Trauma and PTSD Psychiatrists in Sacramento, CA

Photo of Ifeoma Okwu - Embodied Wellness Psychiatry, MSN, FNP-C, PMHNP-C, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Embodied Wellness Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, FNP-C, PMHNP-C
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95834  (Online Only)
This includes depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorders and more.
Ifeoma Okwu is a dually board-certified family nurse practitioner and psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner who is licensed to practice in the state of Washington and California. She treats a wide range of acute and chronic conditions, and specializes in mental health, weight management, sexual dysfunction, and thyroid optimization.
This includes depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorders and more.
Ifeoma Okwu is a dually board-certified family nurse practitioner and psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner who is licensed to practice in the state of Washington and California. She treats a wide range of acute and chronic conditions, and specializes in mental health, weight management, sexual dysfunction, and thyroid optimization.
(916) 713-7773 View (916) 713-7773
Photo of Angelica Luciano, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Angelica Luciano
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95835  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Angelica Luciano. I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I was licensed in 2017. I use a bio-psycho-social framework. Understanding that psychiatric illnesses may have biological causes, the effects of certain medications, or genetic predisposition. I incorporate multiple modalities, including medication management, education, and brief supportive therapeutic interventions to treat you as a unique individual and not a textbook. I treat adults, typically between the ages of 18-60, for a broad range of psychiatric conditions, with a particular interest in anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, and PTSD.
Hello, my name is Angelica Luciano. I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I was licensed in 2017. I use a bio-psycho-social framework. Understanding that psychiatric illnesses may have biological causes, the effects of certain medications, or genetic predisposition. I incorporate multiple modalities, including medication management, education, and brief supportive therapeutic interventions to treat you as a unique individual and not a textbook. I treat adults, typically between the ages of 18-60, for a broad range of psychiatric conditions, with a particular interest in anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, and PTSD.
(424) 424-8911 View (424) 424-8911
Photo of Julia Reece, MD, Psychiatrist
Julia Reece
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
She understands that trauma and other toxic stress can impact the ability to access respectful and affirming psychiatric care and strives to create a safe space for all patients, including people from the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities.
Julia C. Reece is a Psychiatrist in California who has been practicing since 2013. She has a BS in Biochemistry from the University of Washington, an MD from the University of Washington School of Medicine, and completed her Psychiatry residency at UC Davis Medical Center Psychiatry Training Program. Julia takes an individualized, patient-centered approach to care. As a psychiatrist, she prescribes medications when needed, provides psychotherapy as her schedule allows, and always supports patients in improving their overall health and wellbeing.
She understands that trauma and other toxic stress can impact the ability to access respectful and affirming psychiatric care and strives to create a safe space for all patients, including people from the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities.
Julia C. Reece is a Psychiatrist in California who has been practicing since 2013. She has a BS in Biochemistry from the University of Washington, an MD from the University of Washington School of Medicine, and completed her Psychiatry residency at UC Davis Medical Center Psychiatry Training Program. Julia takes an individualized, patient-centered approach to care. As a psychiatrist, she prescribes medications when needed, provides psychotherapy as her schedule allows, and always supports patients in improving their overall health and wellbeing.
(916) 702-3647 View (916) 702-3647
Photo of Dr. Kelsey Salzberg - LifeStance Health, MD, Psychiatrist
LifeStance Health
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Our team of psychiatrists, therapists, psychologists, and advanced practice nurses specializes in treating in a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, addiction, trauma, PTSD, and more.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Our team of psychiatrists, therapists, psychologists, and advanced practice nurses specializes in treating in a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, addiction, trauma, PTSD, and more.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(844) 701-0498 View (844) 701-0498
Photo of Matt Stephens - Matthew Stephens, DO | Mindful Health Solutions, DO, Psychiatrist
Matthew Stephens, DO | Mindful Health Solutions
Psychiatrist, DO
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I specialize in treating LGBTQ+ Mental Health, as well as conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
If you are seeking a safe, affirming space to explore your mental health, particularly as part of the LGBT+ community, we may be a good fit. Together, we can address challenges like depression, anxiety, or trauma, and focus on finding the right treatment options that align with your unique needs. My ideal client is open to self-discovery, ready to engage in the process, and committed to personal growth. They seek support that not only addresses their symptoms but empowers them to live authentically and with mental clarity.
