to make sure my clients have the opportunity to reach their full potential in all aspects of their lives. Throughout my career, it has been my goal to have a positive and lasting impact on my clients. A crucial component of our work depends on our ability to develop a partnership that is built on mutual respect and commitment and hard work. I am committed to helping you build and maintain healthy relationships. Let's get started! I look forward to meeting you.
(781) 534-9967 View (781) 534-9967
Photo of Cailin Ryrie, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cailin Ryrie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Cailin and I am so glad you’re here. As an experienced clinical social worker, I have worked for the past decade to help adolescents and young adults ages 14-26 in various settings. This time in one’s life is filled with transition, identity development, and emerging independence, and these changes can create anxiety, worry, changing moods, and lack of self-esteem in many. In addition to the normative developmental changes, young people today face a myriad of new and ever-evolving challenges in the age of social media, societal unrest+ uncertainty, and significant pressure to experience success.
Hello! My name is Cailin and I am so glad you’re here. As an experienced clinical social worker, I have worked for the past decade to help adolescents and young adults ages 14-26 in various settings. This time in one’s life is filled with transition, identity development, and emerging independence, and these changes can create anxiety, worry, changing moods, and lack of self-esteem in many. In addition to the normative developmental changes, young people today face a myriad of new and ever-evolving challenges in the age of social media, societal unrest+ uncertainty, and significant pressure to experience success.
(781) 725-2585 View (781) 725-2585
Photo of Carmine DiChiara, PsyD, Psychologist
Carmine DiChiara
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
Many people find me because something they are doing has become larger than they want it to be and is no longer working. It could be technology use (my special interest), substance use, pornography, working, or gambling, among many other things. Often these behaviors show up when people are experiencing stress, interpersonal conflict, insomnia, sadness, anxiety, existential crises, self-doubt, self-criticism, or the pain of high self-expectations, and so our work focuses upon these topics as well. I work with teenagers and adults in individual therapy, including some joint family or couple sessions as needed to support loved ones.
Many people find me because something they are doing has become larger than they want it to be and is no longer working. It could be technology use (my special interest), substance use, pornography, working, or gambling, among many other things. Often these behaviors show up when people are experiencing stress, interpersonal conflict, insomnia, sadness, anxiety, existential crises, self-doubt, self-criticism, or the pain of high self-expectations, and so our work focuses upon these topics as well. I work with teenagers and adults in individual therapy, including some joint family or couple sessions as needed to support loved ones.
(781) 230-6630 View (781) 230-6630
Photo of Jolene F Ross - Advanced Neurotherapy, PC, PhD, Psychologist
Advanced Neurotherapy, PC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
ADD/ADHD, Anxiety, Behavior Disorders, Challenges and Illnesses of Aging, Chronic Illness, Depression, Disability, Emotional Control, Executive Functions, Fatigue, Gender and Sexual Identity, Learning Disabilities, LGBTQ, Lyme Disease, OCD, ODD, Performance Enhancement, PTSD, Sleep Disorders, Stress, Trauma
ADD/ADHD, Anxiety, Behavior Disorders, Challenges and Illnesses of Aging, Chronic Illness, Depression, Disability, Emotional Control, Executive Functions, Fatigue, Gender and Sexual Identity, Learning Disabilities, LGBTQ, Lyme Disease, OCD, ODD, Performance Enhancement, PTSD, Sleep Disorders, Stress, Trauma
(781) 519-2458 View (781) 519-2458
Photo of Helene Jay Goldberg, LMHC, Counselor
Helene Jay Goldberg
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
I am all set up to do video counseling sessions for new and on-going mental health sessions. Please call me for more information to set up your video counseling free interview. I believe most people face times in their lives when they need to seek help from a professional psychotherapist. Many people do not act on that need because of fear and shame. I believe the healthier you are the more likely you will feel it makes sense to collaborate with a mental health specialist.
I am all set up to do video counseling sessions for new and on-going mental health sessions. Please call me for more information to set up your video counseling free interview. I believe most people face times in their lives when they need to seek help from a professional psychotherapist. Many people do not act on that need because of fear and shame. I believe the healthier you are the more likely you will feel it makes sense to collaborate with a mental health specialist.
(781) 214-7740 View (781) 214-7740
Photo of Heather MacPherson, PhD, Psychologist
Heather MacPherson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of mood, depression, anxiety, stress, and adjustment issues in children, adolescents, and young adults. I am trained in a variety of evidence-based approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In my practice, I deliver these interventions within the context of a supportive, validating, and collaborative therapeutic relationship, individualized to each client’s needs, preferences, and treatment goals.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of mood, depression, anxiety, stress, and adjustment issues in children, adolescents, and young adults. I am trained in a variety of evidence-based approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In my practice, I deliver these interventions within the context of a supportive, validating, and collaborative therapeutic relationship, individualized to each client’s needs, preferences, and treatment goals.
