Chronic Pain Psychiatrists in Marin County, CA

Photo of undefined - Hope Integrative Psychiatry, MD, Psychiatrist
Hope Integrative Psychiatry
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mill Valley, CA 94941
If you would like to make an appointment or ask further questions you can also email us at admin@hopepsychiatry.com. Hope was founded to offer a more natural and complete way of helping people recover from mental illness. Blending together insights from the emerging sciences of Interpersonal Neurobiology and Evolutionary Psychology with more ancient practices that have evidence like Mindfulness,Breathwork and Yoga, we focus on shifting people’s consciousness from a disease model to one that empowers our innate capacity to heal and find meaning in our struggle towards wholeness and optimal health.
If you would like to make an appointment or ask further questions you can also email us at admin@hopepsychiatry.com. Hope was founded to offer a more natural and complete way of helping people recover from mental illness. Blending together insights from the emerging sciences of Interpersonal Neurobiology and Evolutionary Psychology with more ancient practices that have evidence like Mindfulness,Breathwork and Yoga, we focus on shifting people’s consciousness from a disease model to one that empowers our innate capacity to heal and find meaning in our struggle towards wholeness and optimal health.
(747) 205-1878 View (747) 205-1878
Photo of undefined - Walter E B Sipe MD, MD, Psychiatrist
Walter E B Sipe MD
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mill Valley, CA 94941
As a psychiatrist, I specialize in providing care and alleviating the suffering associated with trauma, depression, anxiety, and chronic pain states in young people and adults. I take an integrated approach to your care, combining mindfulness approaches based on meditative practices with more traditional psychotherapy and--where appropriate--careful use of medications and supplements. My commitment is that your therapy make a profound difference in the areas of your life that are most important to you.
As a psychiatrist, I specialize in providing care and alleviating the suffering associated with trauma, depression, anxiety, and chronic pain states in young people and adults. I take an integrated approach to your care, combining mindfulness approaches based on meditative practices with more traditional psychotherapy and--where appropriate--careful use of medications and supplements. My commitment is that your therapy make a profound difference in the areas of your life that are most important to you.
(415) 799-4161 View (415) 799-4161
Photo of Paul Abramson, MD, Psychiatrist
Paul Abramson
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mill Valley, CA 94941
We are available to help you figure out if we are the right treatment program for you, and have kind compassion for those suffering from any kind of illness.
Paul Abramson MD is board certified in Addiction Medicine and Family Medicine (He is not a Psychiatrist). He specializes in the treatment of addiction, mental health and physical health utilizing his small and expert team - medical doctors and psychotherapists. Our methods are evidence based, outpatient and efficient. Dr. Abramson is a graduate of Stanford and UCSF and has specific expertise in the treatment of opioid addiction, alcohol use disorders, and benzodiazepine dependency (with Ashton-style slow tapers). My Doctor Medical Group is a top concierge medical practice in San Francisco.
We are available to help you figure out if we are the right treatment program for you, and have kind compassion for those suffering from any kind of illness.
Paul Abramson MD is board certified in Addiction Medicine and Family Medicine (He is not a Psychiatrist). He specializes in the treatment of addiction, mental health and physical health utilizing his small and expert team - medical doctors and psychotherapists. Our methods are evidence based, outpatient and efficient. Dr. Abramson is a graduate of Stanford and UCSF and has specific expertise in the treatment of opioid addiction, alcohol use disorders, and benzodiazepine dependency (with Ashton-style slow tapers). My Doctor Medical Group is a top concierge medical practice in San Francisco.
(415) 483-1528 View (415) 483-1528
Photo of Sarah Udor, PMHNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Sarah Udor
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sausalito, CA 94965
Greetings. I am Sarah, an experienced Nurse Practitioner with a focus on primary care and psychiatric mental health. My expertise is in delivering comprehensive healthcare that addresses both physical and psychological aspects of wellness. In my practice, I prioritize a holistic understanding of each patient, acknowledging the intricate interplay between body and mind.
Greetings. I am Sarah, an experienced Nurse Practitioner with a focus on primary care and psychiatric mental health. My expertise is in delivering comprehensive healthcare that addresses both physical and psychological aspects of wellness. In my practice, I prioritize a holistic understanding of each patient, acknowledging the intricate interplay between body and mind.
(415) 236-5604 View (415) 236-5604
Photo of Theresa Carla Negrido Johnson, PMHNP-B, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Theresa Carla Negrido Johnson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-B
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Novato, CA 94945
