Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Psychiatrists in Laguna Niguel, CA

Photo of Elias Tsambis, MD, Psychiatrist
Elias Tsambis
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Laguna Niguel, CA 92677
Specializing in evaluation and medication management During these difficult time we are offering phone sessions to our current and new patients 15 min free consultation will be done by lcsw I am a board certified psychiatrist practing for over 35 Years I work with individuals couples and famlies providing therapy evaluations and medication management for the treatment of depression anxiety panic and bipolar disorder. Why suffer needlessly we can help we have a psychiatrist and lcsw
Specializing in evaluation and medication management During these difficult time we are offering phone sessions to our current and new patients 15 min free consultation will be done by lcsw I am a board certified psychiatrist practing for over 35 Years I work with individuals couples and famlies providing therapy evaluations and medication management for the treatment of depression anxiety panic and bipolar disorder. Why suffer needlessly we can help we have a psychiatrist and lcsw
(949) 234-6544 View (949) 234-6544
Photo of Ann Verma - Plant Based Psychiatry, BA, MD, Psychiatrist
Plant Based Psychiatry
Psychiatrist, BA, MD
Verified Verified
Laguna Niguel, CA 92677  (Online Only)
No Insurance Accepted! No In Person Session. My personalized programs address psychiatric conditions such as ADHD, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Autism, ODD, Conduct disorder, Learning disorders, and many others. Patients in my care seek me out to reduce the amount of psychiatric medication they are on or start and continue with non medication options throughout their healing journey. My services provide hope of reducing your symptoms with or without medications which may be causing side effects. This personalized program allows us to get to the root causes of your issues and start a new together towards healthybrains,behavior,emotion.
No Insurance Accepted! No In Person Session. My personalized programs address psychiatric conditions such as ADHD, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Autism, ODD, Conduct disorder, Learning disorders, and many others. Patients in my care seek me out to reduce the amount of psychiatric medication they are on or start and continue with non medication options throughout their healing journey. My services provide hope of reducing your symptoms with or without medications which may be causing side effects. This personalized program allows us to get to the root causes of your issues and start a new together towards healthybrains,behavior,emotion.
(562) 667-2285 View (562) 667-2285
Photo of Alex Sahba - Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba, MD, Psychiatrist
Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Laguna Niguel, CA 92677
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
(310) 984-7145 View (310) 984-7145
Photo of Dr. Alex Sahba - Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba, MD, Psychiatrist
Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Laguna Niguel, CA 92677
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
(949) 868-0916 View (949) 868-0916
Photo of Alex Sahba - Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba, MD, Psychiatrist
Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Laguna Niguel, CA 92677
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
(949) 989-7096 View (949) 989-7096