I specialize in treating LGBTQ+ Mental Health, as well as conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
If you are seeking a safe, affirming space to explore your mental health, particularly as part of the LGBT+ community, we may be a good fit. Together, we can address challenges like depression, anxiety, or trauma, and focus on finding the right treatment options that align with your unique needs. My ideal client is open to self-discovery, ready to engage in the process, and committed to personal growth. They seek support that not only addresses their symptoms but empowers them to live authentically and with mental clarity.
(916) 312-1365 View (916) 312-1365
Photo of Dr. Crystal Joyette Hopkins, DNP, PMHNP, FNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Dr. Crystal Joyette Hopkins
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95823  (Online Only)
She has an extensive history of treating substance use disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Every person is an individual. All clients deserve mental health care tailored to the individual that is seeking care. My goal for every client is to improve their mood and overall health by providing compassionate mental and medical health care.
She has an extensive history of treating substance use disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Every person is an individual. All clients deserve mental health care tailored to the individual that is seeking care. My goal for every client is to improve their mood and overall health by providing compassionate mental and medical health care.
(213) 286-2720 View (213) 286-2720
Photo of Datonye Charles - Datonye Charles, MD | Mindful Health Solutions, MD, Psychiatrist
Datonye Charles, MD | Mindful Health Solutions
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
If you are striving to live a more authentic life while managing mental health challenges like depression, anxiety, trauma, or OCD, we might be a good fit. Together, we can work toward understanding your unique experiences and creating a treatment plan that supports your well-being. My ideal client is open to self-reflection and committed to making positive changes in their life. They want to feel emotionally balanced, develop greater self-awareness, and achieve long-term mental wellness. Let's work toward these goals with compassion and care.
If you are striving to live a more authentic life while managing mental health challenges like depression, anxiety, trauma, or OCD, we might be a good fit. Together, we can work toward understanding your unique experiences and creating a treatment plan that supports your well-being. My ideal client is open to self-reflection and committed to making positive changes in their life. They want to feel emotionally balanced, develop greater self-awareness, and achieve long-term mental wellness. Let's work toward these goals with compassion and care.
(916) 694-0960 View (916) 694-0960
Photo of Kara Zertuche, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Kara Zertuche
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
I have experience and enjoy working with people with various abilities, those who are neurodiverse, folks with different experiences of trauma, and differing sexual orientations and gender identities.
I am a licensed and board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I have been practicing exclusively in mental health since 2021. am passionate about mental health, and I enjoy therapeutically helping patients with medication management. My approach centers around meeting people where they are and shared decision making. To me, this means I work together with patients as a team, and I provide up-to-date and evidence-based information to help guide the decision-making process. I have a non-judgmental, supportive, empathetic, and warm style.
I have experience and enjoy working with people with various abilities, those who are neurodiverse, folks with different experiences of trauma, and differing sexual orientations and gender identities.
I am a licensed and board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I have been practicing exclusively in mental health since 2021. am passionate about mental health, and I enjoy therapeutically helping patients with medication management. My approach centers around meeting people where they are and shared decision making. To me, this means I work together with patients as a team, and I provide up-to-date and evidence-based information to help guide the decision-making process. I have a non-judgmental, supportive, empathetic, and warm style.
(916) 694-0355 View (916) 694-0355
Photo of Kirsten Thompson - Remedy Psychiatry - Sacramento, MD, PMHNP, Psychiatrist
Remedy Psychiatry - Sacramento
Psychiatrist, MD, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95864  (Online Only)
We treat a wide range of mental health symptoms – anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, bipolar, insomnia and more.
Are you struggling, and talk therapy hasn't helped and wondering if prescription medication might help you? But, you don't want to wait weeks or months to get an appointment or pay alot? You are not alone, and that is why we started Remedy. With Remedy, you can get unlimited online psychiatry appointments at an affordable price. We treat a wide range of mental health symptoms with a broad set of medications so you can live your best life. We are now in-network and accept Aetna, Cigna, Optum and United Healthcare insurance plans or you may pay a low monthly fee for unlimited appointments.
We treat a wide range of mental health symptoms – anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, bipolar, insomnia and more.