I specialize in medication management. I work with individuals dealing with mood dysregulation, depression, anxiety, intrusive thoughts, and attention issues. My goal is to support you in understanding and managing your mental health in a compassionate and holistic way.
I specialize in medication management. I work with individuals dealing with mood dysregulation, depression, anxiety, intrusive thoughts, and attention issues. My goal is to support you in understanding and managing your mental health in a compassionate and holistic way.
(415) 300-1669 View (415) 300-1669
Photo of Max Burns, MD, Psychiatrist
Max Burns
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, CA 94930
I offer evidence based psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. My therapy approach is a mix of genuine humanism, evidence based (CBT, DBT. RO-DBT) strategies and mindfulness. I strive to be validating, non-judgmental and warm while collaboratively helping you get the tools you need to reach your valued-goals in life.
I offer evidence based psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. My therapy approach is a mix of genuine humanism, evidence based (CBT, DBT. RO-DBT) strategies and mindfulness. I strive to be validating, non-judgmental and warm while collaboratively helping you get the tools you need to reach your valued-goals in life.
(650) 239-6279 View (650) 239-6279
Photo of Ravi Chandra, MD, DFAPA, Psychiatrist
Ravi Chandra
Psychiatrist, MD, DFAPA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sausalito, CA 94965
Experience, insight, integrity, depth, support. I specialize in understanding you and what's happening: your culture, current dilemmas, patterns, strengths, interests, relationships, life history, and visions of yourself and the world. Our work will be tailored to fit your individual needs, through therapy, medications, or both. I have advanced training and interest in depth work, including psychodynamic and mindfulness approaches. The goal is to help you cope with life, grow, enjoy fulfilling relationships, achieve your potential and develop resilience. Board Certified Distinguished Fellow of the APA, active writer, and member of Asian American committee of the Northern California Psychiatric Society.
Experience, insight, integrity, depth, support. I specialize in understanding you and what's happening: your culture, current dilemmas, patterns, strengths, interests, relationships, life history, and visions of yourself and the world. Our work will be tailored to fit your individual needs, through therapy, medications, or both. I have advanced training and interest in depth work, including psychodynamic and mindfulness approaches. The goal is to help you cope with life, grow, enjoy fulfilling relationships, achieve your potential and develop resilience. Board Certified Distinguished Fellow of the APA, active writer, and member of Asian American committee of the Northern California Psychiatric Society.
(415) 763-5921 View (415) 763-5921
Photo of Bruce W. Scotton, MD, DLFAPA, CJA, Psychiatrist
Bruce W. Scotton
Psychiatrist, MD, DLFAPA, CJA
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I am especially interested in working with people who see healing their wounds and problems as only one part of an ongoing effort to develop themselves as far as possible. This effort includes development beyond the personal into familial, community, global, and spiritual realms. Seeking to promote this perspective I am the senior editor of Textbook of Transpersonal Psychiatry and Psychology for which we won the Will Solimene Award for Excellence in Medical Communication. This perspective also values learning the accumulated knowledge of other cultures.
I am especially interested in working with people who see healing their wounds and problems as only one part of an ongoing effort to develop themselves as far as possible. This effort includes development beyond the personal into familial, community, global, and spiritual realms. Seeking to promote this perspective I am the senior editor of Textbook of Transpersonal Psychiatry and Psychology for which we won the Will Solimene Award for Excellence in Medical Communication. This perspective also values learning the accumulated knowledge of other cultures.
(650) 924-9400 View (650) 924-9400
Photo of Victor Torres-Collazo, MD, Psychiatrist
Victor Torres-Collazo
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mill Valley, CA 94941  (Online Only)
Victor Torres-Collazo, MD provides specialty psychiatric evaluations, medication management and consultations for adults. He specializes in assessments and treatment of patients with comorbid medical and psychiatric issues. Dr. Torres-Collazo is ABPN board-certified in both General Psychiatry and Consult-Liaison Psychiatry/CLP. He completed fellowship at Georgetown, during which he also trained at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He is very experienced with pharmacogenetic testing, neuropsychiatric issues, complex medical issues and medication management. He is fluent in both English and Spanish.
Victor Torres-Collazo, MD provides specialty psychiatric evaluations, medication management and consultations for adults. He specializes in assessments and treatment of patients with comorbid medical and psychiatric issues. Dr. Torres-Collazo is ABPN board-certified in both General Psychiatry and Consult-Liaison Psychiatry/CLP. He completed fellowship at Georgetown, during which he also trained at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He is very experienced with pharmacogenetic testing, neuropsychiatric issues, complex medical issues and medication management. He is fluent in both English and Spanish.
(415) 943-8248 View (415) 943-8248

