Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Psychiatrists in Snellville, GA
![Photo of Cassandra Gilliam, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c4003ab2-e075-4552-898f-d4a8db54a6f5/1/320x400.jpeg)
Cassandra Gilliam
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
Snellville, GA 30039 (Online Only)
I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner. I received my PMHNP license in 2023. Prior to becoming a NP, I was a mental health nurse, nurse educator and mental health change agent for 19 years. As a mental health advocate my goal is to ensure that each client receives individualized, and patient centered care, to help you along your journey to becoming a "new you." I love working with young adults and the elderly with anxiety/panic disorders, mood disorders and trauma.
I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner. I received my PMHNP license in 2023. Prior to becoming a NP, I was a mental health nurse, nurse educator and mental health change agent for 19 years. As a mental health advocate my goal is to ensure that each client receives individualized, and patient centered care, to help you along your journey to becoming a "new you." I love working with young adults and the elderly with anxiety/panic disorders, mood disorders and trauma.
![Photo of Matachi Ughwanogho, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0bfcb3f3-d321-4c7f-99ba-a19cfb5a0f5b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Matachi is a compassionate and experienced dual board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner and family nurse practitioner. Friendly, easy to talk to, and a strong advocate of patients with mental illness and their families. Matachi believes in holistic, patient-centered, and family involved care approach that provides optimal wellness. She treats patients with dignity and respect, and committed to culturally competent care. She treats patients across lifespan with behavior and mental health disorders.
Matachi is a compassionate and experienced dual board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner and family nurse practitioner. Friendly, easy to talk to, and a strong advocate of patients with mental illness and their families. Matachi believes in holistic, patient-centered, and family involved care approach that provides optimal wellness. She treats patients with dignity and respect, and committed to culturally competent care. She treats patients across lifespan with behavior and mental health disorders.
![Photo of Zicole Browne, DO, Psychiatrist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/680a48af-1d30-4398-9529-0b64c3d4fa19/1/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Zicole Browne is a Psychiatrist in Georgia who has been practicing since 2018. As an adult psychiatrist, Dr. Browne is trained to treat an array of psychiatric conditions including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and psychotic disorders. His approach to patient care is a joint venture. Dr. Browne envisions a safe and nonjudgmental environment in order to build a strong therapeutic alliance which will facilitate positive outcomes. While utilizing a combination of medications and therapeutic interventions, Dr. Browne likes to discuss the diagnosis and management plan together after sharing all treatment options.
Dr. Zicole Browne is a Psychiatrist in Georgia who has been practicing since 2018. As an adult psychiatrist, Dr. Browne is trained to treat an array of psychiatric conditions including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and psychotic disorders. His approach to patient care is a joint venture. Dr. Browne envisions a safe and nonjudgmental environment in order to build a strong therapeutic alliance which will facilitate positive outcomes. While utilizing a combination of medications and therapeutic interventions, Dr. Browne likes to discuss the diagnosis and management plan together after sharing all treatment options.
![Photo of Jasmine Kearse - Aligned Cognition Healthcare Services, PC, MD, Psychiatrist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/038f4140-c28c-4c54-86f8-3cc9bb4f6d7c/3/320x400.jpeg)
Aligned Cognition Healthcare Services, PC
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Snellville, GA 30078 (Online Only)
For far too long we have been ignoring our mental health needs. Whether it is because we feel we do not have time for ourselves or the stigma that goes along with seeing a psychiatrist. Whatever the case is, now is the time to let it go. At some point in everyone's life the experiences of sadness (depression?), nervousness (anxiety?), feeling judged (paranoia?), flighty (mania?), scared (PTSD?) and a whole host of other emotions have surfaced. Sometimes these feelings or emotions can get out of hand. Why let them? Let's explore healthy coping mechanisms. Reach out for an appointment!
