Therapists in Alexandria, VA

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Photo of Keshanda Garland, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keshanda Garland
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
My name is Keshanda Garland. Please feel free to call me Kesha. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. and a Virginia Native. I have over 15 years of experience working with clients who have mental health issues. I enjoy working with adults and adolescents, and my specialty lies in working with clients with anxiety disorders, panic attacks, depression, stress and relationship issues, and trauma-related disorders. I am dedicated to helping her client's foster growth and healing through a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
My name is Keshanda Garland. Please feel free to call me Kesha. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. and a Virginia Native. I have over 15 years of experience working with clients who have mental health issues. I enjoy working with adults and adolescents, and my specialty lies in working with clients with anxiety disorders, panic attacks, depression, stress and relationship issues, and trauma-related disorders. I am dedicated to helping her client's foster growth and healing through a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
(571) 500-1247 View (571) 500-1247
Photo of Lisa Babb, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Babb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
If you are looking for a safe space to explore your feelings, process grief, heal from trauma, or just navigate this messy, beautiful thing we call life, then I might be a good fit. Growth happens in connection, and I strive to create a strong therapeutic relationship where clients feel safe, supported, and resilient. I work with teens and adults managing issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, relationship dynamics, and loss. I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and lived experience with birth-related trauma. I am neurodiversity-affirming and a queer ally.
If you are looking for a safe space to explore your feelings, process grief, heal from trauma, or just navigate this messy, beautiful thing we call life, then I might be a good fit. Growth happens in connection, and I strive to create a strong therapeutic relationship where clients feel safe, supported, and resilient. I work with teens and adults managing issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, relationship dynamics, and loss. I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and lived experience with birth-related trauma. I am neurodiversity-affirming and a queer ally.
(703) 215-2818 View (703) 215-2818
Photo of Amanda E. Thompson, LCSW, LICSW, RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda E. Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, RYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Do you question whether it is safe to prioritize your own healing? Maybe you’ve been feeling caught in the undertow of people pleasing patterns in your relationships, unsure of how to find your way to shore. Perhaps the negative load you carry around feels heavy, while trying to keep your head above water. You seek a sense of self-empowerment and confidence to make decisions, without consulting several friends or family members first. You want to be familiar with various ways to soothe anxiety. You’d like to be able to offer yourself that darn self-compassion, without cringing or feeling discomfort in the process.
Do you question whether it is safe to prioritize your own healing? Maybe you’ve been feeling caught in the undertow of people pleasing patterns in your relationships, unsure of how to find your way to shore. Perhaps the negative load you carry around feels heavy, while trying to keep your head above water. You seek a sense of self-empowerment and confidence to make decisions, without consulting several friends or family members first. You want to be familiar with various ways to soothe anxiety. You’d like to be able to offer yourself that darn self-compassion, without cringing or feeling discomfort in the process.
(571) 556-8238 View (571) 556-8238
Photo of Jennifer Forbes, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Forbes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
I have extensive experience working with clients who struggle with eating disorders, addiction, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. I have worked in a variety of settings, including: general mental health inpatient; an eating disorder residential treatment center; in-home services; outpatient services where I helped clients facing homelessness, clients experiencing crises including suicidality, and clients with severe mental health diagnoses.
I have extensive experience working with clients who struggle with eating disorders, addiction, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. I have worked in a variety of settings, including: general mental health inpatient; an eating disorder residential treatment center; in-home services; outpatient services where I helped clients facing homelessness, clients experiencing crises including suicidality, and clients with severe mental health diagnoses.
(571) 497-4702 View (571) 497-4702
Photo of Melanie K Flossman, LCSW, MPA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie K Flossman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPA
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I am a solution focused therapist who works with primarily adults. I am a clinician with Over The Rainbow , a practice that specializes in trauma informed care in beautiful Old Town Alexandria. My approach is eclectic and specifically tailored to the needs of each individual client. It is a journey we take together.
I am a solution focused therapist who works with primarily adults. I am a clinician with Over The Rainbow , a practice that specializes in trauma informed care in beautiful Old Town Alexandria. My approach is eclectic and specifically tailored to the needs of each individual client. It is a journey we take together.
(703) 505-2674 View (703) 505-2674
Photo of Cara Cicero, PsyD, Psychologist
Cara Cicero
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22303
I strive to help individuals examine and remove the challenges that are causing them difficulties in their day-to-day lives and relationships. Current challenges may be due to earlier experiences that are continuing to contribute to unhelpful patterns of interactions and reactions. I primarily use a cognitive-behavioral approach to help clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, and other “stuck” negative thoughts and feelings; I see therapy as a collaborative process for gaining tools and moving forward toward more positive experiences.
