Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Psychiatrists in Ontario, CA

Photo of Erin Jenkins, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Erin Jenkins
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Ontario, CA 91761  (Online Only)
I am a licensed Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I am also dual certified in Family Medicine. Throughout my nearly 24 year career in medicine my focus has been in helping people through their most difficult challenges.
I am a licensed Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I am also dual certified in Family Medicine. Throughout my nearly 24 year career in medicine my focus has been in helping people through their most difficult challenges.
(909) 365-2117 View (909) 365-2117
Photo of Karen Schaaf, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Karen Schaaf
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Ontario, CA 91761  (Online Only)
Karen is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP-BC). She is passionate about providing quality, compassionate, and comprehensive mental health services to adolescents and adults.
Karen is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP-BC). She is passionate about providing quality, compassionate, and comprehensive mental health services to adolescents and adults.
(858) 544-3133 View (858) 544-3133
Photo of Amarachi Igwe, NP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Amarachi Igwe
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Ontario, CA 91761
I know it took a lot of courage to get to this point. I am here to listen and help you. Are you struggling with episodes of mood swings ? Do you feel you get anxious easily for nothing in particular ? Do you have fears that lead you to do repetitive behaviors ? I’m here to help you. My practice which is calm corner mental health was founded for the sole purpose of providing a calm and safe place to seek help for mental health needs and treatment.
I know it took a lot of courage to get to this point. I am here to listen and help you. Are you struggling with episodes of mood swings ? Do you feel you get anxious easily for nothing in particular ? Do you have fears that lead you to do repetitive behaviors ? I’m here to help you. My practice which is calm corner mental health was founded for the sole purpose of providing a calm and safe place to seek help for mental health needs and treatment.
(858) 648-5861 View (858) 648-5861
Photo of Daniel Mattox, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Daniel Mattox
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Ontario, CA 91761  (Online Only)
Text: (619) 613-2791 for quickest response. As an experienced Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), I provide high-quality mental healthcare services to patients through telemedicine. With a strong background in both nursing and psychiatry, I possess the necessary skills and expertise to diagnose and treat a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and specialize in ADHD. Please note that I offer medication management for clients as another tool to help improve your mental health. Looking forward to meeting you and making some life improvements.
Text: (619) 613-2791 for quickest response. As an experienced Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), I provide high-quality mental healthcare services to patients through telemedicine. With a strong background in both nursing and psychiatry, I possess the necessary skills and expertise to diagnose and treat a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and specialize in ADHD. Please note that I offer medication management for clients as another tool to help improve your mental health. Looking forward to meeting you and making some life improvements.
(562) 600-5486 View (562) 600-5486
Photo of Roxanne Flaherty, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Roxanne Flaherty
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Ontario, CA 91761
I am a dually board certified and doctorally prepared Psychiatric and Family Medicine Nurse Practitioner who specializes in psychiatric evaluations, medication management and therapeutic support of patients diagnosed with (but not limited to) Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Insomnia, and other mood disorders.
I am a dually board certified and doctorally prepared Psychiatric and Family Medicine Nurse Practitioner who specializes in psychiatric evaluations, medication management and therapeutic support of patients diagnosed with (but not limited to) Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Insomnia, and other mood disorders.
(858) 365-8726 View (858) 365-8726
Photo of Emily Palacio, DNP, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, FNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Emily Palacio
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
Ontario, CA 91761  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Emily Palacio. I am bilingual. I speak English and Spanish. I am dually board certified as a doctoral-prepared psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner and a family nurse practitioner in California. I have been in the medical field for over 20 years. I have 4 years of medication management experience and 1 year of experience in therapy training. I was an emergency department nurse for 17 years and have been practicing as a family nurse practitioner at Kaiser Permanente in family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology specialties.
Welcome! My name is Emily Palacio. I am bilingual. I speak English and Spanish. I am dually board certified as a doctoral-prepared psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner and a family nurse practitioner in California. I have been in the medical field for over 20 years. I have 4 years of medication management experience and 1 year of experience in therapy training. I was an emergency department nurse for 17 years and have been practicing as a family nurse practitioner at Kaiser Permanente in family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology specialties.
(858) 808-2957 View (858) 808-2957

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Heather Case - Agno Health, Psychiatric Nurse
Agno Health
Psychiatric Nurse
Verified Verified
Montclair, CA 91763  (Online Only)
Hi - I'm looking forward to meeting you! I have over 30 years experience helping people of all ages with depression, anxiety, substance use disorders and other chronic conditions... I use techniques like CBT, DBT, and Behavioral activation in solution focused sessions. Let's have a free introductory session to get to know each other!
Hi - I'm looking forward to meeting you! I have over 30 years experience helping people of all ages with depression, anxiety, substance use disorders and other chronic conditions... I use techniques like CBT, DBT, and Behavioral activation in solution focused sessions. Let's have a free introductory session to get to know each other!