For far too long we have been ignoring our mental health needs. Whether it is because we feel we do not have time for ourselves or the stigma that goes along with seeing a psychiatrist. Whatever the case is, now is the time to let it go. At some point in everyone's life the experiences of sadness (depression?), nervousness (anxiety?), feeling judged (paranoia?), flighty (mania?), scared (PTSD?) and a whole host of other emotions have surfaced. Sometimes these feelings or emotions can get out of hand. Why let them? Let's explore healthy coping mechanisms. Reach out for an appointment!
![Photo of Kiana Johnson, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/06c3bf6a-ad45-4ddb-b128-2dba4cebe18a/1/320x400.jpeg)
Kiana Johnson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Snellville, GA 30078 (Online Only)
Are you struggling with symptoms of anxiety and depression? Feeling overwhelmed on most days, with lack of motivation to accomplish your daily routine? Has fear of judgment kept you from seeking mental health treatment? Here at Unashamed Minds, LLC we are committed to helping guide you out of that dark place and releasing the shame that comes with coping with mental health issues. We strive to create an environment where individuals feel heard, supported, and understood. We will assist you understanding the root cause of your symptoms. Whether it is trauma related, low self esteem, depression or anxiety, we can help you to Overcome!
Are you struggling with symptoms of anxiety and depression? Feeling overwhelmed on most days, with lack of motivation to accomplish your daily routine? Has fear of judgment kept you from seeking mental health treatment? Here at Unashamed Minds, LLC we are committed to helping guide you out of that dark place and releasing the shame that comes with coping with mental health issues. We strive to create an environment where individuals feel heard, supported, and understood. We will assist you understanding the root cause of your symptoms. Whether it is trauma related, low self esteem, depression or anxiety, we can help you to Overcome!
![Photo of Whitney Wright - Georgia Psychiatry, MD, Psychiatrist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4223771e-028d-4d7f-857e-d27f5e6fd64b/1/320x400.png)
You are important, that's what everyone needs to hear. If you are searching for a better quality of life or having difficulty finding your balance, we can help you. Depression, Anxiety or any other mental health issue doesn't need to hold you back from living your life. Come talk to us, we can help you get back to being you.
You are important, that's what everyone needs to hear. If you are searching for a better quality of life or having difficulty finding your balance, we can help you. Depression, Anxiety or any other mental health issue doesn't need to hold you back from living your life. Come talk to us, we can help you get back to being you.
![Photo of Benedicta N Okoye, DNP, FNP-C, PMNP-BC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d7851e8f-ca11-410f-bfe6-93e6063d6a1b/2/320x400.png)
Benedicta N Okoye
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, FNP-C, PMNP-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Snellville, GA 30078 (Online Only)
Dr. Benedicta Okoye has a wide range of clinical experience; she has worked in the healthcare field for over two decades. She is a doctorate dual prepared Family Nurse Practitioner and Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner.
Dr. Benedicta Okoye has a wide range of clinical experience; she has worked in the healthcare field for over two decades. She is a doctorate dual prepared Family Nurse Practitioner and Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner.
More Psychiatrists Nearby
![Photo of Susan K Blank, MD, Psychiatrist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ca0b3fc-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/4/320x400.jpeg)
Beginning with a thorough assessment of the issues you are facing, the AHC team will develop a personalized treatment plan to best meet your needs, including,if appropriate, a gentle, medically managed detox. We offer a multitude of treatment options such as Quantitative EEG (Brain Mapping), Hormonal Assessment, Nutritional Assessment, Neuropsychological Testing, Cognitive Therapy along with Traditional Twelve-Step Facilitation. Your Success is our Business - When combined with well established techniques and evidenced based practices, patients are able to achieve the greatest chance of successfully controlling their diesase of addcition.
Beginning with a thorough assessment of the issues you are facing, the AHC team will develop a personalized treatment plan to best meet your needs, including,if appropriate, a gentle, medically managed detox. We offer a multitude of treatment options such as Quantitative EEG (Brain Mapping), Hormonal Assessment, Nutritional Assessment, Neuropsychological Testing, Cognitive Therapy along with Traditional Twelve-Step Facilitation. Your Success is our Business - When combined with well established techniques and evidenced based practices, patients are able to achieve the greatest chance of successfully controlling their diesase of addcition.