I strive to help individuals examine and remove the challenges that are causing them difficulties in their day-to-day lives and relationships. Current challenges may be due to earlier experiences that are continuing to contribute to unhelpful patterns of interactions and reactions. I primarily use a cognitive-behavioral approach to help clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, and other “stuck” negative thoughts and feelings; I see therapy as a collaborative process for gaining tools and moving forward toward more positive experiences.
(571) 789-0126 View (571) 789-0126
Photo of Dr. Kimberly Gregson, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Kimberly Gregson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Successful psychotherapy can result in greater adaptability, resilience, creativity, and joy. Most of my clients present with challenges in their relationships, careers, health, and overall sense of self. I offer a customized treatment approach, derived from a broad range of training and experience, to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes. Specifically, I can help you use the past to inform the present, to glean insight needed to address existing obstacles and to create functional change in daily life. While psychotherapy is a serious endeavor, I tend to incorporate humor when it is helpful and appropriate.
Successful psychotherapy can result in greater adaptability, resilience, creativity, and joy. Most of my clients present with challenges in their relationships, careers, health, and overall sense of self. I offer a customized treatment approach, derived from a broad range of training and experience, to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes. Specifically, I can help you use the past to inform the present, to glean insight needed to address existing obstacles and to create functional change in daily life. While psychotherapy is a serious endeavor, I tend to incorporate humor when it is helpful and appropriate.
(571) 342-4050 View (571) 342-4050
Photo of Nicole Jalazo Halpern, LCSW, RPT-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Jalazo Halpern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
I believe in the transformative power of the therapeutic relationship and work with clients to create a safe space in which they can develop insight, expand coping skills, grieve losses, process traumas and explore their internal worlds. When it comes to working with children, as a Registered Play Therapist Supervisor, I am a strong believer in the power of play and expressive therapies as a means of accessing, expressing and processing emotions and conflict.
I believe in the transformative power of the therapeutic relationship and work with clients to create a safe space in which they can develop insight, expand coping skills, grieve losses, process traumas and explore their internal worlds. When it comes to working with children, as a Registered Play Therapist Supervisor, I am a strong believer in the power of play and expressive therapies as a means of accessing, expressing and processing emotions and conflict.
(571) 366-9340 View (571) 366-9340
Photo of Michelle Reeves, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michelle Reeves
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Life can sometimes be messy, challenging, and just plain hard. My mission is to support, uplift, and meet each individual where they are. I have experience helping children, adolescents, and adults navigate a variety of challenges, including anxiety, depression, self-harm, loss, and difficult life transitions. I strive to create a safe environment where clients of all ages feel comfortable and at ease.
Life can sometimes be messy, challenging, and just plain hard. My mission is to support, uplift, and meet each individual where they are. I have experience helping children, adolescents, and adults navigate a variety of challenges, including anxiety, depression, self-harm, loss, and difficult life transitions. I strive to create a safe environment where clients of all ages feel comfortable and at ease.
(571) 556-6386 View (571) 556-6386
Photo of Anita Wiles, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anita Wiles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Greetings, I'm Anita Wiles, LCSW, with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. I obtained my MSW from Virginia Commonwealth University and have been a licensed clinical social worker since 1995. Throughout my career, I've specialized in supporting victims of domestic violence, survivors of child sexual abuse, and individuals coping with various forms of trauma across diverse settings. Additionally, I possess extensive experience working with individuals dealing with substance use and abuse issues.
Greetings, I'm Anita Wiles, LCSW, with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. I obtained my MSW from Virginia Commonwealth University and have been a licensed clinical social worker since 1995. Throughout my career, I've specialized in supporting victims of domestic violence, survivors of child sexual abuse, and individuals coping with various forms of trauma across diverse settings. Additionally, I possess extensive experience working with individuals dealing with substance use and abuse issues.
(703) 940-1245 View (703) 940-1245
Photo of Hye Joon Pak, MA, LPC-R, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hye Joon Pak
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Hye Joon is a Resident in Counseling at Healthy Minds Therapy providing individual counseling services in-person at the Alexandria location. Hye Joon also provides support virtually via telehealth. She graduated from Marymount University with an M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. During her graduate program, Hye Joon was selected as a 2022 HRSA (Health Resources and Services Association) fellow and completed her internship serving at-risk adolescents struggling with substance use.
