Photo of Susan J Lee, PsyD, Psychologist
Susan J Lee
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My therapeutic approach may look different depending on what is going on with the person and what his or her needs are, but I generally use an insight-oriented and cognitive approach. I help people figure things out, understand themselves better, sort out their thoughts and feelings, and gain perspective on themselves so that they are able to make effective choices in their lives and work towards greater emotional well-being. People generally describe me as having a calming presence and creating a safe environment for them.
My therapeutic approach may look different depending on what is going on with the person and what his or her needs are, but I generally use an insight-oriented and cognitive approach. I help people figure things out, understand themselves better, sort out their thoughts and feelings, and gain perspective on themselves so that they are able to make effective choices in their lives and work towards greater emotional well-being. People generally describe me as having a calming presence and creating a safe environment for them.
(781) 696-9940 View (781) 696-9940
Photo of Paulomi Davé-Potter, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paulomi Davé-Potter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about helping foreign-born professionals, first generation Americans, young adults, and women learn how to manage the stresses of daily life. Whether it's ongoing depression, anxiety, parenting struggles, health issues, job-related stress, addiction, or difficult behaviors in children and adolescents; I believe you can overcome these challenges and live a full and rewarding life. I approach your problems with curiosity and kindness as I believe you are the expert on your own experience. I will work with you to help guide you, learn new tools, and make positive choices that fit for you, your family, and your life.
I am passionate about helping foreign-born professionals, first generation Americans, young adults, and women learn how to manage the stresses of daily life. Whether it's ongoing depression, anxiety, parenting struggles, health issues, job-related stress, addiction, or difficult behaviors in children and adolescents; I believe you can overcome these challenges and live a full and rewarding life. I approach your problems with curiosity and kindness as I believe you are the expert on your own experience. I will work with you to help guide you, learn new tools, and make positive choices that fit for you, your family, and your life.
(339) 674-6028 View (339) 674-6028
Photo of Karin Maria Hodges - Karin Maria Hodges, Psy.D. PLLC, PsyD, HSP, Psychologist
Karin Maria Hodges, Psy.D. PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173
I am a Licensed Psychologist and Health Service Provider (Massachusetts Lic. 9724). I invest a great deal of time with young patients and their families up front, which allows for well-informed, high quality interventions.
I am a Licensed Psychologist and Health Service Provider (Massachusetts Lic. 9724). I invest a great deal of time with young patients and their families up front, which allows for well-informed, high quality interventions.
(978) 290-4342 View (978) 290-4342
Photo of Carla M Correa, LICSW, SAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carla M Correa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
Offering Consultation to School Systems as well as Supervision for SW's towards licensing. Couples and Relationship Coaching via EFT- recognizing negative patterns and cycles that keep you stuck for repair and to set the stage for a new narrative. Adults/Teens struggling with Depression/ Anxiety support via DBT/CBT. Strength Based approach for skill building and empowerment of self regulation of mood/temperament/stress/coping; improve positive communication and learn skills to get unstuck, move forward and feel happier. Offering Lean In support Circles for Adults/Teens struggling with Anxiety/Parenting/Stress via Zoom.You matter.
Offering Consultation to School Systems as well as Supervision for SW's towards licensing. Couples and Relationship Coaching via EFT- recognizing negative patterns and cycles that keep you stuck for repair and to set the stage for a new narrative. Adults/Teens struggling with Depression/ Anxiety support via DBT/CBT. Strength Based approach for skill building and empowerment of self regulation of mood/temperament/stress/coping; improve positive communication and learn skills to get unstuck, move forward and feel happier. Offering Lean In support Circles for Adults/Teens struggling with Anxiety/Parenting/Stress via Zoom.You matter.
(978) 319-4772 View (978) 319-4772
Photo of Catherine Lee Christie, LMHC, Counselor
Catherine Lee Christie
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
(617) 762-5352 View (617) 762-5352
Photo of Andrew J. Lapin, MS, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Andrew J. Lapin
Counselor, MS, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
Fully Virtual Practice: American stoicism expects us to “be strong” and “self- sufficient” pushing that pain deep inside. At one point or another, we are all the victims of problematic thinking and struggle to maintain balance in life. You don’t need a mental illness or diagnosis to benefit from counseling. If you’re tired of being stuck, let’s change that.
Fully Virtual Practice: American stoicism expects us to “be strong” and “self- sufficient” pushing that pain deep inside. At one point or another, we are all the victims of problematic thinking and struggle to maintain balance in life. You don’t need a mental illness or diagnosis to benefit from counseling. If you’re tired of being stuck, let’s change that.
