Anxiety Psychiatrists in Gloucester, MA

Photo of Anita Pandolfe Ruchman, NP, MSN, Psychiatric Nurse
Anita Pandolfe Ruchman
Psychiatric Nurse, NP, MSN
Verified Verified
Gloucester, MA 01930  (Online Only)
Are you depressed, anxious, experiencing loss, grief, illness, divorce or other major life changes ? Are you pregnant, an anxious new mother, overwhelmed, isolated, or sad? Situations seem endless. Perhaps you don't know how you can cope with such hardships. You will have the wise counsel & skill of a Nurse Psychotherapist, helping you to find balance & health. Full-hour sessions inspire & guide you towards positive change. You & I work collaboratively & holistically, as you learn & develop tools for working through anxiety, grief & depression. With my guidance, you discover hope, & a new & different way of thinking about yourself & your life.
Are you depressed, anxious, experiencing loss, grief, illness, divorce or other major life changes ? Are you pregnant, an anxious new mother, overwhelmed, isolated, or sad? Situations seem endless. Perhaps you don't know how you can cope with such hardships. You will have the wise counsel & skill of a Nurse Psychotherapist, helping you to find balance & health. Full-hour sessions inspire & guide you towards positive change. You & I work collaboratively & holistically, as you learn & develop tools for working through anxiety, grief & depression. With my guidance, you discover hope, & a new & different way of thinking about yourself & your life.
(978) 308-0415 View (978) 308-0415
Photo of Kimberly Seaward, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Kimberly Seaward
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Gloucester, MA 01930  (Online Only)
***Currently Accepting New Patients*** Coastal Psychiatry provides outpatient mental health and medication management services to adolescents and adults (ages 16 and older) located anywhere in Massachusetts via telehealth. We treat a range of Behavioral Health Disorders including depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Adjustments Disorders, Grief and Bereavement, Divorce and Separation, Relationship issues as well as sleep issues.
***Currently Accepting New Patients*** Coastal Psychiatry provides outpatient mental health and medication management services to adolescents and adults (ages 16 and older) located anywhere in Massachusetts via telehealth. We treat a range of Behavioral Health Disorders including depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Adjustments Disorders, Grief and Bereavement, Divorce and Separation, Relationship issues as well as sleep issues.
(978) 982-2314 View (978) 982-2314
Photo of Deborah S Mindnich, MS, RN, PCNS, Psychiatric Nurse
Deborah S Mindnich
Psychiatric Nurse, MS, RN, PCNS
Verified Verified
Gloucester, MA 01930
I partner with my clients to achieve their goals and intentions. I provide individual, couples and family therapy as well as life coaching. I also see clients for medication management.
I partner with my clients to achieve their goals and intentions. I provide individual, couples and family therapy as well as life coaching. I also see clients for medication management.
(978) 678-4112 View (978) 678-4112

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Fortunate Munhutu - My Mental Health Matters Services , DNP, PMHNP, BC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
My Mental Health Matters Services
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Essex, MA 01929  (Online Only)
Accepting NEW patients! Are you struggling with mental health? I believe I can help you! Do you sometimes wonder if what you're feeling is normal? Do you struggle with focusing or distracted easily or struggle to complete tasks? Do you sometimes lack the motivation, low energy, or no interest to participate in things you enjoyed in the past? Do you struggle to fall asleep at night or wake up ? Do you have past trauma that has left you feeling anxious, causing panic attacks, and nightmares? You don’t have to go through these challenges.We offer Medication Management for Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Grief, Insomnia, ADHD etc.
Accepting NEW patients! Are you struggling with mental health? I believe I can help you! Do you sometimes wonder if what you're feeling is normal? Do you struggle with focusing or distracted easily or struggle to complete tasks? Do you sometimes lack the motivation, low energy, or no interest to participate in things you enjoyed in the past? Do you struggle to fall asleep at night or wake up ? Do you have past trauma that has left you feeling anxious, causing panic attacks, and nightmares? You don’t have to go through these challenges.We offer Medication Management for Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Grief, Insomnia, ADHD etc.