Online Psychiatrists

Photo of Beatrice Rabkin, MD, Psychiatrist
Beatrice Rabkin
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Passionate about the complex interplay between medical illness and mental health, I completed specialty fellowship training in consult-liaison psychiatry at Stanford University, with focus on psychosomatic medicine.
Thank you for visiting my profile! I am a board-certified general psychiatrist, working with a variety of patients in my outpatient practice. I have office locations in San Francisco and Palo Alto. While I specialize in medication management, I use a multimodal approach with clients that draws upon psychotherapy, mindfulness work, Yoga psychology, and other integrative practices. For more info about my holistic approach to treatment, here's an informative podcast highlighting my work: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/holistic-psychiatry-dr-beatrice-rabkin-md/id1501515784?i=1000502625263 or https://youtu.be/wJe3t3ZzkNs
Passionate about the complex interplay between medical illness and mental health, I completed specialty fellowship training in consult-liaison psychiatry at Stanford University, with focus on psychosomatic medicine.
Thank you for visiting my profile! I am a board-certified general psychiatrist, working with a variety of patients in my outpatient practice. I have office locations in San Francisco and Palo Alto. While I specialize in medication management, I use a multimodal approach with clients that draws upon psychotherapy, mindfulness work, Yoga psychology, and other integrative practices. For more info about my holistic approach to treatment, here's an informative podcast highlighting my work: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/holistic-psychiatry-dr-beatrice-rabkin-md/id1501515784?i=1000502625263 or https://youtu.be/wJe3t3ZzkNs
(650) 955-0435 View (650) 955-0435
Photo of M Rameen Ghorieshi, MD, MPH, Psychiatrist
M Rameen Ghorieshi
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
I care for patients from the paradigm that mental and physical health are so strongly intertwined that one may not fully achieve either without striving for both. I treat both a vast range of psychiatric conditions and help those who wish to better understand themselves and their relationships. My areas of interest include anxiety, depression, whole body health, coping with medical illness, and addiction medicine. I will formulate a customized treatment plan, which may include psychotherapy, medications, and behavioral techniques, to best care for your condition and meet your needs.
I care for patients from the paradigm that mental and physical health are so strongly intertwined that one may not fully achieve either without striving for both. I treat both a vast range of psychiatric conditions and help those who wish to better understand themselves and their relationships. My areas of interest include anxiety, depression, whole body health, coping with medical illness, and addiction medicine. I will formulate a customized treatment plan, which may include psychotherapy, medications, and behavioral techniques, to best care for your condition and meet your needs.
(650) 204-3479 View (650) 204-3479
Photo of Bryan Hyler, MD, Psychiatrist
Bryan Hyler
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95128
Unfortunately, illicit drugs, pain pill addiction, emotional, physical and sexual traumas are often the springboard for mental conditions that I treat.
My working philosophy is simple, the patient comes first. That said, my approach to medicine is personalized, cordial, with a collaborative relationship and a touch of professional know how. My experience encompasses child, community, veteran and county mental health clinics. I also provide coverage for crisis houses, inpatient units, psychiatric emergency rooms and detention centers. I am a military veteran, UCLA alumni and Clinical Assistant Professor at University of California, Riverside. Call today for a free phone consultation for medication management of opiate addiction, manic, depressive, anxiety, psychotic and cognitive disorders.
Unfortunately, illicit drugs, pain pill addiction, emotional, physical and sexual traumas are often the springboard for mental conditions that I treat.
My working philosophy is simple, the patient comes first. That said, my approach to medicine is personalized, cordial, with a collaborative relationship and a touch of professional know how. My experience encompasses child, community, veteran and county mental health clinics. I also provide coverage for crisis houses, inpatient units, psychiatric emergency rooms and detention centers. I am a military veteran, UCLA alumni and Clinical Assistant Professor at University of California, Riverside. Call today for a free phone consultation for medication management of opiate addiction, manic, depressive, anxiety, psychotic and cognitive disorders.
(760) 840-5284 View (760) 840-5284
Photo of Harriet Walker Roeder, MD, MPH, Psychiatrist
Harriet Walker Roeder
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Verified Verified
Stanford, CA 94305  (Online Only)
I treat patients with a wide variety of medical - psychiatric problems including chronic pain, chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, pscho-oncology issues, and psycho-dermatologic issues.