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Tanya Brosnan | Anxiety Depression Ptsd Assessment | Sgb | Ketamine Therapy, Physician Assistant
Tanya Brosnan | Anxiety Depression Ptsd Assessment | Sgb | Ketamine Therapy
Physician Assistant
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618  (Online Only)
I am a Physician Assistant at Stella Center with sixteen-plus years of experience. We specialize in identifying which innovative medical treatments & virtual therapies can help relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD & TBI. After completing a virtual assessment together that accounts for medical, biological, psychological & social factors, I provide individualized treatment recommendations across our advanced protocols: the dual sympathetic reset (an advanced stellate ganglion block), ketamine infusions, integration therapy, and more. This allows you to feel better faster and maintain long-lasting gains.
I am a Physician Assistant at Stella Center with sixteen-plus years of experience. We specialize in identifying which innovative medical treatments & virtual therapies can help relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD & TBI. After completing a virtual assessment together that accounts for medical, biological, psychological & social factors, I provide individualized treatment recommendations across our advanced protocols: the dual sympathetic reset (an advanced stellate ganglion block), ketamine infusions, integration therapy, and more. This allows you to feel better faster and maintain long-lasting gains.
(949) 832-7913 View (949) 832-7913
Photo of Phuong Tran, DNP, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Phuong Tran
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92657
Dr. Phuong Tran, DNP, PMHNP-BC takes a unique and progressive approach to mental health illnesses. Treatment is personalized, based on evidence research, and encompasses on a myriad of treatment modalities. The influence of three factors: one's past and upbringing, current life situations, and one's genetic makeup, affecting mental illness Being trained and current with the best evidence based medication treatment strategy, he places a strong emphasis on psychosocial, and psychodynamic factors as the foundation of his treatment. Many psychiatric conditions have an underlying biological and genetic component of treatment.
Dr. Phuong Tran, DNP, PMHNP-BC takes a unique and progressive approach to mental health illnesses. Treatment is personalized, based on evidence research, and encompasses on a myriad of treatment modalities. The influence of three factors: one's past and upbringing, current life situations, and one's genetic makeup, affecting mental illness Being trained and current with the best evidence based medication treatment strategy, he places a strong emphasis on psychosocial, and psychodynamic factors as the foundation of his treatment. Many psychiatric conditions have an underlying biological and genetic component of treatment.
(949) 398-2828 View (949) 398-2828
Emily Lippincott
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMNHP
Verified Verified
Laguna Beach, CA 92651  (Online Only)
In network with most insurance carriers. Emily Lippincott is a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and specializes in treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in adults as well as children and adolescents. She works in collaboration with a team of psychiatrists and psychologists in a large group practice that accepts most insurance plans. Championing a whole person approach to health and well-being, she employs a combination of medical and holistic practices into her treatment plans, and believes in an interdisciplinary approach in treating psychological conditions.
In network with most insurance carriers. Emily Lippincott is a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and specializes in treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in adults as well as children and adolescents. She works in collaboration with a team of psychiatrists and psychologists in a large group practice that accepts most insurance plans. Championing a whole person approach to health and well-being, she employs a combination of medical and holistic practices into her treatment plans, and believes in an interdisciplinary approach in treating psychological conditions.
(833) 923-0948 View (833) 923-0948
Photo of Eryn Patchett - Charlie Health, Psychiatrist
Charlie Health
Psychiatrist
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612  (Online Only)
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-ca
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-ca
(949) 528-4981 View (949) 528-4981
Photo of Amanda Seif, MD, Psychiatrist
Amanda Seif
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653  (Online Only)
Dr. Seif is a board certified psychiatrist with a subspecialty in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and integrative mental health. As an integrative psychiatrist, she looks with her patients and looks at the roots of their problems. Instead of addressing the illness itself only, Dr. Seif’s approach is proactive. Her goal is to find the deep cause of the current mental state of her patients, to better understand their thought process and to prevent future illness and setbacks. Dr. Seif’s journey, her education, and her passion for helping others have led her to develop a patient-centered outlook in her line of work.
Dr. Seif is a board certified psychiatrist with a subspecialty in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and integrative mental health. As an integrative psychiatrist, she looks with her patients and looks at the roots of their problems. Instead of addressing the illness itself only, Dr. Seif’s approach is proactive. Her goal is to find the deep cause of the current mental state of her patients, to better understand their thought process and to prevent future illness and setbacks. Dr. Seif’s journey, her education, and her passion for helping others have led her to develop a patient-centered outlook in her line of work.
(949) 635-7149 View (949) 635-7149
Photo of Alex Sahba - Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba, MD, Psychiatrist
Psychiatric Evaluations - Dr. Alex Sahba
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Lake Forest, CA 92630
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
I'm Dr. Alex Sahba, board certified in general psychiatry/forensic psychiatry and trained at UCLA. As a recognized leader in the fields of psychiatry and qualified medical evaluations (QMEs), I am called upon to provide excellent service in various settings, including medical, legal, and academics. I conduct various types of evaluations, including: Legal/Forensics, Risk Assessment (Violence/Sexual), Drug/Alcohol Evals, Cognitive Evals, Competency Evals, Diagnostic Clarification, Fitness For Duty Evals.,​ Pre-employment Evals., Immigration-related Evals., and Workers’ Comp. (QME/AME).
(949) 818-2092 View (949) 818-2092
Photo of Sina Safahieh, MD, Psychiatrist
Sina Safahieh
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mission Viejo, CA 92691
Dr. Sina Safahieh hails from Austin, Texas. He obtained his medical degree from the University of Texas Medical Branch and completed an adult psychiatry residency, and child & adolescent fellowship at UC Irvine. Dr. Safahieh graduated with highest honors with a BBA in Business Management from the University of Texas at Austin. He is currently in private practice with offices in Newport Beach and Mission Viejo. Dr. Safahieh is fluent in Farsi and conversational Spanish
Dr. Sina Safahieh hails from Austin, Texas. He obtained his medical degree from the University of Texas Medical Branch and completed an adult psychiatry residency, and child & adolescent fellowship at UC Irvine. Dr. Safahieh graduated with highest honors with a BBA in Business Management from the University of Texas at Austin. He is currently in private practice with offices in Newport Beach and Mission Viejo. Dr. Safahieh is fluent in Farsi and conversational Spanish
(949) 216-3135 View (949) 216-3135
Photo of Jason Kellogg - Progeny Psychiatric Clinic, DNP, NP, MD, LMFT, Psychiatrist
Progeny Psychiatric Clinic
Psychiatrist, DNP, NP, MD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Dana Point, CA 92629
Ideal clients are those that are dealing with mental health issue, such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, Bi-Polar, and many more. The goal is to help them become stable and function as normal as possible in their daily lives. Patients want to be helped to become independent in society.
Ideal clients are those that are dealing with mental health issue, such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, Bi-Polar, and many more. The goal is to help them become stable and function as normal as possible in their daily lives. Patients want to be helped to become independent in society.
(949) 649-7321 View (949) 649-7321
Photo of Piotr Pelc, DO, MS, Psychiatrist
Piotr Pelc