(617) 468-1115 View (617) 468-1115
Photo of Huong N Madrigal, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse
Huong N Madrigal
Psychiatric Nurse, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Essex, MA 01929  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with expertise in psychopharmacology. I hold an undergraduate nursing degree and earned my Master's degree from Boston College's Connell School of Nursing. I am certified by the ANCC and recently completed a Doctorate in Nursing Practice at UMass Boston. With nursing experience dating back to 2008 and PMHNP practice since 2013, I offer medication evaluations and ongoing management for conditions such as mood disorders, anxiety, depression. Following a thorough assessment, I will recommend and prescribe medications as needed.
Hello! I am a Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with expertise in psychopharmacology. I hold an undergraduate nursing degree and earned my Master's degree from Boston College's Connell School of Nursing. I am certified by the ANCC and recently completed a Doctorate in Nursing Practice at UMass Boston. With nursing experience dating back to 2008 and PMHNP practice since 2013, I offer medication evaluations and ongoing management for conditions such as mood disorders, anxiety, depression. Following a thorough assessment, I will recommend and prescribe medications as needed.
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Photo of Nicole Brown, MS, OTR/L, RN, MSN, FNP-C, Psychiatric Nurse
Nicole Brown
Psychiatric Nurse, MS, OTR/L, RN, MSN, FNP-C
Verified Verified
Hamilton, MA 01982
I have a some availability for new clients. Are you looking for a new medication provider for your child or for yourself? I currently conduct medication prescribing via telehealth for MA based clients only. Additionally, I also provide Occupational Therapy services via home visits (within 10 miles of Beverly, MA) or via telehealth.
I have a some availability for new clients. Are you looking for a new medication provider for your child or for yourself? I currently conduct medication prescribing via telehealth for MA based clients only. Additionally, I also provide Occupational Therapy services via home visits (within 10 miles of Beverly, MA) or via telehealth.
(508) 501-6231 View (508) 501-6231
Photo of Brendan Wynne - Atlantic Telepsychiatry, DNP, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Atlantic Telepsychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Manchester by the Sea, MA 01944  (Online Only)
**ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS** Atlantic Telepsychiatry offers effective medication treatment for a number of mental health issues to adults anywhere in Massachusetts. With Atlantic Telepsychiatry, you will get personalized mental health care and prescription management from a trained, licensed, and experienced psychiatric prescriber. We help individuals access quality medication treatment for their mental health issues without the hassle of insurance coverage, taking time off work to attend appointments, or wasted time sitting in waiting rooms. Meet with your prescriber on Live Video Sessions from your home, office, or anywhere!
**ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS** Atlantic Telepsychiatry offers effective medication treatment for a number of mental health issues to adults anywhere in Massachusetts. With Atlantic Telepsychiatry, you will get personalized mental health care and prescription management from a trained, licensed, and experienced psychiatric prescriber. We help individuals access quality medication treatment for their mental health issues without the hassle of insurance coverage, taking time off work to attend appointments, or wasted time sitting in waiting rooms. Meet with your prescriber on Live Video Sessions from your home, office, or anywhere!
(508) 273-8184 View (508) 273-8184
Photo of Michele Adam, MSN, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Michele Adam
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Beverly, MA 01915
Not accepting new clients
MENTAL HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN. I am not accepting new clients at this time. I am a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, specializing in women's mental health throughout the life span, as well as the treatment of postpartum emotional complications. Parenting is a tough job, even under the best of circumstances. Are you struggling with depression or anxiety that seems unmanageable? Are you having trouble sleeping or finding it hard to concentrate? Don't wait to ask for help! I have helped many women struggling with these same issues and perhaps I can help you. Call now to see if I am the right fit for you.
MENTAL HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN. I am not accepting new clients at this time. I am a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, specializing in women's mental health throughout the life span, as well as the treatment of postpartum emotional complications. Parenting is a tough job, even under the best of circumstances. Are you struggling with depression or anxiety that seems unmanageable? Are you having trouble sleeping or finding it hard to concentrate? Don't wait to ask for help! I have helped many women struggling with these same issues and perhaps I can help you. Call now to see if I am the right fit for you.
(978) 451-4981 View (978) 451-4981
Photo of Elise Campagnolo, MD, PhD, Psychiatrist
Elise Campagnolo
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
Beverly, MA 01915  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
To individuals seeking care: I am closing my outpatient practice and no longer accepting new patients. Thank you.