(737) 378-8099 View (737) 378-8099
Photo of Ariane Djeussoung, DNP, PMHNP, FNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Ariane Djeussoung
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upland, CA 91784
Hello, I am Dr. Ariane Djeussoung, DNP, PMHNP, FNP, BC a dual board-certified Psychiatry-Mental Health and Family Nurse Practitioner with many years of healthcare experience. I have dedicated the past 8 years to providing compassionate care to cancer patients and their families; a community close to my heart. I believe in addressing not just the symptoms but also the root causes of mental health issues. By integrating conventional psychiatric care to holistic approaches, I aim to promote your overall well-being and empower you on your journey to mental health recovery and resilience.
Hello, I am Dr. Ariane Djeussoung, DNP, PMHNP, FNP, BC a dual board-certified Psychiatry-Mental Health and Family Nurse Practitioner with many years of healthcare experience. I have dedicated the past 8 years to providing compassionate care to cancer patients and their families; a community close to my heart. I believe in addressing not just the symptoms but also the root causes of mental health issues. By integrating conventional psychiatric care to holistic approaches, I aim to promote your overall well-being and empower you on your journey to mental health recovery and resilience.
(626) 649-3268 View (626) 649-3268
Photo of Maricela Tonie Beltran, MD, MPH, Psychiatrist
Maricela Tonie Beltran
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
I run a cash pay integrative psychiatry and psychotherapy practice and am dedicated to nurturing whole-body health and wellness in my patients. I was born in Long Beach, California, where I was raised by immigrant parents from Mexico, instilling in me a profound appreciation for the interconnectedness of culture and mental heath. Central to my practice is the belief that true healing encompasses the totality of the individual, honoring their unique journey. I strive to create a collaborative and nurturing space where patients feel truly heard and are empowered to explore various avenues of healing.
I run a cash pay integrative psychiatry and psychotherapy practice and am dedicated to nurturing whole-body health and wellness in my patients. I was born in Long Beach, California, where I was raised by immigrant parents from Mexico, instilling in me a profound appreciation for the interconnectedness of culture and mental heath. Central to my practice is the belief that true healing encompasses the totality of the individual, honoring their unique journey. I strive to create a collaborative and nurturing space where patients feel truly heard and are empowered to explore various avenues of healing.
(949) 779-8588 View (949) 779-8588
Photo of Gladys Obeng - Adom Telepsychiatry and Mental Health Services, DNP,  BSN, RN, PMHNP-C, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Adom Telepsychiatry and Mental Health Services
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, BSN, RN, PMHNP-C
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
At Adom Telepsychiatry and Mental Health Services, your satisfaction and overall outcome in attaining the highest quality of life is our utmost concern. We, therefore, ensure you receive individualized patient-centered care with respect and dignity while at the same time acknowledging your input and preferences. To promote your full participation in your care, we have made every effort to improve communication and avoid barriers that may impede the process of effective communication. ​
At Adom Telepsychiatry and Mental Health Services, your satisfaction and overall outcome in attaining the highest quality of life is our utmost concern. We, therefore, ensure you receive individualized patient-centered care with respect and dignity while at the same time acknowledging your input and preferences. To promote your full participation in your care, we have made every effort to improve communication and avoid barriers that may impede the process of effective communication. ​
(951) 245-3558 View (951) 245-3558
Photo of Mottsin Thomas, MD, Psychiatrist
Mottsin Thomas
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
(951) 261-8669 View (951) 261-8669
Photo of Darlene Alugbue, APRN, MSN, PMHNP, -BC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Darlene Alugbue
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, MSN, PMHNP, -BC
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
There’s so much to enjoy about life, and yet mental health symptoms often get in the way. Sometimes there’s an imbalance in your brain chemistry, and other times trauma or current circumstances are to blame. Either way, it’s not your fault if you’re suffering from depression, anxiety, debilitating grief, or other challenges. However, you do have the power to find the care you need to feel better. As a nurse practitioner I offer emotional support, medication management, and therapy to help you overcome problems that are holding you back. Together we can help you change course towards a more peaceful, meaningful, and enjoyable life.
There’s so much to enjoy about life, and yet mental health symptoms often get in the way. Sometimes there’s an imbalance in your brain chemistry, and other times trauma or current circumstances are to blame. Either way, it’s not your fault if you’re suffering from depression, anxiety, debilitating grief, or other challenges. However, you do have the power to find the care you need to feel better. As a nurse practitioner I offer emotional support, medication management, and therapy to help you overcome problems that are holding you back. Together we can help you change course towards a more peaceful, meaningful, and enjoyable life.