![Photo of Eli Muhrer - Charlie Health, Psychiatrist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1e07c009-ade9-498c-be8b-52f5035fe525/1/320x400.jpeg)
We specialize in CBT, DBT skills, and CFT.
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-ga
We specialize in CBT, DBT skills, and CFT.
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-ga
![Photo of Lucy Mayers, DNP, PMHRN, FCN, Psychiatric Nurse](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7e2363e2-432c-488e-8ce8-6fc9e39f53a9/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am a board-certified Psychiatric nurse counselor certified in SOZO inner healing, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy with over thirty years of experience counseling clients in hospitals, churches, and private practice. I have experience in trauma, inner healing, depression, and anxiety. I want to see people walking in freedom and enjoying the life that God has given them. I have seen many people set free from addictions and other life-affecting issues such as depression and anxiety. I work with people of all backgrounds and faith.
I am a board-certified Psychiatric nurse counselor certified in SOZO inner healing, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy with over thirty years of experience counseling clients in hospitals, churches, and private practice. I have experience in trauma, inner healing, depression, and anxiety. I want to see people walking in freedom and enjoying the life that God has given them. I have seen many people set free from addictions and other life-affecting issues such as depression and anxiety. I work with people of all backgrounds and faith.
![Photo of Dr. Chenhang Zou, MD, Psychiatrist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d91f2ce8-e34f-463b-914a-6353e13ac4cf/1/320x400.jpeg)
Embark on your healing journey with Dr. Zou, a Board-certified psychiatrist who blends the precision of medicine with the art of psychotherapy. Trained at Emory and UAlabama, Dr. Zou is expert at integrating medication management and psychotherapy, including CBT. But her approach is not just about effective treatment; it's about empowering you with self-knowledge and tools for sustainable mental well-being. With Dr. Zou, you can explore a personalized, empathetic approach that resonates uniquely with you.
Embark on your healing journey with Dr. Zou, a Board-certified psychiatrist who blends the precision of medicine with the art of psychotherapy. Trained at Emory and UAlabama, Dr. Zou is expert at integrating medication management and psychotherapy, including CBT. But her approach is not just about effective treatment; it's about empowering you with self-knowledge and tools for sustainable mental well-being. With Dr. Zou, you can explore a personalized, empathetic approach that resonates uniquely with you.
![Photo of Cinandra Sweatman, DNP, PMHNP, BC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ddf6ffec-36ff-4cfa-843d-910bf0e37446/1/320x400.png)
Cinandra Sweatman
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Lawrenceville, GA 30045 (Online Only)
Cinandra is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) specializing in a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression, PTSD, mood disorder, and behavioral disturbance. Cinandra's primary goal is to establish relationships with her patients that are both empowering as well as educational. Cinandra treats both adolescents as well as adults, covering the various issues experienced across the lifespan. Her role as a PMHNP is a multifaceted one, in which Cinandra works as an advocate, educator, and collaborator.
Cinandra is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) specializing in a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression, PTSD, mood disorder, and behavioral disturbance. Cinandra's primary goal is to establish relationships with her patients that are both empowering as well as educational. Cinandra treats both adolescents as well as adults, covering the various issues experienced across the lifespan. Her role as a PMHNP is a multifaceted one, in which Cinandra works as an advocate, educator, and collaborator.
![Photo of Debra D Harvey Stewart - JS Healthcare, LLC, MHA, MSN, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f588672d-b64d-4bb8-9e63-d06ff05ba1bc/1/320x400.jpeg)
JS Healthcare, LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MHA, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Lawrenceville, GA 30046
Same or Next Day appointments available. Our experienced mental health professionals work closely with you to find the most effective medication plan. Regular follow-ups, whether in person or via telehealth, ensure your treatment is continuously optimized for your well-being. For those requiring injectable medications, we provide a safe and comfortable setting for administration. Our licensed therapists offer individual and family therapy sessions. We address a wide range of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and more. Our therapeutic approaches are evidence-based. Call Today!
