Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Psychiatrists in San Leandro, CA

Photo of Yuhuan Xie, MD, Psychiatrist
Yuhuan Xie
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Leandro, CA 94577
Mental illnesses not only cause psychological pain, they also prevents you from fully engaging and functioning in daily school/work, personal and family life. You want to restore your previous functioning as soon as possible.
Mental illnesses not only cause psychological pain, they also prevents you from fully engaging and functioning in daily school/work, personal and family life. You want to restore your previous functioning as soon as possible.
(925) 478-3698 View (925) 478-3698
Photo of Jonathan Allotey, DNP, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Jonathan Allotey
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Leandro, CA 94579  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Online Psychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Online Psychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA
(341) 895-7292 View (341) 895-7292
Photo of Leah Haddad, MSN, PMHNP, FNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Leah Haddad
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Leandro, CA 94579
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Online Psychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Online Psychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA
(341) 888-6708 View (341) 888-6708
Photo of Jack Mkroyan, MSN, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Jack Mkroyan
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN
Verified Verified
San Leandro, CA 94577
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Telepsychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Telepsychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA
(341) 444-3304 View (341) 444-3304
Photo of Ryan Thebo, DNP, PMHNP, FNP, CICP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Ryan Thebo
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP, CICP
Verified Verified
San Leandro, CA 94577
Unsure if medication is right for you or need help optimizing your current treatment? While medication can be beneficial, the most effective approach to mental health challenges often combines the right medications with holistic treatments. Sadly, the profit-driven mental healthcare system may not always prioritize your well-being. My goal is to help you thrive through holistic psychiatry, enabling you to achieve optimal wellness. Easily schedule an online appointment for personalized medication management at www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA and take the first step towards a healthier you.
Unsure if medication is right for you or need help optimizing your current treatment? While medication can be beneficial, the most effective approach to mental health challenges often combines the right medications with holistic treatments. Sadly, the profit-driven mental healthcare system may not always prioritize your well-being. My goal is to help you thrive through holistic psychiatry, enabling you to achieve optimal wellness. Easily schedule an online appointment for personalized medication management at www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA and take the first step towards a healthier you.
(341) 348-8699 View (341) 348-8699
Photo of Jessica Vermeulen, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Jessica Vermeulen
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
San Leandro, CA 94577
Unsure if medication is right for you or need help optimizing your current treatment? While medication can be beneficial, the most effective approach to mental health challenges often combines the right medications with holistic treatments. Sadly, the profit-driven mental healthcare system may not always prioritize your well-being. My goal is to help you thrive through holistic psychiatry, enabling you to achieve optimal wellness. Easily schedule an online appointment for personalized medication management at www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA and take the first step towards a healthier you.
Unsure if medication is right for you or need help optimizing your current treatment? While medication can be beneficial, the most effective approach to mental health challenges often combines the right medications with holistic treatments. Sadly, the profit-driven mental healthcare system may not always prioritize your well-being. My goal is to help you thrive through holistic psychiatry, enabling you to achieve optimal wellness. Easily schedule an online appointment for personalized medication management at www.pwpsychiatry.com/CA and take the first step towards a healthier you.
(341) 234-2952 View (341) 234-2952