(951) 944-2432 View (951) 944-2432
Photo of Dr. Taiye Owareye Osawe - Salvage Psychiatry , DNP, APRN, PMHNP-C, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Salvage Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNP-C
Verified Verified
Montclair, CA 91763
Dr. Taiye Osawe is a highly skilled Doctor of Nursing Practice and a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with over 30 years of clinical experience. As the CEO of Salvage Psychiatry, she brings a wealth of expertise in providing top-notch mental health care. Dr. Osawe specializes in working with all populations and has extensive experience in addressing a wide range of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar, ADHD, PTSD etc. At Salvage Psychiatry, clients find a supportive community of mental health experts offering personalized, compassionate, affordable, and high-quality services.
Dr. Taiye Osawe is a highly skilled Doctor of Nursing Practice and a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner with over 30 years of clinical experience. As the CEO of Salvage Psychiatry, she brings a wealth of expertise in providing top-notch mental health care. Dr. Osawe specializes in working with all populations and has extensive experience in addressing a wide range of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar, ADHD, PTSD etc. At Salvage Psychiatry, clients find a supportive community of mental health experts offering personalized, compassionate, affordable, and high-quality services.
(747) 298-5333 View (747) 298-5333

Online Psychiatrists

Photo of Je Deuk Ko, MD, PhD, Psychiatrist
Je Deuk Ko
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90024
I take on the tradition of detailed discovery of your issues and turn it around to supporting you in how best to reach your emotional, relational, and cognitive potentials. I am versatile in, and offer, various treatment approaches such as DBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and psychodynamic therapy, as well as prescribing medications. I discuss the details of my Psycho-Bio-Social model integrated formulations before answering the scientific and functional rationales behind my recommendations. I believe the process of discovering your functional goal is the most important part of the process.
I take on the tradition of detailed discovery of your issues and turn it around to supporting you in how best to reach your emotional, relational, and cognitive potentials. I am versatile in, and offer, various treatment approaches such as DBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and psychodynamic therapy, as well as prescribing medications. I discuss the details of my Psycho-Bio-Social model integrated formulations before answering the scientific and functional rationales behind my recommendations. I believe the process of discovering your functional goal is the most important part of the process.
(310) 693-5837 View (310) 693-5837
Photo of Markus Ploesser - Open Mind Health, MD, Psychiatrist
Open Mind Health
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
Our team of experts are experienced in a multitude of evidence-guided modalities, including medication management, CBT, EMDR, DBT, among many others utilizing telehealth.
Emotional challenges and mental illness do not discriminate. No matter your race, orientation, gender, or religion, you matter. We at Open Mind Health offer a diverse group of providers who specialize in helping others find relief from a full spectrum of challenges. We offer 21 customized Wellness Tracks that address core symptoms, core life domains, & diverse populations to get the roots of emotional challenges – no one-size fits all or band aid approaches. We assess and advance your Personal Evolution so that you can become your best self. 96% of our clients rate their experience with Open Mind Health as Excellent or Very Good.
Our team of experts are experienced in a multitude of evidence-guided modalities, including medication management, CBT, EMDR, DBT, among many others utilizing telehealth.
Emotional challenges and mental illness do not discriminate. No matter your race, orientation, gender, or religion, you matter. We at Open Mind Health offer a diverse group of providers who specialize in helping others find relief from a full spectrum of challenges. We offer 21 customized Wellness Tracks that address core symptoms, core life domains, & diverse populations to get the roots of emotional challenges – no one-size fits all or band aid approaches. We assess and advance your Personal Evolution so that you can become your best self. 96% of our clients rate their experience with Open Mind Health as Excellent or Very Good.
(619) 949-0858 View (619) 949-0858
Photo of Dr. Angel Aguilera, MD, Psychiatrist
Dr. Angel Aguilera
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valencia, CA 91354  (Online Only)
With expertise in medication management and psychotherapy, including CBT, DBT, Prolonged Exposure, and ISTDP, I provide personalized, evidence-based treatment to help you reach your goals.
As a bilingual psychiatrist trained at LAC + USC, I'm dedicated to supporting clients in overcoming mental health challenges like anxiety, depression, and trauma. With expertise in diagnosing and treating diverse psychiatric conditions, I offer personalized, high-quality care that addresses individual needs for emotional wellbeing.
With expertise in medication management and psychotherapy, including CBT, DBT, Prolonged Exposure, and ISTDP, I provide personalized, evidence-based treatment to help you reach your goals.
As a bilingual psychiatrist trained at LAC + USC, I'm dedicated to supporting clients in overcoming mental health challenges like anxiety, depression, and trauma. With expertise in diagnosing and treating diverse psychiatric conditions, I offer personalized, high-quality care that addresses individual needs for emotional wellbeing.