(508) 290-8845 View (508) 290-8845
Photo of Alexis D Kovacs - Pediatric Psychological Services, PsyD, Psychologist
Pediatric Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
I am a developmental neuropsychologist who specializes in diagnostic evaluations and therapy with infants, toddlers, preschool and school aged children (ages 0-10). I believe that a thorough neuropsychological evaluation leads to proper intervention which can help a child overcome a wide range of developmental, behavioral, and learning problems. I will walk you hand in hand through the evaluation and treatment process and follow your child over time to ensure that he/she makes progress and doesn't "fall through the cracks." I will develop a treatment plan for your child and help parents, providers, and teachers put services into place and recommendations into action.
I am a developmental neuropsychologist who specializes in diagnostic evaluations and therapy with infants, toddlers, preschool and school aged children (ages 0-10). I believe that a thorough neuropsychological evaluation leads to proper intervention which can help a child overcome a wide range of developmental, behavioral, and learning problems. I will walk you hand in hand through the evaluation and treatment process and follow your child over time to ensure that he/she makes progress and doesn't "fall through the cracks." I will develop a treatment plan for your child and help parents, providers, and teachers put services into place and recommendations into action.
(781) 476-5445 View (781) 476-5445
Photo of Jennifer Pugh, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Pugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
New Openings for Individuals & Couples (out-of-network) - Do you feel stuck in behaviors or routines that no longer serve you? Is your mindset preventing you from leading the life you wish to lead? Do you catch yourself comparing your life to those around you? I have the expertise to help you navigate life transitions, build your self-esteem, cope with depression and anxiety, and resolve any recurring patterns of conflict with your significant other. Learn more at jppsych.com or participate in a telephone consultation today and begin a treatment that will help you build the skills and insights you need to achieve your goals.
New Openings for Individuals & Couples (out-of-network) - Do you feel stuck in behaviors or routines that no longer serve you? Is your mindset preventing you from leading the life you wish to lead? Do you catch yourself comparing your life to those around you? I have the expertise to help you navigate life transitions, build your self-esteem, cope with depression and anxiety, and resolve any recurring patterns of conflict with your significant other. Learn more at jppsych.com or participate in a telephone consultation today and begin a treatment that will help you build the skills and insights you need to achieve your goals.
(781) 676-3199 View (781) 676-3199
Photo of Jessica Stahl, PhD, LP, HSP, Psychologist
Jessica Stahl
Psychologist, PhD, LP, HSP
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
My practice is currently focused primarily on adults (18+) who are identifying initial career interests or navigating a career transition. I offer a time-limited telehealth workshop focused on helping participants figure out the answer to "what's next?". In addition, I take a limited number of adult clients for individual telehealth psychotherapy and/or career counseling. I have particular interest & experience in providing psychotherapy to therapists/therapists-in-training and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
My practice is currently focused primarily on adults (18+) who are identifying initial career interests or navigating a career transition. I offer a time-limited telehealth workshop focused on helping participants figure out the answer to "what's next?". In addition, I take a limited number of adult clients for individual telehealth psychotherapy and/or career counseling. I have particular interest & experience in providing psychotherapy to therapists/therapists-in-training and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
(781) 517-9696 View (781) 517-9696
Photo of George Masselam, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
George Masselam
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
I am trauma-informed and specialize in helping individuals identify what is holding them back (oftentimes addiction, fear, depression and/or anxiety). I am an empathetic individual who has been working closely with people for the last 30 years, mostly in the field of addiction and recovery.
I am trauma-informed and specialize in helping individuals identify what is holding them back (oftentimes addiction, fear, depression and/or anxiety). I am an empathetic individual who has been working closely with people for the last 30 years, mostly in the field of addiction and recovery.
(339) 329-1009 View (339) 329-1009
Photo of Patricia Jean Buttner, LMHC, Counselor
Patricia Jean Buttner
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
As an AASECT certified Sex Therapist, my practice is devoted to helping individuals and couples develop more loving and passionate relationships with themselves and others...treating and healing sexual anxiety and vulnerabilities, sexual abuse, sexual addiction and increasing self confidence and intimacy. First and foremost is creating a safe environment ..in which clients feel comfortable discussing their personal lives. This helps in sharing their innermost feelings and insecurities (we all have them). and helping to realize their inner goodness. When these ingredients are present, learning, growth change can occur.