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of May Vang, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
May Vang
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
Her specialty areas include psychiatric emergencies, SMI, anxiety/ OCD, depression, mood disorders, attention deficit disorders, and substance use disorders.
May is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Board Certified (PMHNP-BC) serving patients of all ages and diagnoses. Her background in mental health services spans over 20 years after receiving a MS in Marriage and Family Therapy in 2003. May has worked as a PMHNP-BC since 2022.
Her specialty areas include psychiatric emergencies, SMI, anxiety/ OCD, depression, mood disorders, attention deficit disorders, and substance use disorders.
May is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Board Certified (PMHNP-BC) serving patients of all ages and diagnoses. Her background in mental health services spans over 20 years after receiving a MS in Marriage and Family Therapy in 2003. May has worked as a PMHNP-BC since 2022.
(206) 672-7730 View (206) 672-7730
Photo of Catherine Stayer, MD, PhD, Psychiatrist
Catherine Stayer
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Expertise: ADHD, OCD, Tourette's, Autism, Mood and Anxiety disorders; Spiritual Issues Research Experience/Publications: Sleep, Psychopharmacology, Neurology, Childhood Onset Psychosis Fellowships: Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, American Academy of Anti-Aging, Regenerative and Functional Medicine,NIMH-Children's Hospital Research in Pediatric Psychiatry www.
INTEGRATIVE PSYCHIATRY for CHILDREN, TEENS, ADULTS, and COUPLES. I see my role as one who accompanies you on a journey towards optimal health, vitality, and personal growth. Depending on your unique needs, my approach combines conventional modalities (i.e., medications and therapy) with complementary (i.e., botanicals, nutriceuticals, nutrition, acupuncture, guided imagery, etc.). The goal is not merely to treat symptoms, but to address the matrix of underlying causes and the obstacles that keep you from living your best life.
Expertise: ADHD, OCD, Tourette's, Autism, Mood and Anxiety disorders; Spiritual Issues Research Experience/Publications: Sleep, Psychopharmacology, Neurology, Childhood Onset Psychosis Fellowships: Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, American Academy of Anti-Aging, Regenerative and Functional Medicine,NIMH-Children's Hospital Research in Pediatric Psychiatry www.
INTEGRATIVE PSYCHIATRY for CHILDREN, TEENS, ADULTS, and COUPLES. I see my role as one who accompanies you on a journey towards optimal health, vitality, and personal growth. Depending on your unique needs, my approach combines conventional modalities (i.e., medications and therapy) with complementary (i.e., botanicals, nutriceuticals, nutrition, acupuncture, guided imagery, etc.). The goal is not merely to treat symptoms, but to address the matrix of underlying causes and the obstacles that keep you from living your best life.
(510) 206-2620 View (510) 206-2620
Photo of David Roth, MD, Psychiatrist
David Roth
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601
I have many areas of professional interest including obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, insomnia, bipolar disorder, tics, irritability, impulsivity, ADHD, ADD, high functioning autism spectrum disorder and many more.
What are their issues, their needs, their goals? What do they want and why? I have enjoyed working with a wide variety of adults and youth over my career so far. My only requirements from patients are honesty and a desire for self-improvement.
I have many areas of professional interest including obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, insomnia, bipolar disorder, tics, irritability, impulsivity, ADHD, ADD, high functioning autism spectrum disorder and many more.
What are their issues, their needs, their goals? What do they want and why? I have enjoyed working with a wide variety of adults and youth over my career so far. My only requirements from patients are honesty and a desire for self-improvement.
(415) 360-3466 View (415) 360-3466
Photo of Porsha Peterson, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Porsha Peterson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
My expertise lies in working with those dealing with ADHD, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, OCD and more.
In my mental health practice, I advocate for a holistic treatment approach, recognizing the intricate connection between mind, body, and spirit. My emphasis goes beyond symptom relief, delving into the root causes of mental well-being. By integrating diverse therapeutic modalities, lifestyle adjustments, and mindfulness techniques, I strive to facilitate a well-rounded healing experience. My goal is to empower individuals on a journey toward balance, resilience, and lasting mental health.
My expertise lies in working with those dealing with ADHD, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, OCD and more.
In my mental health practice, I advocate for a holistic treatment approach, recognizing the intricate connection between mind, body, and spirit. My emphasis goes beyond symptom relief, delving into the root causes of mental well-being. By integrating diverse therapeutic modalities, lifestyle adjustments, and mindfulness techniques, I strive to facilitate a well-rounded healing experience. My goal is to empower individuals on a journey toward balance, resilience, and lasting mental health.
(657) 571-6893 View (657) 571-6893
Photo of Guylene Joseph, NP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Guylene Joseph
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94603  (Online Only)
She treats adult clients for all types of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorders, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety, and insomnia.
Guylene Joseph is a Board-Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with extensive training and experience in the field of Behavioral Health. She has over 20 years of experience with the last 7 years as mental health NP. Her goal is to provide compassionate care and to partner with you to meet your wellness goal. She uses a holistic approach to care. She believes every patient deserves the best care. "I'm passionate about creating welcoming environment where my patients feel comfortable and safe to share their story. "
She treats adult clients for all types of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorders, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety, and insomnia.
Guylene Joseph is a Board-Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with extensive training and experience in the field of Behavioral Health. She has over 20 years of experience with the last 7 years as mental health NP. Her goal is to provide compassionate care and to partner with you to meet your wellness goal. She uses a holistic approach to care. She believes every patient deserves the best care. "I'm passionate about creating welcoming environment where my patients feel comfortable and safe to share their story. "
(424) 424-8911 View (424) 424-8911
Photo of Ike Uzowulu, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Ike Uzowulu
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
I am a board-certified family psychiatric nurse practitioner. I have a master's degree in psychiatric nursing specializing in mental and behavioral health medicine. I have verifiable experience in treating variety of psychiatric disorders such as; mood disorders including resistant depression, eating disorders, ADHD, OCD, PTSD, schizophrenia, stress and sleep related disorders.
I am a board-certified family psychiatric nurse practitioner. I have a master's degree in psychiatric nursing specializing in mental and behavioral health medicine. I have verifiable experience in treating variety of psychiatric disorders such as; mood disorders including resistant depression, eating disorders, ADHD, OCD, PTSD, schizophrenia, stress and sleep related disorders.
(858) 221-9527 View (858) 221-9527
Photo of Angelica Luciano, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Angelica Luciano
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Alameda, CA 94501  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Angelica Luciano. I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I was licensed in 2017. I use a bio-psycho-social framework. Understanding that psychiatric illnesses may have biological causes, the effects of certain medications, or genetic predisposition. I incorporate multiple modalities, including medication management, education, and brief supportive therapeutic interventions to treat you as a unique individual and not a textbook. I treat adults, typically between the ages of 18-60, for a broad range of psychiatric conditions, with a particular interest in anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, and PTSD.
Hello, my name is Angelica Luciano. I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I was licensed in 2017. I use a bio-psycho-social framework. Understanding that psychiatric illnesses may have biological causes, the effects of certain medications, or genetic predisposition. I incorporate multiple modalities, including medication management, education, and brief supportive therapeutic interventions to treat you as a unique individual and not a textbook. I treat adults, typically between the ages of 18-60, for a broad range of psychiatric conditions, with a particular interest in anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, and PTSD.