Hye Joon is a Resident in Counseling at Healthy Minds Therapy providing individual counseling services in-person at the Alexandria location. Hye Joon also provides support virtually via telehealth. She graduated from Marymount University with an M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. During her graduate program, Hye Joon was selected as a 2022 HRSA (Health Resources and Services Association) fellow and completed her internship serving at-risk adolescents struggling with substance use.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Gabriella Iskin, PsyD, Psychologist
Gabriella Iskin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
If you find yourself seeking therapy, it could be due to changes in your daily life that are causing disruption or dissatisfaction. It may be a new stressor, unresolved difficulties from your past, or a desire to gain a deeper understanding of yourself. Engaging in therapy can be a healing and transformative process, paving the way to gain satisfaction in your life. Guided by compassion and trust, I take a collaborative and multicultural approach to create a safe space for this exploration.
If you find yourself seeking therapy, it could be due to changes in your daily life that are causing disruption or dissatisfaction. It may be a new stressor, unresolved difficulties from your past, or a desire to gain a deeper understanding of yourself. Engaging in therapy can be a healing and transformative process, paving the way to gain satisfaction in your life. Guided by compassion and trust, I take a collaborative and multicultural approach to create a safe space for this exploration.
(703) 382-5168 View (703) 382-5168
Photo of Sherry Jackson, LPC, LSATP, CSAC, MAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sherry Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP, CSAC, MAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Do you feel "stuck" or find yourself overwhelmed by life's responsibilities? Do you desire to reconnect with your true self? If this is you, then therapy may be a good option to help you gain a deeper understanding of your individual needs, patterns and limiting beliefs while becoming the person you were created to be. It is my belief that everyone holds the power to change, and like a seed that needs favorable conditions to thrive, personal growth must be nurtured and skillfully developed. My goal is to facilitate a trusting, and sometimes challenging but powerful partnership that supports your desire for positive change.
Do you feel "stuck" or find yourself overwhelmed by life's responsibilities? Do you desire to reconnect with your true self? If this is you, then therapy may be a good option to help you gain a deeper understanding of your individual needs, patterns and limiting beliefs while becoming the person you were created to be. It is my belief that everyone holds the power to change, and like a seed that needs favorable conditions to thrive, personal growth must be nurtured and skillfully developed. My goal is to facilitate a trusting, and sometimes challenging but powerful partnership that supports your desire for positive change.
(804) 818-4433 View (804) 818-4433
Photo of Reese Hebrank, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Reese Hebrank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Making changes in your life can be exciting, scary or often a mixture of both. You want to have the right support when you are experiencing a life transition such as gender transition; opening, escalating, or de-escalating a relationship; accepting and affirming a diagnosis of neurodivergence; or navigating the diagnosis or progression of a disability or chronic illness in yourself or a loved one. If you are seeking an experienced and passionate mental health professional to explore the emotional impact of LGBTQIA+ identity, polyamory, or disability, I would like to talk to you more about how I can help.
Making changes in your life can be exciting, scary or often a mixture of both. You want to have the right support when you are experiencing a life transition such as gender transition; opening, escalating, or de-escalating a relationship; accepting and affirming a diagnosis of neurodivergence; or navigating the diagnosis or progression of a disability or chronic illness in yourself or a loved one. If you are seeking an experienced and passionate mental health professional to explore the emotional impact of LGBTQIA+ identity, polyamory, or disability, I would like to talk to you more about how I can help.
(703) 520-1782 View (703) 520-1782
Photo of Kristen Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I reconnect my clients with their innermost authentic selves through building self esteem, healthier relationships, and a renewed passion for life and their purpose. In order to change and grow, we all need psychological mirrors to access the insights within us. In these mirrors we find our patterns, the pain we're holding onto, the changes that need to happen, and often the next steps to take in our path. Therapy is a powerful psychological mirror, as are journaling, bodywork, and creative practices.
I reconnect my clients with their innermost authentic selves through building self esteem, healthier relationships, and a renewed passion for life and their purpose. In order to change and grow, we all need psychological mirrors to access the insights within us. In these mirrors we find our patterns, the pain we're holding onto, the changes that need to happen, and often the next steps to take in our path. Therapy is a powerful psychological mirror, as are journaling, bodywork, and creative practices.
(844) 230-7650 View (844) 230-7650
Photo of Heejin Yun, Pre-Licensed Professional
Heejin Yun
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Heejin Yun is a Resident in Counseling and a Provisional Registered Art Therapist with 3 years of experience in mental health. She is passionate about working with children, adolescents, and adults to address their unique challenges and achieve greater fulfillment in their lives. Heejin specializes in anxiety, eating disorders, depression, addiction, anger management, and family conflict. Heejin is here to help you discover your voice, express challenging emotions through the creative process, and support clients in implementing strategies tailored to their unique life experiences.