I am a board-certified psychiatrist, trained in both psychiatry and internal medicine. I specialize in mind-body medicine, which involves understanding the complex interactions between physical and mental health. Stress and other emotional factors have a strong influence on physical health, and similarly, physical symptoms and diagnoses can have a significant impact on mental health. Understanding and treating the mind and body together is an essential step towards wellness.
I treat patients with a wide variety of medical - psychiatric problems including chronic pain, chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, pscho-oncology issues, and psycho-dermatologic issues.
I am a board-certified psychiatrist, trained in both psychiatry and internal medicine. I specialize in mind-body medicine, which involves understanding the complex interactions between physical and mental health. Stress and other emotional factors have a strong influence on physical health, and similarly, physical symptoms and diagnoses can have a significant impact on mental health. Understanding and treating the mind and body together is an essential step towards wellness.
(650) 539-6328 View (650) 539-6328
Photo of Veronica Couture, MD, Psychiatrist
Veronica Couture
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94133  (Online Only)
Life feels overwhelming sometimes. You know that mental health struggles are real, but you’re not sure if what you’re feeling is normal or needs treatment. At the same time, it feels like you’re never doing enough. Exhaustion gets the best of you and then the self-critical thoughts get louder. You deserve a space that is just for you, to find deep healing from anxiety and stress. All are welcome to be seen and heard including those from our BIPOC and LGBTQ+ communities. Many of my patients are struggling with anxiety, experiencing chronic illness or grief, or want to reduce medications while exploring other options for healing.
Life feels overwhelming sometimes. You know that mental health struggles are real, but you’re not sure if what you’re feeling is normal or needs treatment. At the same time, it feels like you’re never doing enough. Exhaustion gets the best of you and then the self-critical thoughts get louder. You deserve a space that is just for you, to find deep healing from anxiety and stress. All are welcome to be seen and heard including those from our BIPOC and LGBTQ+ communities. Many of my patients are struggling with anxiety, experiencing chronic illness or grief, or want to reduce medications while exploring other options for healing.
(628) 277-4619 View (628) 277-4619
Photo of Greer Murphy, MD, PhD, Psychiatrist
Greer Murphy
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
I can help you with: Treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, compulsions, and trauma. Also, insomnia, chronic fatigue, inattention and lack of focus. Memory and other cognitive concerns, even when complicated by agitation. Overuse and dependence on habit-forming prescription and non-prescription substances. Workplace and family issues. Chronic pain and Long COVID mood, energy, and cognitive changes. Nonresponse to medication and psychotherapies given by other providers. I also have decades of experience treating severe mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and psychosis in hospital, outpatient, and residential settings.
I can help you with: Treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, compulsions, and trauma. Also, insomnia, chronic fatigue, inattention and lack of focus. Memory and other cognitive concerns, even when complicated by agitation. Overuse and dependence on habit-forming prescription and non-prescription substances. Workplace and family issues. Chronic pain and Long COVID mood, energy, and cognitive changes. Nonresponse to medication and psychotherapies given by other providers. I also have decades of experience treating severe mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and psychosis in hospital, outpatient, and residential settings.
(650) 629-0909 View (650) 629-0909
Photo of Daniel Smeester, MD, Psychiatrist
Daniel Smeester
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Ramon, CA 94583
We offer a medical model of treatment, evidence-based; and help with any chronic pain, especially back and neck pain and neuropathic pain is available with our addiction-free pain management program.
There IS immediate help for those who are battling substance use disorder. You do not need to wait in the emergency room for help with withdrawal symptoms, or to find help to stop using. We have an outpatient program that provides everything you need, including in-person group counseling and an outpatient detox center. Personalized care. We also have a Telehealth program for those who prefer this. If you are battling pain, our addiction-free pain management program provides expert spine and musculoskeletal care as well as care for neuropathic pain- all non-surgical procedures performed, and of course primarily non-opiate based.
We offer a medical model of treatment, evidence-based; and help with any chronic pain, especially back and neck pain and neuropathic pain is available with our addiction-free pain management program.