As an AASECT certified Sex Therapist, my practice is devoted to helping individuals and couples develop more loving and passionate relationships with themselves and others...treating and healing sexual anxiety and vulnerabilities, sexual abuse, sexual addiction and increasing self confidence and intimacy. First and foremost is creating a safe environment ..in which clients feel comfortable discussing their personal lives. This helps in sharing their innermost feelings and insecurities (we all have them). and helping to realize their inner goodness. When these ingredients are present, learning, growth change can occur.
(781) 653-5797 View (781) 653-5797
Photo of Debra N. Olshever, MEd, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Debra N. Olshever
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
I work with people who want to improve themselves, their relationships and their self image. These are people seeking a sounding board, a safe confidential place to talk, and extensive knowledge and experience dealing with their issues. My work focuses on where the client is now, and where they want to go, with no pre-conceived notions. We look at past experiences together and how they impact the present. For parents, I offer coaching and suggestions for managing challenging behaviors, and understanding the impact of early childhood trauma of behavior. With younger children, I encourage learning about expression of feelings.
I work with people who want to improve themselves, their relationships and their self image. These are people seeking a sounding board, a safe confidential place to talk, and extensive knowledge and experience dealing with their issues. My work focuses on where the client is now, and where they want to go, with no pre-conceived notions. We look at past experiences together and how they impact the present. For parents, I offer coaching and suggestions for managing challenging behaviors, and understanding the impact of early childhood trauma of behavior. With younger children, I encourage learning about expression of feelings.
(508) 348-7205 View (508) 348-7205
Photo of Bruna Moraes Leite, LMHC, Counselor
Bruna Moraes Leite
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
Hello, I am happy you are here. First of all I want to recognize that you are already took the first step towards your well being. My name is Bruna and I have many years of experience working and collaborating with individuals, families, children, and adolescents with a variety of life stressors, diagnosis and with a culturally diverse background. I am driven to help others to find ways to cope with feelings and emotions that impact tremendously their daily life. A crucial component of our work depends on our ability to develop a partnership that is built on mutual respect and commitment and hard work.
Hello, I am happy you are here. First of all I want to recognize that you are already took the first step towards your well being. My name is Bruna and I have many years of experience working and collaborating with individuals, families, children, and adolescents with a variety of life stressors, diagnosis and with a culturally diverse background. I am driven to help others to find ways to cope with feelings and emotions that impact tremendously their daily life. A crucial component of our work depends on our ability to develop a partnership that is built on mutual respect and commitment and hard work.
(617) 651-1672 View (617) 651-1672
Photo of Sarah Choffnes, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Choffnes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
I specialize in providing therapy to emerging adults and beyond (age 17+) on relational issues, depression, anxiety, and disordered eating. My clients are looking to turn the volume down on the noise of anxiety, repair their fractured relationship with food, and/or improve self-esteem and self-trust.
I specialize in providing therapy to emerging adults and beyond (age 17+) on relational issues, depression, anxiety, and disordered eating. My clients are looking to turn the volume down on the noise of anxiety, repair their fractured relationship with food, and/or improve self-esteem and self-trust.
(781) 242-2101 View (781) 242-2101
Photo of Alexa Kaczmarski, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexa Kaczmarski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
Alexa Kaczmarski is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2022. She has an MSW from Widener University Center for Social Work Education, and an MEd from Widener University Center for Human Sexuality Studies. Alexa believes that her clients are the experts in their own lives and that her role is to listen, affirm, and make observations rather than assumptions. She is influenced by attachment theory, narrative theory, and relational theories, and strives to provide a safe, compassionate, and warm environment where her clients can explore and express their whole selves.
Alexa Kaczmarski is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2022. She has an MSW from Widener University Center for Social Work Education, and an MEd from Widener University Center for Human Sexuality Studies. Alexa believes that her clients are the experts in their own lives and that her role is to listen, affirm, and make observations rather than assumptions. She is influenced by attachment theory, narrative theory, and relational theories, and strives to provide a safe, compassionate, and warm environment where her clients can explore and express their whole selves.
(781) 527-4558 View (781) 527-4558
Photo of Jeanne Schwalbach, MA, LMFT, LMHC, Counselor
Jeanne Schwalbach
Counselor, MA, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
I welcome the opportunity to work with individuals who want to enhance their personal strengths, improve their self care practices and sense of well being, and more effectively meet life's on-going challenges. I begin by helping my clients identify their desired outcomes, strengths, interests, successes and resources. This then serves as the foundation for the therapeutic work. My relationship based therapeutic approach includes expertise is solution focused, strength based and psycho-dynamic insight-oriented therapy. I have a particular interest in self care practices, loss and grief work and issues related to life transitions.