Psychiatrist, DO, MS
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
I'm Dr. Piotr Pelc, a double board-certified child, adolescent and adult psychiatrist. I serve the families of Newport Beach, Irvine, Huntington Beach, Costa Mesa and other surrounding Orange County cities. I provide medication management, therapy or both. Telepsychiatry appointments are available. I happily coordinate care with therapists. As an osteopathic physician, I promote prevention and whole-person care, emphasizing good work-life balance, diet, and sleep. Please note: I'm out-of-network for all insurances, but I do provide a superbill for reimbursement if you wish to use your insurance coverage.
I'm Dr. Piotr Pelc, a double board-certified child, adolescent and adult psychiatrist. I serve the families of Newport Beach, Irvine, Huntington Beach, Costa Mesa and other surrounding Orange County cities. I provide medication management, therapy or both. Telepsychiatry appointments are available. I happily coordinate care with therapists. As an osteopathic physician, I promote prevention and whole-person care, emphasizing good work-life balance, diet, and sleep. Please note: I'm out-of-network for all insurances, but I do provide a superbill for reimbursement if you wish to use your insurance coverage.
(949) 312-5752 View (949) 312-5752
Photo of Hadi Estakhri, MD, Psychiatrist
Hadi Estakhri
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Newport Coast, CA 92657
Hadi Estakhri, MD — or Dr. E as his patients know him — is a double board-certified, Harvard-trained psychiatrist practicing at Allied Psychiatry and Mental Health in Newport Beach, California. He offers customized, patient-focused treatments to address the unique needs and circumstances of each patient. With more than two decades of professional experience, he has vast proficiency in the mental health field. His expertise is in treating a wide range of psychiatric and addictive disorders in both adult and adolescents.
Hadi Estakhri, MD — or Dr. E as his patients know him — is a double board-certified, Harvard-trained psychiatrist practicing at Allied Psychiatry and Mental Health in Newport Beach, California. He offers customized, patient-focused treatments to address the unique needs and circumstances of each patient. With more than two decades of professional experience, he has vast proficiency in the mental health field. His expertise is in treating a wide range of psychiatric and addictive disorders in both adult and adolescents.
(949) 379-1569 View (949) 379-1569
Photo of Sarit Hovav MD, MD, FAPA, Psychiatrist
Sarit Hovav MD
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
Verified Verified
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675  (Online Only)
Dr. Hovav has a deep understanding of the biological, psychological and social components of mental illness and treats her patients using evidence-based medicine combined with psychotherapy. For treatment-resistant disorders, she is known to think outside the box with creative psychopharmacology. She graduated medical school, completed an internship in Internal Medicine, then a Postdoctoral fellowship at UCLA, and finally a Psychiatry Residency at Creighton Univ. She was previously a Medical Director of Behavioral Medicine and is currently in private practice. She has several publications in leading peer-reviewed medical journals.
Dr. Hovav has a deep understanding of the biological, psychological and social components of mental illness and treats her patients using evidence-based medicine combined with psychotherapy. For treatment-resistant disorders, she is known to think outside the box with creative psychopharmacology. She graduated medical school, completed an internship in Internal Medicine, then a Postdoctoral fellowship at UCLA, and finally a Psychiatry Residency at Creighton Univ. She was previously a Medical Director of Behavioral Medicine and is currently in private practice. She has several publications in leading peer-reviewed medical journals.
(402) 252-3883 View (402) 252-3883
Photo of Tamara O'Nan, PA, Physician Assistant
Tamara O'Nan
Physician Assistant, PA
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92603
Tamara O'Nan is a board-certified psychiatric physician assistant. She graduated with honors from UCLA and proceeded to graduate with honors with a Master's degree in Physician Assistant Studies from Western University of Health Sciences. Tamara has 11 years of experience as a primary care PA and has worked in psychiatry since 2022. Tamara is committed to providing a safe and inclusive environment for patients from all walks of life.
Tamara O'Nan is a board-certified psychiatric physician assistant. She graduated with honors from UCLA and proceeded to graduate with honors with a Master's degree in Physician Assistant Studies from Western University of Health Sciences. Tamara has 11 years of experience as a primary care PA and has worked in psychiatry since 2022. Tamara is committed to providing a safe and inclusive environment for patients from all walks of life.
(949) 832-6773 View (949) 832-6773
Photo of Dave Auluck - The Focus Doc, MD, Psychiatrist
The Focus Doc
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Dr. Dave Auluck, M.D. is a 3rd generation physician, 2nd generation psychiatrist, and physician educator. He is passionate about improving the mental health treatment experience. His mission is to ensure personalized, industry-leading, preeminent care is accessible and affordable. He has worked with thousands of patients over the years and overseen program development for tens of thousands of others. He truly understands there is no "one size fits all" approach.
Dr. Dave Auluck, M.D. is a 3rd generation physician, 2nd generation psychiatrist, and physician educator. He is passionate about improving the mental health treatment experience. His mission is to ensure personalized, industry-leading, preeminent care is accessible and affordable. He has worked with thousands of patients over the years and overseen program development for tens of thousands of others. He truly understands there is no "one size fits all" approach.
(714) 627-4927 View (714) 627-4927
Photo of Britton Ashley Arey - South Coast Psychiatry, MD, MBA, Psychiatrist
South Coast Psychiatry
Psychiatrist, MD, MBA
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92657
South Coast Psychiatry is a Concierge Psychiatry Outpatient Group Practice with adult psychiatrists who all offer personalized, comprehensive care to help support you and your family through every stage of life. We provide full-time administrative support, an upscale, beautiful office suite, and top-trained clinicians who can offer psychotherapy and medication management to patients with a wide variety of issues. Our clinicians are available to their patients 24/7, and our administrative team is available to our patients throughout the day. Patients thrive in our warm, caring, supportive environment.
South Coast Psychiatry is a Concierge Psychiatry Outpatient Group Practice with adult psychiatrists who all offer personalized, comprehensive care to help support you and your family through every stage of life. We provide full-time administrative support, an upscale, beautiful office suite, and top-trained clinicians who can offer psychotherapy and medication management to patients with a wide variety of issues. Our clinicians are available to their patients 24/7, and our administrative team is available to our patients throughout the day. Patients thrive in our warm, caring, supportive environment.
(714) 598-0828 View (714) 598-0828
Photo of Robert G Bota, MD, MSG, DFAPA, Psychiatrist
Robert G Bota
Psychiatrist, MD, MSG, DFAPA
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92657
Doctor Bota is a board-certified psychiatrist and a distinguished fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. As a psychiatrist, he has a broad background in diagnosing and treating mental illness. His career has spanned both academic and private psychiatry practices. He started and led the first TMS program at UC Irvine and is now proud to lead TMS clinic at BrainHealth Solutions in Costa Mesa. We specialize in the relief of symptoms caused by major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder through TMS Therapy. TMS is now covered by most Insurances and Medicare and Medical. Bota4TMS at gmail.com
Doctor Bota is a board-certified psychiatrist and a distinguished fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. As a psychiatrist, he has a broad background in diagnosing and treating mental illness. His career has spanned both academic and private psychiatry practices. He started and led the first TMS program at UC Irvine and is now proud to lead TMS clinic at BrainHealth Solutions in Costa Mesa. We specialize in the relief of symptoms caused by major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder through TMS Therapy. TMS is now covered by most Insurances and Medicare and Medical. Bota4TMS at gmail.com
(949) 649-8109 View (949) 649-8109