Are you struggling, and talk therapy hasn't helped and wondering if prescription medication might help you? But, you don't want to wait weeks or months to get an appointment or pay alot? You are not alone, and that is why we started Remedy. With Remedy, you can get unlimited online psychiatry appointments at an affordable price. We treat a wide range of mental health symptoms with a broad set of medications so you can live your best life. We are now in-network and accept Aetna, Cigna, Optum and United Healthcare insurance plans or you may pay a low monthly fee for unlimited appointments.
(916) 249-7097 View (916) 249-7097
Photo of Mottsin Thomas, MD, Psychiatrist
Mottsin Thomas
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and OCD.
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and OCD.
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
(650) 686-5441 View (650) 686-5441
Photo of Isaac Kuffour, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Isaac Kuffour
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95835  (Online Only)
I specialize in treating complex mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and bipolar disorder.
My ideal client faces challenges like depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia, often compounded by trauma or substance abuse. They feel misunderstood and struggle with daily life. They need compassionate, trauma-informed care, personalized treatment, and support with coping skills and medication management. Their goals include regaining emotional stability, improving relationships, and rebuilding self-worth. They want to feel heard and empowered, seeking lasting recovery and a fulfilling, balanced life.
I specialize in treating complex mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and bipolar disorder.
My ideal client faces challenges like depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia, often compounded by trauma or substance abuse. They feel misunderstood and struggle with daily life. They need compassionate, trauma-informed care, personalized treatment, and support with coping skills and medication management. Their goals include regaining emotional stability, improving relationships, and rebuilding self-worth. They want to feel heard and empowered, seeking lasting recovery and a fulfilling, balanced life.
(323) 372-9796 View (323) 372-9796
Photo of Benedicta, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Benedicta Benedicta
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
I specialize in treating major depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety, trauma- PTSD, insomnia, and eating disorders.
I am a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with extensive experience in managing mental health challenges across the lifespan. My practice involves working with adolescents, adults, and seniors. I hold a bachelor's degree in nursing from the University of Phoenix and a Doctorate in Nursing Science with a specialization in psychiatric mental health from Brandman University in Irvine, California.
I specialize in treating major depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety, trauma- PTSD, insomnia, and eating disorders.
I am a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with extensive experience in managing mental health challenges across the lifespan. My practice involves working with adolescents, adults, and seniors. I hold a bachelor's degree in nursing from the University of Phoenix and a Doctorate in Nursing Science with a specialization in psychiatric mental health from Brandman University in Irvine, California.
(949) 785-5191 View (949) 785-5191
Photo of Rajan Gosain, MD, Psychiatrist
Rajan Gosain
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
As a board-certified psychiatrist, I enjoy working collaboratively with adults, adolescents, and their families. I provide comprehensive psychiatric evaluation and expert use of individualized treatments, including psychotherapy, mindfulness-oriented therapy, medication management, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). I have a special interest in OCD, Anxiety Disorders, Trauma, and Mood Disorders.
As a board-certified psychiatrist, I enjoy working collaboratively with adults, adolescents, and their families. I provide comprehensive psychiatric evaluation and expert use of individualized treatments, including psychotherapy, mindfulness-oriented therapy, medication management, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). I have a special interest in OCD, Anxiety Disorders, Trauma, and Mood Disorders.
(916) 620-9617 View (916) 620-9617
Photo of April Bodily, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
April Bodily
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95823  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is April and I am a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner. With over 18 years of experience in the nursing field, I am here to help clients of all walks of life. I frequently work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, BPAD, AUD, insomnia, PTSD, panic disorder, and other mood disorders. I am passionate about providing compassionate, patient-focused mental health care making sure that everyone feels heard, valued, and respected.
Welcome! My name is April and I am a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner. With over 18 years of experience in the nursing field, I am here to help clients of all walks of life. I frequently work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, BPAD, AUD, insomnia, PTSD, panic disorder, and other mood disorders. I am passionate about providing compassionate, patient-focused mental health care making sure that everyone feels heard, valued, and respected.