(508) 501-9569 View (508) 501-9569
Photo of Jennifer Knapp-Hernandez, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Knapp-Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
I currently have a waitlist. Managing the ups and downs of everyday life can be challenging. You may be dealing with relationship challenges, work stress, parenting issues, grief or anxiety. You deserve a compassionate therapist -someone to make you feel safe, secure, and connected while you work to meet your therapeutic goals. I work with individuals to gain tools, set goals and process feelings in order to help you lead a happier and healthier life.
I currently have a waitlist. Managing the ups and downs of everyday life can be challenging. You may be dealing with relationship challenges, work stress, parenting issues, grief or anxiety. You deserve a compassionate therapist -someone to make you feel safe, secure, and connected while you work to meet your therapeutic goals. I work with individuals to gain tools, set goals and process feelings in order to help you lead a happier and healthier life.
(978) 736-2283 View (978) 736-2283
Photo of Amos Worth, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amos Worth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173
My clients come to me with a broad range of goals. Often they have concerns about relationships, meaning, or their place in the world, and these can be reflected in feelings of anxiety or sadness. Sometimes my clients come with a feeling that something in their life is not quite right, but lack clarity as to what that is, or what they really want.
My clients come to me with a broad range of goals. Often they have concerns about relationships, meaning, or their place in the world, and these can be reflected in feelings of anxiety or sadness. Sometimes my clients come with a feeling that something in their life is not quite right, but lack clarity as to what that is, or what they really want.
(339) 201-9686 View (339) 201-9686
Photo of David Polidi, LICSW, MEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Polidi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
Since 2000, I have been working with people who struggle with anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. More recently, I have helping people manage traumas. Do you feel like you would like to do more with your life? Are you held back by overwhelming thoughts, and large emotions (or no emotions at all)? If so, I believe I can be helpful. I have experience helping people increase their hope, and belief in themselves. I enjoy working with couples also, and helping them feel heard, understood and appreciated. If we are a good match, I would be happy to work with you!
Since 2000, I have been working with people who struggle with anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. More recently, I have helping people manage traumas. Do you feel like you would like to do more with your life? Are you held back by overwhelming thoughts, and large emotions (or no emotions at all)? If so, I believe I can be helpful. I have experience helping people increase their hope, and belief in themselves. I enjoy working with couples also, and helping them feel heard, understood and appreciated. If we are a good match, I would be happy to work with you!
(508) 635-5688 View (508) 635-5688
Photo of Meg Savin, LMHC, Counselor
Meg Savin
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173
In-person (Arlington) or telehealth sessions available! You may be experiencing challenges moving in a desired direction in your life or perhaps noticing patterns in your current behavior or relationships that you would like to change. I feel fortunate to work in a field where I witness healing change every day, and it is a privilege to hear your unique story. With experience working in a number of diverse settings including community mental health, offering group therapy, working with college counseling centers, as well as on a rape crisis hotline, I bring an active and warm approach to therapy.
In-person (Arlington) or telehealth sessions available! You may be experiencing challenges moving in a desired direction in your life or perhaps noticing patterns in your current behavior or relationships that you would like to change. I feel fortunate to work in a field where I witness healing change every day, and it is a privilege to hear your unique story. With experience working in a number of diverse settings including community mental health, offering group therapy, working with college counseling centers, as well as on a rape crisis hotline, I bring an active and warm approach to therapy.
(339) 209-2663 View (339) 209-2663
Photo of Serap Kantarci Clinical Hypnotherapist, LMHC, Board, Certifi, Clinica, Supervi, Counselor
Serap Kantarci Clinical Hypnotherapist
Counselor, LMHC, Board, Certifi, Clinica, Supervi
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173
I am a LMHC who is providing individual & family counseling both online & in person and treating ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Relationship and Self Esteem difficulties, I am here to Support you!. I gained extensive clinical and teaching experiences while helping multicultural families and international college/grad students in the area. While motivating you to gain new tools and skill-sets you need to thrive, I create a collaborative, compassionate and non-judgmental environment where you are empowered and also challenged to increase your self awareness to create positive changes in your lives.