See more therapy options for Laguna Niguel

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Psychiatrists

When should someone seek treatment for a traumatic brain injury?

People should seek a diagnosis and treatment after a head injury, especially if they were unconscious, and an early diagnosis can lead to a better recovery. Signs of a concussion include headaches, nausea or vomiting, exhaustion, dizziness, vision problems, sensitivity to light and sound, problems with attention and memory, brain fog, unusual irritability or sadness, and unusual sleep patterns.

What’s the most common treatment for a traumatic brain injury?

Treatment for a traumatic brain injury will be different depending on the severity of the problem. For mild injuries, treatment may involve rest and over-the-counter pain or headache medication. For moderate or severe injuries, treatment may involve stabilization, medication, and rehabilitative therapies such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, cognitive therapy, and counseling.

How long does it take to recover from traumatic brain injury?

The recovery time for a traumatic brain injury depends on the individual and the severity and nature of the injury; the length of time spent unconscious is often an indicator of severity. Recovery time for mild injuries may be a week or two while recovery time for more severe injuries may be six months to two years. Research suggests that the vast majority of recovery occurs in the first two years after an injury; recovery after that time frame is less certain.

What if a traumatic brain injury is left untreated?

If a traumatic brain injury is left untreated, it can lead to long-term physical and mental health problems. Physical problems may include dizziness, headaches, vision, healing, or speech loss, and an elevated risk of dementia. Psychological problems may include impairments of memory, judgment, and decision-making, depression, aggression, poor impulse control, and personality changes.