Heejin Yun is a Resident in Counseling and a Provisional Registered Art Therapist with 3 years of experience in mental health. She is passionate about working with children, adolescents, and adults to address their unique challenges and achieve greater fulfillment in their lives. Heejin specializes in anxiety, eating disorders, depression, addiction, anger management, and family conflict. Heejin is here to help you discover your voice, express challenging emotions through the creative process, and support clients in implementing strategies tailored to their unique life experiences.
(703) 552-5138 View (703) 552-5138
Photo of Monica Reintjes, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Monica Reintjes
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
To tell your story is vulnerable, and to listen is a privilege; it’s important to choose a therapist who helps you feel safe, seen and understood. My approach to therapy is relaxed, collaborative in nature, solution-focused and warm. I believe that healing works when we tackle the hard stuff, and I encourage you to bring all your thoughts and feelings to the session.
To tell your story is vulnerable, and to listen is a privilege; it’s important to choose a therapist who helps you feel safe, seen and understood. My approach to therapy is relaxed, collaborative in nature, solution-focused and warm. I believe that healing works when we tackle the hard stuff, and I encourage you to bring all your thoughts and feelings to the session.
(757) 799-4370 View (757) 799-4370
Photo of Laken Lackie, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laken Lackie
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Life may have presented many challenges along the way, and figuring out where to begin can discourage us from starting at all. But you don’t have to do this alone. I believe that we all have the capability to overcome life’s challenges and you are the expert on your own story. From this, I bring to light client's inherent strengths, accompany them on their healing journey, and empower them with the tools they need to be successful. Through a holistic, multicultural lens, I help clients find fulfillment within themselves and the communities they identify with.
Life may have presented many challenges along the way, and figuring out where to begin can discourage us from starting at all. But you don’t have to do this alone. I believe that we all have the capability to overcome life’s challenges and you are the expert on your own story. From this, I bring to light client's inherent strengths, accompany them on their healing journey, and empower them with the tools they need to be successful. Through a holistic, multicultural lens, I help clients find fulfillment within themselves and the communities they identify with.
(571) 380-8875 View (571) 380-8875
Photo of Lisa Swann, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Swann
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22310
Lisa Swann is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia; has been a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Addiction Counselor II in the District of Columbia for the last 9 years. Lisa is also a National Certified Counselor (NCC) through the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC). Her specialties include depression, suicide ideation, anxiety, complex trauma, PTSD, sexual trauma, substance abuse, support recovery, grief and loss, low self-esteem, chronic pain, and more. Lisa holds a Bachelor’s in Human Development & Psychology and a Master’s in Counseling.
Lisa Swann is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia; has been a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Addiction Counselor II in the District of Columbia for the last 9 years. Lisa is also a National Certified Counselor (NCC) through the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC). Her specialties include depression, suicide ideation, anxiety, complex trauma, PTSD, sexual trauma, substance abuse, support recovery, grief and loss, low self-esteem, chronic pain, and more. Lisa holds a Bachelor’s in Human Development & Psychology and a Master’s in Counseling.
(703) 420-7021 View (703) 420-7021
Photo of Michael R Dudis, PhD, Psychologist
Michael R Dudis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Not accepting new clients
In private practice settings, I've assisted adolescents, adults, and older adults struggling with trauma, anxiety and relationship issues, attention problems, learning disorders, and depression. I also worked for 9 years at Naval Health Clinic Quantico helping service members struggling with PTSD and combat trauma, depression, substance use issues, relationship problems, and a variety of anxiety disorders. I find that most people are doing their best to cope with their unique challenges in life, but sometimes reach a point where what they are trying is no longer working and could benefit from some professional guidance.
In private practice settings, I've assisted adolescents, adults, and older adults struggling with trauma, anxiety and relationship issues, attention problems, learning disorders, and depression. I also worked for 9 years at Naval Health Clinic Quantico helping service members struggling with PTSD and combat trauma, depression, substance use issues, relationship problems, and a variety of anxiety disorders. I find that most people are doing their best to cope with their unique challenges in life, but sometimes reach a point where what they are trying is no longer working and could benefit from some professional guidance.
(703) 972-6758 View (703) 972-6758
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
92% Depression
80% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Cigna and Evernorth
66% Aetna

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.