Same or Next Day appointments available. Our experienced mental health professionals work closely with you to find the most effective medication plan. Regular follow-ups, whether in person or via telehealth, ensure your treatment is continuously optimized for your well-being. For those requiring injectable medications, we provide a safe and comfortable setting for administration. Our licensed therapists offer individual and family therapy sessions. We address a wide range of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and more. Our therapeutic approaches are evidence-based. Call Today!
![Photo of Lola Ogunniyi, BSN, RN, MBA, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c3f0a78b-2ca0-4e7d-b379-6712dbfb2772/1/320x400.png)
Lola Ogunniyi
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, BSN, RN, MBA, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lawrenceville, GA 30044 (Online Only)
Our focus is to provide a comprehensive solution for managing your mental well-being and empowering you to take pride in your physical appearance. While managing your mental health wellness, we provide spa treatments such as neurotoxins, dermal fillers, and microchanneling. These services rejuvenate your body, and contribute to enhancing your overall sense of well-being. By actively listening and collaborating with you, we devise effective strategies for managing stress, anxiety, and depression. We also offer techniques to boost your self-esteem and self-confidence which enables you to view yourself positively.
Our focus is to provide a comprehensive solution for managing your mental well-being and empowering you to take pride in your physical appearance. While managing your mental health wellness, we provide spa treatments such as neurotoxins, dermal fillers, and microchanneling. These services rejuvenate your body, and contribute to enhancing your overall sense of well-being. By actively listening and collaborating with you, we devise effective strategies for managing stress, anxiety, and depression. We also offer techniques to boost your self-esteem and self-confidence which enables you to view yourself positively.
![Photo of Kimberly Drummond, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a4708fc7-952e-48c6-9d6f-a9ce38e23f0a/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and have been providing mental health services for 1 years in outpatient and in home settings. I see Individuals and I address Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Mood Disorder, Opioid Use Disorder.
I am a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and have been providing mental health services for 1 years in outpatient and in home settings. I see Individuals and I address Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Mood Disorder, Opioid Use Disorder.
![Photo of Jose Maria Artadi, MD, Psychiatrist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/413aa9e4-c78b-450a-aed0-9b727e082325/1/320x400.png)
I am a a bilingual psychiatrist with a license in Georgia and Florida. I am originally from Venezuela and have been living in the United States for many years. I completed medical school in Venezuela and training at the University of Miami- Jackson Memorial Hospital. I and my team are available to help you in our office in Norcross, Georgia. My assistants Tulio Quevedo (Addictions counselor and Intake coordinator) and Leydi Espinosa (Nurse Practitioner), and I are ready to help. We work with children and adults. I have a passion for my field in medicine and the ability to take care of persons with neuropsychiatric conditions.
I am a a bilingual psychiatrist with a license in Georgia and Florida. I am originally from Venezuela and have been living in the United States for many years. I completed medical school in Venezuela and training at the University of Miami- Jackson Memorial Hospital. I and my team are available to help you in our office in Norcross, Georgia. My assistants Tulio Quevedo (Addictions counselor and Intake coordinator) and Leydi Espinosa (Nurse Practitioner), and I are ready to help. We work with children and adults. I have a passion for my field in medicine and the ability to take care of persons with neuropsychiatric conditions.