(424) 424-8911 View (424) 424-8911
Photo of Dave Auluck - The Focus Doc, MD, Psychiatrist
The Focus Doc
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
specializes in treating cognitive issues related to ADHD, Anxiety, Brain Fog, Depression, OCD, and PTSD.
Dr. Dave Auluck, M.D. is a 3rd generation physician, 2nd generation psychiatrist, and physician educator. He is passionate about improving the mental health treatment experience. His mission is to ensure personalized, industry-leading, preeminent care is accessible and affordable. He has worked with thousands of patients over the years and overseen program development for tens of thousands of others. He truly understands there is no "one size fits all" approach.
specializes in treating cognitive issues related to ADHD, Anxiety, Brain Fog, Depression, OCD, and PTSD.
Dr. Dave Auluck, M.D. is a 3rd generation physician, 2nd generation psychiatrist, and physician educator. He is passionate about improving the mental health treatment experience. His mission is to ensure personalized, industry-leading, preeminent care is accessible and affordable. He has worked with thousands of patients over the years and overseen program development for tens of thousands of others. He truly understands there is no "one size fits all" approach.
(341) 444-2317 View (341) 444-2317
Photo of Adrienne Marks, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Adrienne Marks
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601
I am a Board-Certified, Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) with a focus on managing care for patients with anxiety, depression, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( OCD). I have a passion for LGBTQ and SGM health and have a dual certification as a Family Nurse Practitioner. I have always loved talking with people one-on-one and hearing their stories. Starting my nursing career in cardiology, I found myself taking the time to listen to patient’s fears and worries. In these moments, I saw how vital mental health was in conjunction with physical health, and went back to school to study psychiatric mental health.
I am a Board-Certified, Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) with a focus on managing care for patients with anxiety, depression, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( OCD). I have a passion for LGBTQ and SGM health and have a dual certification as a Family Nurse Practitioner. I have always loved talking with people one-on-one and hearing their stories. Starting my nursing career in cardiology, I found myself taking the time to listen to patient’s fears and worries. In these moments, I saw how vital mental health was in conjunction with physical health, and went back to school to study psychiatric mental health.
(628) 313-5742 View (628) 313-5742
Photo of Bradley Engwall, MD, Psychiatrist
Bradley Engwall
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Piedmont, CA 94611
It has revolutionized lives of my patients struggling with Autism, ADHD, OCD and executive functioning deficits.
I'm a board-certified, integrative pediatric and adult psychiatrist. I work with people interested in targetting root causes of suffering as much as possible. We know that for many, the roots can be psychological and in brain connections/wiring. New therapies allow us to target both of these more than ever.: Neurofeedback, TMS, Genetic and EEG markers that can personalize lifestyle, supplement and medication treatment. When properly used in the right setting, ketamine is known to dramatically speed up psychotherapy progress.
It has revolutionized lives of my patients struggling with Autism, ADHD, OCD and executive functioning deficits.
I'm a board-certified, integrative pediatric and adult psychiatrist. I work with people interested in targetting root causes of suffering as much as possible. We know that for many, the roots can be psychological and in brain connections/wiring. New therapies allow us to target both of these more than ever.: Neurofeedback, TMS, Genetic and EEG markers that can personalize lifestyle, supplement and medication treatment. When properly used in the right setting, ketamine is known to dramatically speed up psychotherapy progress.
(510) 296-5086 View (510) 296-5086
Photo of Jacqueline Constantino, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Jacqueline Constantino
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
I am a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with dual certification as an adult/gerontology primary care NP and I also obtained my Doctor of Nursing practice degree. I have over 14 years of nursing experience and my goal is to provide compassionate, holistic care to help clients achieve optimal wellness. I am comfortable treating all conditions to include depression, anxiety, insomnia, mood disorders, ADHD, PTSD, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, binge-eating disorder, and weight management.
I am a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with dual certification as an adult/gerontology primary care NP and I also obtained my Doctor of Nursing practice degree. I have over 14 years of nursing experience and my goal is to provide compassionate, holistic care to help clients achieve optimal wellness. I am comfortable treating all conditions to include depression, anxiety, insomnia, mood disorders, ADHD, PTSD, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, binge-eating disorder, and weight management.
(951) 484-1245 View (951) 484-1245
Photo of Farah Khan, MD, FAPA, Psychiatrist
Farah Khan
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
Verified Verified
San Ramon, CA 94583
My areas of expertise include Anxiety and Panic disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, Depression, Mood disorders, and Women's issues.
Welcome! I am pleased to have you consider my practice for your psychiatric health care needs. I am licensed to practice medicine by the California State Medical Board, and am board-certified in Psychiatry by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. After receiving my medical degree from Sindh Medical College, I completed my Psychiatry Residency from Bergen Regional Medical Center in Paramus, NJ. I have been practicing psychiatry in California since 2003.
My areas of expertise include Anxiety and Panic disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, Depression, Mood disorders, and Women's issues.
Welcome! I am pleased to have you consider my practice for your psychiatric health care needs. I am licensed to practice medicine by the California State Medical Board, and am board-certified in Psychiatry by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. After receiving my medical degree from Sindh Medical College, I completed my Psychiatry Residency from Bergen Regional Medical Center in Paramus, NJ. I have been practicing psychiatry in California since 2003.
(925) 393-0274 View (925) 393-0274
Photo of Halee Fullerton, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Halee Fullerton
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607  (Online Only)
My name is Halee Fullerton. I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner that has worked in various settings. I specialize in medication management. I offer a personalized, holistic, evidence-based approach to the treatment of mental health and addiction disorders. My specific interests are treating depression, trauma/PTSD, anxiety, and addiction disorders in children/adolescents and young adults.
My name is Halee Fullerton. I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner that has worked in various settings. I specialize in medication management. I offer a personalized, holistic, evidence-based approach to the treatment of mental health and addiction disorders. My specific interests are treating depression, trauma/PTSD, anxiety, and addiction disorders in children/adolescents and young adults.
(424) 424-8911 View (424) 424-8911
Photo of Sauntrice O'Quin, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Sauntrice O'Quin
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94603  (Online Only)
My name is Sauntrice O'Quin, I've been in the social service field for over two decades. I've been a Psychiatric Nurse practitioner for 4 years. I have a non-judgmental approach to the clients I serve, and I believe that everyone has the right to live life to their fullest potential. I treat a diverse group of patients. I have both inpatient and outpatient experience. I treat mood disorders, anxiety, schizoaffective disorder, ADHD, and substance use disorder.
My name is Sauntrice O'Quin, I've been in the social service field for over two decades. I've been a Psychiatric Nurse practitioner for 4 years. I have a non-judgmental approach to the clients I serve, and I believe that everyone has the right to live life to their fullest potential. I treat a diverse group of patients. I have both inpatient and outpatient experience. I treat mood disorders, anxiety, schizoaffective disorder, ADHD, and substance use disorder.
(619) 815-1922 View (619) 815-1922