There IS immediate help for those who are battling substance use disorder. You do not need to wait in the emergency room for help with withdrawal symptoms, or to find help to stop using. We have an outpatient program that provides everything you need, including in-person group counseling and an outpatient detox center. Personalized care. We also have a Telehealth program for those who prefer this. If you are battling pain, our addiction-free pain management program provides expert spine and musculoskeletal care as well as care for neuropathic pain- all non-surgical procedures performed, and of course primarily non-opiate based.
(925) 267-6853 View (925) 267-6853
Photo of Juliet Morgan, MD, Psychiatrist
Juliet Morgan
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Thank you for your interest in my practice. I am a psychiatrist and neuropsychiatrist working with a variety of clients in-person and over tele-health. I specialize in the integrative treatment of patients with mood and anxiety disorders, ADHD, neuropsychiatric illness, and healing from trauma. I am a board certified neurologist, and understand the complex interplay between the structural “hardware” and emotional “software” in the brain. I have been featured in several media outlets including KQED and CBS for my work with clients with COVID-19 patients. I also teach extensively on neuropsychiatry and neuroanatomy at UCSF.
Thank you for your interest in my practice. I am a psychiatrist and neuropsychiatrist working with a variety of clients in-person and over tele-health. I specialize in the integrative treatment of patients with mood and anxiety disorders, ADHD, neuropsychiatric illness, and healing from trauma. I am a board certified neurologist, and understand the complex interplay between the structural “hardware” and emotional “software” in the brain. I have been featured in several media outlets including KQED and CBS for my work with clients with COVID-19 patients. I also teach extensively on neuropsychiatry and neuroanatomy at UCSF.
(310) 935-0754 View (310) 935-0754
Photo of Paula C Lee, NP, MS, MSW, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Paula C Lee
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP, MS, MSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Hi there, I am a board certified nurse practitioner specialized in psychiatry. I have experience in treating mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, and attention issues. I work primarily with adult individuals.
Hi there, I am a board certified nurse practitioner specialized in psychiatry. I have experience in treating mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, and attention issues. I work primarily with adult individuals.
(415) 943-6395 View (415) 943-6395
Photo of Yang Xu, MD, Psychiatrist
Yang Xu
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301
Accepting New Patients. "Challenges are what make life interesting and overcoming them is what makes life meaningful." I believe that while our patients face mental heath challenges, their own unique personalities and virtues also can help them overcome these difficulties and achieve personal growth through the recovery process. As a psychiatrist, my job is to utilize my knowledge, skills and clinical experience to guide and facilitate this process and make it faster and more fruitful. I am very grateful for the trust of my patient have put in me and the rewarding experience witness their recovery and personal growth.
Accepting New Patients. "Challenges are what make life interesting and overcoming them is what makes life meaningful." I believe that while our patients face mental heath challenges, their own unique personalities and virtues also can help them overcome these difficulties and achieve personal growth through the recovery process. As a psychiatrist, my job is to utilize my knowledge, skills and clinical experience to guide and facilitate this process and make it faster and more fruitful. I am very grateful for the trust of my patient have put in me and the rewarding experience witness their recovery and personal growth.
(650) 727-1523 View (650) 727-1523
Photo of Ruth S Rayikanti, MD, Psychiatrist
Ruth S Rayikanti
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Dr.Ruth Rayikanti, MD. I am an SF native, resident, & currently working as a Psychiatrist & a consultant. I believe the key to being a solid Psychiatrist is to be a human first before any professional degrees or titles. Hence, my most memorable experiences have been with one-to-one patient interactions and just being in that moment as two human beings above anything else. Evidence based treatment medicine is actively integrated into my practice. Highly tailored care with services are fulfilling and meaningful components of my practice. Outside of work, I enjoy traveling, photography, stand up, music & wellness.
Hello! My name is Dr.Ruth Rayikanti, MD. I am an SF native, resident, & currently working as a Psychiatrist & a consultant. I believe the key to being a solid Psychiatrist is to be a human first before any professional degrees or titles. Hence, my most memorable experiences have been with one-to-one patient interactions and just being in that moment as two human beings above anything else. Evidence based treatment medicine is actively integrated into my practice. Highly tailored care with services are fulfilling and meaningful components of my practice. Outside of work, I enjoy traveling, photography, stand up, music & wellness.
(415) 691-4254 View (415) 691-4254