![Photo of Monica Odelus, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/831dd1b0-63f8-44c4-9ce7-80d5b38c14d6/1/320x400.jpeg)
Monica Odelus
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lawrenceville, GA 30045 (Online Only)
Greetings! Here's a brief introduction to my professional background: I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with a wealth of experience. My practice includes providing care to individuals aged 12 and above, encompassing both adolescents and adults. My expertise lies in offering specialized treatment and medication management for a variety of mental health conditions, such as depression, various anxiety disorders, ADHD, PTSD, along with other mood-related disorders. Since obtaining my license in 2021, post my graduation from Walden University where I earned a Master's Degree in N
Greetings! Here's a brief introduction to my professional background: I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with a wealth of experience. My practice includes providing care to individuals aged 12 and above, encompassing both adolescents and adults. My expertise lies in offering specialized treatment and medication management for a variety of mental health conditions, such as depression, various anxiety disorders, ADHD, PTSD, along with other mood-related disorders. Since obtaining my license in 2021, post my graduation from Walden University where I earned a Master's Degree in N
![Photo of Marva Calder, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c7c9e270-c775-4502-be87-22107561f0cf/1/320x400.jpeg)
Marva Calder
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Lawrenceville, GA 30043 (Online Only)
Marva Calder is a board-certified Psychiatric Mental health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) with over 22 years of experience. She specializes in treating depression, anxiety, mood disorders, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other conditions in adults and seniors.
Marva Calder is a board-certified Psychiatric Mental health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) with over 22 years of experience. She specializes in treating depression, anxiety, mood disorders, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other conditions in adults and seniors.
![Photo of Dr. Diana Jubilee Awuah, DNP, PMNP-BC, FNP-C, CME, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9b3fce7b-b33f-49dd-8c19-ac2664f5eff9/2/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Diana Jubilee Awuah
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMNP-BC, FNP-C, CME
Verified Verified
Lawrenceville, GA 30046 (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Dr. Diana Jubilee Awuah. I am the founder of Jubilee Healthcare Providers LLC. I have over 11 years of combined experience as a healthcare provider. Do you feel pulled in many directions and unable to fit it all in? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work, and health? Are you feeling lost? I help men, women, and children who are struggling with Anxiety, Depression, and other mental health problems to finally get a breakthrough so they can reclaim their joy, restore their confidence, and improve their overall health. Together, we can identify what is not working and get you back to balance.
Hi there, I'm Dr. Diana Jubilee Awuah. I am the founder of Jubilee Healthcare Providers LLC. I have over 11 years of combined experience as a healthcare provider. Do you feel pulled in many directions and unable to fit it all in? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work, and health? Are you feeling lost? I help men, women, and children who are struggling with Anxiety, Depression, and other mental health problems to finally get a breakthrough so they can reclaim their joy, restore their confidence, and improve their overall health. Together, we can identify what is not working and get you back to balance.
![Photo of Gifty Ntiamoah, APRN, FNP, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/77729edb-7191-4f91-b16b-02812ca451fd/2/320x400.jpeg)
Gifty Ntiamoah
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, FNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lawrenceville, GA 30046 (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm Gifty Ntiamoah, a dedicated Family Nurse Practitioner and Psych Mental Health Nurse Practitioner specialized in depression, anxiety and weight loss. With years of experience, I've had the privilege of providing comprehensive care to individuals across all stages of life—from the vibrant energy of children to the rich wisdom of our elders. My journey in healthcare has been diverse, allowing me to hone my skills in both primary and behavioral health.
Welcome! I'm Gifty Ntiamoah, a dedicated Family Nurse Practitioner and Psych Mental Health Nurse Practitioner specialized in depression, anxiety and weight loss. With years of experience, I've had the privilege of providing comprehensive care to individuals across all stages of life—from the vibrant energy of children to the rich wisdom of our elders. My journey in healthcare has been diverse, allowing me to hone my skills in both primary and behavioral health.
See more therapy options for Snellville
Nearby Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Psychiatrists Searches for Snellville
- Alpharetta
- Brookhaven
- Conyers
- Decatur
- Duluth
- Dunwoody
- Johns Creek
- Lawrenceville
- Lilburn
- Loganville
- Norcross
- Suwanee
Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Psychiatrists
How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?
Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.
When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?
It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.
How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?
To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.
Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?
CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.