See more therapy options for San Leandro

Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Psychiatrists

How long does OCD treatment take?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often treated on a weekly or twice-weekly schedule, depending on symptom severity and the client’s preferences. Some clients may start to see a noticeable improvement in symptoms in as little as six weeks, but it’s also possible, especially in more severe cases, for treatment to take several months to a year before significant progress is made.

What happens if OCD is not treated?

Some people with OCD, especially those with mild symptoms, may find that they are able to adapt reasonably well to life with the condition, even if their symptoms never resolve completely. However, many people, particularly those whose symptoms are severe at the outset, find that their obsessions and compulsions grow more intrusive with time, making it harder to maintain relationships, hold down a job, or navigate the world successfully.

Are there medications for OCD?

Medication can be used to treat OCD. The class of drugs most often prescribed are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which include fluvoxamine (under the brand name Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft), among others. In cases of treatment-resistant OCD, other classes of medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants or atypical antipsychotics, may be prescribed. Medication is frequently used in conjunction with therapy.

Can OCD come back after treatment?

Yes. Major life transitions, periods of stress, or other factors can cause symptoms to return or, if they were never fully eradicated, to ramp back up in intensity. For some, these relapses are brief and do not require additional treatment; identifying specific triggers and practicing the skills learned in therapy can help speed their course. For others, returning to therapy for a brief period can help address the underlying stress and strengthen coping mechanisms.