To individuals seeking care: I am closing my outpatient practice and no longer accepting new patients. Thank you.
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Online Psychiatrists

Photo of Annamaria Moldovan, MD, Psychiatrist
Annamaria Moldovan
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
The conditions she is most interested in treating are the Depressive disorders, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, OCD, Bipolar, ADHD, Cognitive Disorders and Personality Disorders.
Dr. Annamaria Moldovan completed her medical education at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj, Romania. She completed a Residency program in Family Medicine at the same institution and was Board certified in the specialty. After coming to the US, she completed the Residency program in Psychiatry at the VCU-Medical College of Virginia. She is board certified in Adult Psychiatry. She became interested in the in-depth study of human development and behavior and enrolled in a program called “Modern Perspectives on Psychodynamic Psychotherapy “ at the Washington Psychoanalytic Institute in D.C.
The conditions she is most interested in treating are the Depressive disorders, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, OCD, Bipolar, ADHD, Cognitive Disorders and Personality Disorders.
Dr. Annamaria Moldovan completed her medical education at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj, Romania. She completed a Residency program in Family Medicine at the same institution and was Board certified in the specialty. After coming to the US, she completed the Residency program in Psychiatry at the VCU-Medical College of Virginia. She is board certified in Adult Psychiatry. She became interested in the in-depth study of human development and behavior and enrolled in a program called “Modern Perspectives on Psychodynamic Psychotherapy “ at the Washington Psychoanalytic Institute in D.C.
(857) 575-5430 View (857) 575-5430
Photo of Sofia Verdeja Mitchell, RN, APRN, PMHNPBC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Sofia Verdeja Mitchell
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, RN, APRN, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Weymouth, MA 02190  (Online Only)
Of His panic origin, I’m a native English-language and Spanish-language speaker and able to take patients needing treatment in either language.
•• Accepting New Patients ••: I am a board-certified English/Spanish bilingual psychiatric nurse practitioner specializing in trauma management and treating depression, anxiety and insomnia. Skilled in assessment, diagnosis and medication management through evidence-based care for safe and effective outcomes, I build targeted and individualized treatment plans while providing therapeutic support and a willingness to collaborate with therapists for mutual patients. Throughout more than eight years of experience, I’ve provided patient care across a variety of settings, including ER care, inpatient psychiatry and outpatient psychiatry.
Of His panic origin, I’m a native English-language and Spanish-language speaker and able to take patients needing treatment in either language.
•• Accepting New Patients ••: I am a board-certified English/Spanish bilingual psychiatric nurse practitioner specializing in trauma management and treating depression, anxiety and insomnia. Skilled in assessment, diagnosis and medication management through evidence-based care for safe and effective outcomes, I build targeted and individualized treatment plans while providing therapeutic support and a willingness to collaborate with therapists for mutual patients. Throughout more than eight years of experience, I’ve provided patient care across a variety of settings, including ER care, inpatient psychiatry and outpatient psychiatry.
(339) 218-4969 View (339) 218-4969
Photo of Mesode Sobe-Uduaghan, PMHNP, APN, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Mesode Sobe-Uduaghan
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, APN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bridgewater, MA 02324
Helping clients with different mood disorders, anxiety, depression, PTSD, ADHD, bipolar disorder, substance use, etc.
Mesode is a dedicated Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who empowers individuals to achieve mental wellness from pre-adolescent to adulthood. She is committed to providing compassionate/empathetic care and personalized treatment plans. With expertise in assessment, diagnosis, relationship-building skills, and medication management. She strives to foster a supportive therapeutic environment where clients can thrive and regain control of their lives. Collaborating with patients, families, and interdisciplinary teams, she aims to promote holistic well-being and resilience in the face of mental challenges.
Helping clients with different mood disorders, anxiety, depression, PTSD, ADHD, bipolar disorder, substance use, etc.
Mesode is a dedicated Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who empowers individuals to achieve mental wellness from pre-adolescent to adulthood. She is committed to providing compassionate/empathetic care and personalized treatment plans. With expertise in assessment, diagnosis, relationship-building skills, and medication management. She strives to foster a supportive therapeutic environment where clients can thrive and regain control of their lives. Collaborating with patients, families, and interdisciplinary teams, she aims to promote holistic well-being and resilience in the face of mental challenges.