I am a LMHC who is providing individual & family counseling both online & in person and treating ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Relationship and Self Esteem difficulties, I am here to Support you!. I gained extensive clinical and teaching experiences while helping multicultural families and international college/grad students in the area. While motivating you to gain new tools and skill-sets you need to thrive, I create a collaborative, compassionate and non-judgmental environment where you are empowered and also challenged to increase your self awareness to create positive changes in your lives.
(617) 855-6562 View (617) 855-6562
Photo of Molly Hoopes, LMHC, Counselor
Molly Hoopes
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173
Waitlist for new clients
It takes courage and commitment to begin the therapy process. My approach is to create a warm, validating, and safe place in which we can explore your life’s challenges. We will work together to find ways to help you manage difficulties, calm your system, understand your patterns, improve your communication and relationships, and make more conscious choices. I will meet you where you are, and we will work on figuring out where you want to go and how to get there. I enjoy working with those who are new to therapy or who are seeking a fresh approach.
It takes courage and commitment to begin the therapy process. My approach is to create a warm, validating, and safe place in which we can explore your life’s challenges. We will work together to find ways to help you manage difficulties, calm your system, understand your patterns, improve your communication and relationships, and make more conscious choices. I will meet you where you are, and we will work on figuring out where you want to go and how to get there. I enjoy working with those who are new to therapy or who are seeking a fresh approach.
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Photo of Carrie Buddington, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carrie Buddington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, substance use, relationship issues, and life changes, with special experience in those exiting a coercive control or high demand situation. Therapy can be a safe, supportive space where you can be authentic and gain insight into your experiences while defining your goals for your future life. Whether you have a specific issue you want to tackle, or need time to explore your inner life, my role is to support you in your journey.
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, substance use, relationship issues, and life changes, with special experience in those exiting a coercive control or high demand situation. Therapy can be a safe, supportive space where you can be authentic and gain insight into your experiences while defining your goals for your future life. Whether you have a specific issue you want to tackle, or need time to explore your inner life, my role is to support you in your journey.
(781) 755-3701 View (781) 755-3701
Photo of Dr. Richard Vandiver - Granite North Psychology, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Richard Vandiver - Granite North Psychology
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
There is a great deal of power in knowing yourself. My clients come from a variety of backgrounds and bring with them goals for our work together that are as unique as they are. Whether they are seeking help with mental health challenges or would simply like to improve their relationships, performance at work, my goal is to apply all that cognitive science has learned about how our minds work to create a customized pathway forward. By providing the tools to better understand themselves and to address their challenges, my clients are able to approach life with more confidence and with greater effectiveness.
There is a great deal of power in knowing yourself. My clients come from a variety of backgrounds and bring with them goals for our work together that are as unique as they are. Whether they are seeking help with mental health challenges or would simply like to improve their relationships, performance at work, my goal is to apply all that cognitive science has learned about how our minds work to create a customized pathway forward. By providing the tools to better understand themselves and to address their challenges, my clients are able to approach life with more confidence and with greater effectiveness.
(508) 658-2331 View (508) 658-2331
Photo of Rona Sandberg Trauma And Grief Therapy Parenting And Adoption, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rona Sandberg Trauma And Grief Therapy Parenting And Adoption
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173
Welcome! With over 25 years of experience working with people of all ages as a trauma and grief therapist, I have helped individuals and families learn to cope with a wide range of issues including partner loss, anxiety, depression, family conflict, complex trauma and sexual assault. I provide parent guidance and coaching for caregivers who have children with challenging behaviors and special needs. I have expertise with foster, kinship and adoptive families. I offer therapy to tweens, teens and young adults who may need support with life transitions and relationships. My work with clients is always collaborative and strength-based.
Welcome! With over 25 years of experience working with people of all ages as a trauma and grief therapist, I have helped individuals and families learn to cope with a wide range of issues including partner loss, anxiety, depression, family conflict, complex trauma and sexual assault. I provide parent guidance and coaching for caregivers who have children with challenging behaviors and special needs. I have expertise with foster, kinship and adoptive families. I offer therapy to tweens, teens and young adults who may need support with life transitions and relationships. My work with clients is always collaborative and strength-based.
(339) 500-6997 View (339) 500-6997
Photo of Tom Culora, MHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tom Culora
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173
Navigating the complexities of career, family, and community can be daunting in today’s world. As a seasoned professional with diverse life experiences, I offer an open, empathic, and clinically-informed approach to strengthen my clients’ wellness as they adjust and cope with the stress and demands of everyday life. I believe that individuals are at their best when the live into their authentic selves and are self-reflective of their own humanity. Together we will work to understand the elements that may be causing you distress and preventing you from living your life to your full potential.