(661) 465-3403 View (661) 465-3403
Photo of Dr. Steven Siragusa, DO, Psychiatrist
Dr. Steven Siragusa
Psychiatrist, DO
Verified Verified
Studio City, CA 91604
I specialize in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry with a focus on cutting-edge, evidenced-based mental healthcare. I am experienced in the diagnosis and treatment depression, anxiety, ADHD, autism, bipolar, psychosis, substance use, and PTSD. As a child and adolescent psychiatrist, I employ a neurodevelopmental, family-centered treatment approach with shared decision-making and collaboration of care. I employ a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches such as mindfulness, cognitive, and dialectical behavioral therapies which are specifically tailored to each patient's needs and therapeutic goals.
I specialize in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry with a focus on cutting-edge, evidenced-based mental healthcare. I am experienced in the diagnosis and treatment depression, anxiety, ADHD, autism, bipolar, psychosis, substance use, and PTSD. As a child and adolescent psychiatrist, I employ a neurodevelopmental, family-centered treatment approach with shared decision-making and collaboration of care. I employ a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches such as mindfulness, cognitive, and dialectical behavioral therapies which are specifically tailored to each patient's needs and therapeutic goals.
(323) 375-2497 View (323) 375-2497
Photo of James Rounds, MSN,  PMHNP-, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
James Rounds
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP-
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
His approach integrates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), and gender-affirmative medical readiness evaluations, ensuring comprehensive and personalized care.
James Rounds, PMHNP specializes in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma, with a particular focus on serving the LGBTQIA+ community. His practice in California is rooted in a holistic approach, combining empathetic and tailored care to address both symptoms and underlying causes. James creates a safe, affirming space for individuals, guiding them toward resilience, healing, and personal growth. James is passionate about addressing ADHD, bipolar disorder, and PTSD/trauma. He utilizes individual therapy, medication management, and TMS to support his patients' diverse needs.
His approach integrates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), and gender-affirmative medical readiness evaluations, ensuring comprehensive and personalized care.
James Rounds, PMHNP specializes in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma, with a particular focus on serving the LGBTQIA+ community. His practice in California is rooted in a holistic approach, combining empathetic and tailored care to address both symptoms and underlying causes. James creates a safe, affirming space for individuals, guiding them toward resilience, healing, and personal growth. James is passionate about addressing ADHD, bipolar disorder, and PTSD/trauma. He utilizes individual therapy, medication management, and TMS to support his patients' diverse needs.
(424) 319-1315 View (424) 319-1315
Photo of Dr. Trung (Jack) Duong, MD, Psychiatrist
Dr. Trung (Jack) Duong
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90095
This may include cognitive-behavioral techniques, DBT, and other evidence-based interventions.
Hi! I am Dr. Duong (pronounce yoo-ung), a board-certified psychiatrist with a passion for integrating traditional psychiatric practices with holistic and complementary therapies. My practice is rooted in the belief that mental health is a multifaceted journey that requires a comprehensive and personalized approach. My specialty is in mood and personality disorders, complex trauma, anxiety/ADHD, and Asian American/BIPOC & LGTBQ+ mental health. My goal is to empower your authentic self and optimize your mental health journey so that you can lead a more fulfilling life.
This may include cognitive-behavioral techniques, DBT, and other evidence-based interventions.
Hi! I am Dr. Duong (pronounce yoo-ung), a board-certified psychiatrist with a passion for integrating traditional psychiatric practices with holistic and complementary therapies. My practice is rooted in the belief that mental health is a multifaceted journey that requires a comprehensive and personalized approach. My specialty is in mood and personality disorders, complex trauma, anxiety/ADHD, and Asian American/BIPOC & LGTBQ+ mental health. My goal is to empower your authentic self and optimize your mental health journey so that you can lead a more fulfilling life.
(424) 728-4753 View (424) 728-4753
Photo of Sam Oeur, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, BC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Sam Oeur
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Solana Beach, CA 92075  (Online Only)
As the Founder/President of SSO Nursing, I am CBT & DBT trained and specialize in care for children/teens, the LGBTQ+ community, the Southeast Asian community, the Military/Veteran community, the neurodivergent community, and severe mental illness.
I am a Masters’ prepared Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner providing culturally informed mental health care in populations across the lifespan including children, teens, and adults with complex acute and chronic psychiatric disorders. Our practice, SSO Nursing, offers evidence-based, ethical, and transparent decision-making by being a partner in addressing mental health care in the outpatient telehealth setting.
As the Founder/President of SSO Nursing, I am CBT & DBT trained and specialize in care for children/teens, the LGBTQ+ community, the Southeast Asian community, the Military/Veteran community, the neurodivergent community, and severe mental illness.
I am a Masters’ prepared Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner providing culturally informed mental health care in populations across the lifespan including children, teens, and adults with complex acute and chronic psychiatric disorders. Our practice, SSO Nursing, offers evidence-based, ethical, and transparent decision-making by being a partner in addressing mental health care in the outpatient telehealth setting.
(707) 760-0810 View (707) 760-0810
Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Psychiatrists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.