I welcome the opportunity to work with individuals who want to enhance their personal strengths, improve their self care practices and sense of well being, and more effectively meet life's on-going challenges. I begin by helping my clients identify their desired outcomes, strengths, interests, successes and resources. This then serves as the foundation for the therapeutic work. My relationship based therapeutic approach includes expertise is solution focused, strength based and psycho-dynamic insight-oriented therapy. I have a particular interest in self care practices, loss and grief work and issues related to life transitions.
(781) 651-2933 View (781) 651-2933
Photo of Eric Zhou, PhD, Psychologist
Eric Zhou
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
Are you struggling from sleepless nights and feel like you have "tried everything"? If you are tired of feeling tired and want to improve your sleep, I can help. Imagine what it would feel like to wake up in the morning and feel rested, refreshed, and ready to take on your day. This is possible without the use of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Even if you have trouble shutting your mind off at night, or are coping with anxiety or depression, we can work together to significantly improve your sleep at night. With better sleep comes the strength to tackle your biggest challenges.
Are you struggling from sleepless nights and feel like you have "tried everything"? If you are tired of feeling tired and want to improve your sleep, I can help. Imagine what it would feel like to wake up in the morning and feel rested, refreshed, and ready to take on your day. This is possible without the use of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Even if you have trouble shutting your mind off at night, or are coping with anxiety or depression, we can work together to significantly improve your sleep at night. With better sleep comes the strength to tackle your biggest challenges.
(617) 651-0851 View (617) 651-0851
Photo of Nellie Broderick, LICSW, SAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nellie Broderick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
I commend you for engaging in the timely, sometimes daunting, and perhaps exciting process of seeking out therapy, for yourself or for a loved one. A trusting therapeutic relationship is essential. I will work to establish a safe, supportive environment for you to share, process and discuss your innermost thoughts and emotions. I currently work full-time at a public high school as an adjustment counselor. I previously worked as a clinical social worker at a domestic adoption agency and a partial hospitalization/intensive outpatient program.
I commend you for engaging in the timely, sometimes daunting, and perhaps exciting process of seeking out therapy, for yourself or for a loved one. A trusting therapeutic relationship is essential. I will work to establish a safe, supportive environment for you to share, process and discuss your innermost thoughts and emotions. I currently work full-time at a public high school as an adjustment counselor. I previously worked as a clinical social worker at a domestic adoption agency and a partial hospitalization/intensive outpatient program.
(617) 404-2438 View (617) 404-2438
Photo of Tal Katz, Psychologist
Tal Katz
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
I am a licensed psychologist with training and experience providing psychotherapy primarily to adult clients. My philosophy is that the change you are seeking is possible, and through education, collaboration, and thoughtful treatment goals everyone is capable of finding that change. When meeting with me, you can expect to experience a supportive and collaborative relationship that emphasizes respect for your autonomy, acceptance, and compassion as we develop goals for change.
I am a licensed psychologist with training and experience providing psychotherapy primarily to adult clients. My philosophy is that the change you are seeking is possible, and through education, collaboration, and thoughtful treatment goals everyone is capable of finding that change. When meeting with me, you can expect to experience a supportive and collaborative relationship that emphasizes respect for your autonomy, acceptance, and compassion as we develop goals for change.
(781) 476-7580 View (781) 476-7580
Photo of Amanda Sabol, LMHC, Counselor
Amanda Sabol
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494
Currently accepting new clients. - In my practice, I work with colleges students, adults and couples seeking support in their relationships, family dynamics, life transitions, anxiety, parenting and everyday stressors. I believe therapy is a place to learn more about ourselves to find a sense of balance and improve our quality of life. I provide a safe and compassionate space for self reflection and support clients with identifying their own strengths, hidden child wounds, boundaries and self care strategies for overall growth and wellbeing.
Currently accepting new clients. - In my practice, I work with colleges students, adults and couples seeking support in their relationships, family dynamics, life transitions, anxiety, parenting and everyday stressors. I believe therapy is a place to learn more about ourselves to find a sense of balance and improve our quality of life. I provide a safe and compassionate space for self reflection and support clients with identifying their own strengths, hidden child wounds, boundaries and self care strategies for overall growth and wellbeing.
(857) 342-9911 View (857) 342-9911

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 02494

60+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 02494 who prioritize treating:

87% Anxiety
81% Depression
71% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
67% Stress
60% Coping Skills
56% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Harvard Pilgrim
47% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 02494 see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 02494?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.