See more therapy options for Marin County

Chronic Pain Psychiatrists

How does chronic pain therapy work?

Engaging with a psychotherapist to help treat chronic pain does not mean that one’s pain is all in their head. Therapy for chronic-pain patients has been shown to benefit both the mind and the body, targeting physical symptoms and increasing daily functioning. In other words, for many, addressing their emotional health through therapy affects their physical health. A therapist can help a client challenge unhelpful thoughts about pain and develop new ways to respond to it, such as distraction or calming breathing techniques. Studies have found that therapy can be as effective as surgery for certain cases of chronic pain and many doctors recommend trying psychotherapy in advance of considering invasive surgery.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic pain?

Stress, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, ruminating, lack of activity, and social withdrawal all make chronic pain worse. Addressing these issues, research shows, can help people gain control over their pain symptoms. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, along with greater pain-management education, have been found to help people reduce fear and disability.

Are there new treatments for chronic pain?

Many cases of chronic pain, particularly those involving back pain, remain medically unexplained. But there is evidence that changes in the brain or nervous system are caused by previous physical ailments such as tissue damage; in such cases, the brain may continue to send out pain signals despite the physical cause having healed. To aid patients under these circumstances, a recently developed treatment known as pain reprocessing therapy (PRT) is designed to help the brain “unlearn” this response. A PRT practitioner helps individuals to reduce the “threat value” of their ongoing pain signals until they can reappraise them as less threatening and fear-inducing. They also help an individual to develop new emotional regulation skills.

How long does therapy for chronic pain take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from chronic pain, especially as there may be a range of physical and psychological causes for any individual’s discomfort, but most patients should expect to see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions. Studies of pain reprocessing therapy found that many individuals’ experience of pain lessened in eight sessions over four weeks.