(609) 403-3055 View (609) 403-3055
Photo of Dr. Jen Sweet, MD, Psychiatrist
Dr. Jen Sweet
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I hope to create a nurturing space that supports you through unique issues that we face as women – whether it be depression, anxiety, work-life balance, parenting, or managing mood disorders in pregnancy and postpartum periods, I want to support you through each phase.
I offer mental healthcare for women and their loved ones, encompassing a more holistic, and I believe, warmer approach to emotional health treatment. I aim to provide specialized and comprehensive treatment for challenges specific to your different life stages. I offer inclusive and truly quality care with the ultimate goal of helping you overcome emotional hurdles that you face, in any phase of your life.
I hope to create a nurturing space that supports you through unique issues that we face as women – whether it be depression, anxiety, work-life balance, parenting, or managing mood disorders in pregnancy and postpartum periods, I want to support you through each phase.
I offer mental healthcare for women and their loved ones, encompassing a more holistic, and I believe, warmer approach to emotional health treatment. I aim to provide specialized and comprehensive treatment for challenges specific to your different life stages. I offer inclusive and truly quality care with the ultimate goal of helping you overcome emotional hurdles that you face, in any phase of your life.
(925) 248-4512 View (925) 248-4512
Photo of Amber Frank, MD, Psychiatrist
Amber Frank
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
She primarily works with adults with anxiety, depression, OCD, and PTSD.
Dr. Amber Frank is board certified in Adult Psychiatry. She received her medical degree from Harvard Medical School and completed her residency training at the Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School Adult Psychiatry Training Program. Dr. Frank believes in a holistic approach to patient care. She strives to understand and treat every patient using a framework that includes not just the biological (medical), but also the psychological, social, environmental, and cultural elements that may contribute to an individual person’s experience of mental health and wellness.
She primarily works with adults with anxiety, depression, OCD, and PTSD.
Dr. Amber Frank is board certified in Adult Psychiatry. She received her medical degree from Harvard Medical School and completed her residency training at the Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School Adult Psychiatry Training Program. Dr. Frank believes in a holistic approach to patient care. She strives to understand and treat every patient using a framework that includes not just the biological (medical), but also the psychological, social, environmental, and cultural elements that may contribute to an individual person’s experience of mental health and wellness.
(617) 812-8845 View (617) 812-8845
Photo of Margaret Oloyede, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Margaret Oloyede
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Margaret Oloyede is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practioner with 8 years of experience treating adults who are struggling to cope with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, ADHD, and eating disorders.
Margaret Oloyede is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practioner with 8 years of experience treating adults who are struggling to cope with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, ADHD, and eating disorders.
(339) 329-8812 View (339) 329-8812
Photo of Mark Monfasani, PMHNP, AGNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Mark Monfasani
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, AGNP
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02466
I have training and experience in mental health as well as primary care, sexual health, HIV care, and LGBTQ+ health care, and I can help with depression, anxiety, attention deficit, OCD, PTSD, and more.
I am a nurse practitioner offering medication management, and other treatments for mental health through Empowered Psychiatry. I am Johns Hopkins-educated, LGBTQ+ positive, sex-positive, poly-, body- and kink positive, and I am pretty calm, casual, and relaxed, with some dry humor sprinkled in. I prioritize mutual open communication in order to work with each individual's goals. I try to avoid stigma and shame, including about substances, neurodivergence, and unfortunate past events, and I aim to work together to define and pursue health and wellness goals.
I have training and experience in mental health as well as primary care, sexual health, HIV care, and LGBTQ+ health care, and I can help with depression, anxiety, attention deficit, OCD, PTSD, and more.
I am a nurse practitioner offering medication management, and other treatments for mental health through Empowered Psychiatry. I am Johns Hopkins-educated, LGBTQ+ positive, sex-positive, poly-, body- and kink positive, and I am pretty calm, casual, and relaxed, with some dry humor sprinkled in. I prioritize mutual open communication in order to work with each individual's goals. I try to avoid stigma and shame, including about substances, neurodivergence, and unfortunate past events, and I aim to work together to define and pursue health and wellness goals.