(760) 589-5881 View (760) 589-5881
Photo of Azmeena Hashem, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Azmeena Hashem
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Azmeena Hashem (DNP, PMHNP-BC, NP-C, APRN, RN). Holistic and effective patient care and practice psychopharmacology. My skills include conducting thorough psychiatric evaluations, devising personalized treatment plans, and experience in psychiatric medication management. Also, provide ongoing psychoeducation to individuals and their families. Adult patients with depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, dual diagnosis, bipolar, PTSD, and panic disorder. Active listening, working with the patient as a team, and discussing treatment plans with them.
Azmeena Hashem (DNP, PMHNP-BC, NP-C, APRN, RN). Holistic and effective patient care and practice psychopharmacology. My skills include conducting thorough psychiatric evaluations, devising personalized treatment plans, and experience in psychiatric medication management. Also, provide ongoing psychoeducation to individuals and their families. Adult patients with depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, dual diagnosis, bipolar, PTSD, and panic disorder. Active listening, working with the patient as a team, and discussing treatment plans with them.
(424) 424-8911 View (424) 424-8911
Photo of Mottsin Thomas, MD, Psychiatrist
Mottsin Thomas
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and OCD.
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and OCD.
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
(833) 698-0279 View (833) 698-0279
Photo of Zlata Karga, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Zlata Karga
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 94203
I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) who specializes in treating psychological trauma, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and depression.
I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) who specializes in treating psychological trauma, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and depression.
(707) 940-2154 View (707) 940-2154
Photo of Sandra Kolapo, ARNP, PMHNP-C, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Sandra Kolapo
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, ARNP, PMHNP-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 94230
I am a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner focusing on mental health disorders for all ages and populations. The goal of my practice is to create a collaborative treatment plan with the patient and myself in order to improve mental health conditions with the assistance of evidence based practice pharmacological intervention. Currently , accepting new patients for medication management appointments only. No longer taking appointments for therapy sessions.
I am a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner focusing on mental health disorders for all ages and populations. The goal of my practice is to create a collaborative treatment plan with the patient and myself in order to improve mental health conditions with the assistance of evidence based practice pharmacological intervention. Currently , accepting new patients for medication management appointments only. No longer taking appointments for therapy sessions.
(281) 206-0207 View (281) 206-0207
Photo of Haiyan Wang, MD, MS, Psychiatrist
Haiyan Wang
Psychiatrist, MD, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 94206  (Online Only)
I am a board certified Adult, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist licensed in California and New York. I am specialized in OCD and anxiety. Additionally, I have extensive experience in diagnosing and practicing evidence-based treatments in children, adolescent and adults who have depression, mood disorder, PTSD, and psychosis as well as providing parenting, behavioral strategies and life style modification to improve relationship and quality of life. I have a thorough knowledge of the neuroscience that is related to psychiatric illnesses.
I am a board certified Adult, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist licensed in California and New York. I am specialized in OCD and anxiety. Additionally, I have extensive experience in diagnosing and practicing evidence-based treatments in children, adolescent and adults who have depression, mood disorder, PTSD, and psychosis as well as providing parenting, behavioral strategies and life style modification to improve relationship and quality of life. I have a thorough knowledge of the neuroscience that is related to psychiatric illnesses.
(424) 238-3900 View (424) 238-3900
Photo of Sharath Puttichanda, MD, Psychiatrist
Sharath Puttichanda
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 94203
I focus on depression including young adult-onset depression, anxiety, psychosis, trauma-related issues, and bipolar depression.
My passion stems from a deep-seated desire to help those in crisis or in need. I believe humans are complicated and not perfect all the time. All of those aspects make the whole person. I use my clinical skills to guide people in the right direction and build treatment plans to help my patients find relief from the suffering they may be experiencing. In working with patients, I meet them where they are emotionally and build a collaborative partnership to help each person live their happiest, best lives.
I focus on depression including young adult-onset depression, anxiety, psychosis, trauma-related issues, and bipolar depression.
My passion stems from a deep-seated desire to help those in crisis or in need. I believe humans are complicated and not perfect all the time. All of those aspects make the whole person. I use my clinical skills to guide people in the right direction and build treatment plans to help my patients find relief from the suffering they may be experiencing. In working with patients, I meet them where they are emotionally and build a collaborative partnership to help each person live their happiest, best lives.
(916) 758-9529 View (916) 758-9529
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Trauma and PTSD Psychiatrists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.