Navigating the complexities of career, family, and community can be daunting in today’s world. As a seasoned professional with diverse life experiences, I offer an open, empathic, and clinically-informed approach to strengthen my clients’ wellness as they adjust and cope with the stress and demands of everyday life. I believe that individuals are at their best when the live into their authentic selves and are self-reflective of their own humanity. Together we will work to understand the elements that may be causing you distress and preventing you from living your life to your full potential.
(781) 678-7332 View (781) 678-7332
Photo of Kristin Stiles-Hall, LICSW, EMP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristin Stiles-Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EMP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173
Most of us are in "survival mode," doing our best with daily stress in our life. What if you could move from the survival way of thinking – doing and reacting – to the creative way of thinking and feeling? It is possible. If we work together, I can help you gain practices and insights that strengthen your being, teaching you how to stay grounded as you navigate your life. I can assist you in noticing and connecting to your core self, building internal trust as you navigate daily stress.
Most of us are in "survival mode," doing our best with daily stress in our life. What if you could move from the survival way of thinking – doing and reacting – to the creative way of thinking and feeling? It is possible. If we work together, I can help you gain practices and insights that strengthen your being, teaching you how to stay grounded as you navigate your life. I can assist you in noticing and connecting to your core self, building internal trust as you navigate daily stress.
(978) 775-8762 View (978) 775-8762
Photo of Meridith Carlson, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meridith Carlson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173
Are you curious about the different parts of yourself? I can help you sort through your different feelings, reactions, and beliefs. I am highly skilled at supporting people in finding clarity about the parts of themselves that react to life circumstances both internally and externally. Also, I am available to help kids struggling with the challenges of distance learning and being separated from their peers. I approach our time together with compassion and a positive presence. My hope is that clients will feel comfortable and at ease.
Are you curious about the different parts of yourself? I can help you sort through your different feelings, reactions, and beliefs. I am highly skilled at supporting people in finding clarity about the parts of themselves that react to life circumstances both internally and externally. Also, I am available to help kids struggling with the challenges of distance learning and being separated from their peers. I approach our time together with compassion and a positive presence. My hope is that clients will feel comfortable and at ease.
(857) 227-9129 View (857) 227-9129
Photo of Jennifer Huber, LMHC, Counselor
Jennifer Huber
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Jen and I have a deep respect for all who seek support through counseling. It is my experience that no one lives their best life alone. Connection has the capacity to offer regulation and engender strength. In our work together I hope to create an environment that feels safe. I will strive to assist you in moving toward experiencing yourself as a trustworthy source of guidance. Many of us are wounded children walking around in adult bodies. When appropriate I place importance in discovering connections between early childhood trauma and life's current unease as as a means to heal these wounds.
Hello, my name is Jen and I have a deep respect for all who seek support through counseling. It is my experience that no one lives their best life alone. Connection has the capacity to offer regulation and engender strength. In our work together I hope to create an environment that feels safe. I will strive to assist you in moving toward experiencing yourself as a trustworthy source of guidance. Many of us are wounded children walking around in adult bodies. When appropriate I place importance in discovering connections between early childhood trauma and life's current unease as as a means to heal these wounds.
(339) 329-6782 View (339) 329-6782
Photo of Jolene Hadaway, LMHC, Counselor
Jolene Hadaway
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02173  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who recognizes the importance of their mental health and is motivated to actively engage in the therapeutic process. Someone who is committed to making positive changes in their life, and who sees therapy as a collaborative journey toward improved well-being. Over the course of my career, I have had the privilege of working with a diverse clientele, spanning adolescents, young adults, adults, and geriatric individuals. I strive to create a safe and empathetic space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. By tailoring interventions to the specific needs of each individual.
My ideal client is someone who recognizes the importance of their mental health and is motivated to actively engage in the therapeutic process. Someone who is committed to making positive changes in their life, and who sees therapy as a collaborative journey toward improved well-being. Over the course of my career, I have had the privilege of working with a diverse clientele, spanning adolescents, young adults, adults, and geriatric individuals. I strive to create a safe and empathetic space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. By tailoring interventions to the specific needs of each individual.
(781) 549-3651 View (781) 549-3651
1

See more therapy options for 02173

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 02173

30+

Average cost per session

$162

Therapists in 02173 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
91% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
71% Coping Skills
71% Life Transitions
68% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 02173 see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 02173?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.