(781) 660-1604 View (781) 660-1604
Photo of Charlene Julien - Our Hopeful & Holistic Healing Center (Our HHHC), NP, MSN, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Our Hopeful & Holistic Healing Center (Our HHHC)
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP, MSN
Verified Verified
Charlestown, MA 02129
Greetings, my name is Charlene. I am a dual certified psychiatric and family nurse practitioner (NP) also trained as a Usui Reiki practitioner who embraces into my practice that mental and physical health are deeply interconnected. If you struggle with anxiety or depression, I'd love to work with you to develop a holistic approach to your care that addresses the many facets of your mental well-being. I use holistic evidence-based and evidence-informed methods to help women with anxiety and/or depression in their 20s to 50s achieve optimal mental well-being and regain control over their lives.
Greetings, my name is Charlene. I am a dual certified psychiatric and family nurse practitioner (NP) also trained as a Usui Reiki practitioner who embraces into my practice that mental and physical health are deeply interconnected. If you struggle with anxiety or depression, I'd love to work with you to develop a holistic approach to your care that addresses the many facets of your mental well-being. I use holistic evidence-based and evidence-informed methods to help women with anxiety and/or depression in their 20s to 50s achieve optimal mental well-being and regain control over their lives.
(781) 285-7266 View (781) 285-7266
Photo of Chloe Wagen, MSN, PMHNP, RN, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Chloe Wagen
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, RN
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115
I have been working in outpatient private practice for 3 years. I have worked with patients across the lifespan, and I have a particular interest in working with young adults as well as older adults/geriatrics. I am experienced in the evaluation and treatment of many mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, and mood disorders including bipolar spectrum disorders. I prioritize establishing a collaborative relationship with the individuals I work with. I hope to help my patients set their own goals and provide the environment and support they need in order to reach those goals.
I have been working in outpatient private practice for 3 years. I have worked with patients across the lifespan, and I have a particular interest in working with young adults as well as older adults/geriatrics. I am experienced in the evaluation and treatment of many mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, and mood disorders including bipolar spectrum disorders. I prioritize establishing a collaborative relationship with the individuals I work with. I hope to help my patients set their own goals and provide the environment and support they need in order to reach those goals.
(617) 231-9827 View (617) 231-9827
Photo of Angelique Empleo-Sandberg, MSN, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Angelique Empleo-Sandberg
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Melrose, MA 02176
Any reason for seeking mental health care is significant, no matter how big or small it may seem. I believe that mental wellness is multi-faceted, and that each person has a unique story deserving of specialized care. I provide therapy and medication management for a range of conditions, with a special focus on depression and anxiety, as well as personality, interpersonal, and trauma-related disorders. My approach is client-centred and trauma-informed. I hope to provide a safe space for individuals of all backgrounds and experiences.
Any reason for seeking mental health care is significant, no matter how big or small it may seem. I believe that mental wellness is multi-faceted, and that each person has a unique story deserving of specialized care. I provide therapy and medication management for a range of conditions, with a special focus on depression and anxiety, as well as personality, interpersonal, and trauma-related disorders. My approach is client-centred and trauma-informed. I hope to provide a safe space for individuals of all backgrounds and experiences.
(339) 238-8645 View (339) 238-8645
Photo of Aaron R Quiggle, MD, MS, Psychiatrist
Aaron R Quiggle
Psychiatrist, MD, MS
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02466
I am a Harvard, Columbia/Cornell, and UC San Francisco trained adult, child/adolescent, and addiction psychiatrist. In addition to treating mental health disorders across the lifespan (depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, for instance), I have particular expertise and experience in treating people of any age with co-occurring struggles with substances, such as opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, benzodiazepines, cannabis, and alcohol.
I am a Harvard, Columbia/Cornell, and UC San Francisco trained adult, child/adolescent, and addiction psychiatrist. In addition to treating mental health disorders across the lifespan (depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, for instance), I have particular expertise and experience in treating people of any age with co-occurring struggles with substances, such as opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, benzodiazepines, cannabis, and alcohol.
(781) 546-4986 View (781) 546-4986

See more therapy options for Gloucester

Anxiety Psychiatrists

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other popular forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.