Counselling in Mount Druitt, NSW
![Photo of Rajesh (Raj) Prasad - Clear Choice Clinic Counselling & Psychological, MC, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/488c8bf9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Clear Choice Clinic Counselling & Psychological
Counsellor, MC
Verified Verified
Mount Druitt, NSW 2770
Diversity and Cultural Competence: Highlight your experience as an NDIS-registered provider catering to clients from diverse nationalities. Educational Background: Master's degree. Specialisation in ASD; Experience in Special Education: I have a deep understanding of the challenges to support them effectively.Psychological Assessment Expertise: Marriage and Relationships:Legal Requirements and Report Writing: writing reports to meet legal requirements:Psychological Support: assist clients with a range of issues, AOD (Alcohol and Other Drugs), anger management, domestic issues, and disabilities. Helping clients with needs.
Diversity and Cultural Competence: Highlight your experience as an NDIS-registered provider catering to clients from diverse nationalities. Educational Background: Master's degree. Specialisation in ASD; Experience in Special Education: I have a deep understanding of the challenges to support them effectively.Psychological Assessment Expertise: Marriage and Relationships:Legal Requirements and Report Writing: writing reports to meet legal requirements:Psychological Support: assist clients with a range of issues, AOD (Alcohol and Other Drugs), anger management, domestic issues, and disabilities. Helping clients with needs.
![Photo of Tamar Hoffman, MPsych, PACFA, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7be3e540-845c-4c23-aae7-ff10c0b7fa4e/2/320x400.jpeg)
My ideal client is a person who works in or around the education field, and is feeling challenged by the expectations and realities of their professional context. Whilst my interest is not only their professional life, I am interested in working with people from education as I deeply understand the context.
My ideal client is a person who works in or around the education field, and is feeling challenged by the expectations and realities of their professional context. Whilst my interest is not only their professional life, I am interested in working with people from education as I deeply understand the context.
Do you find yourself struggling to cope and finding a sense of hope? Is your life currently chaotic and overwhelming that you maybe finding it hard to find balance or have you found that you've been trying so hard to cope and manage your issues and it has failed you have no way out? Than you have found the right therapist to help you. My form of counselling intervention involves having an all rounded view of ones situations where we can find cause, assess and solutions to manage your situation. Enquire today and we can start your journey to wellness
Do you find yourself struggling to cope and finding a sense of hope? Is your life currently chaotic and overwhelming that you maybe finding it hard to find balance or have you found that you've been trying so hard to cope and manage your issues and it has failed you have no way out? Than you have found the right therapist to help you. My form of counselling intervention involves having an all rounded view of ones situations where we can find cause, assess and solutions to manage your situation. Enquire today and we can start your journey to wellness
![Photo of Bree Bryant - Desert Rose Support Service, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6aaeb4e7-8176-482a-ba00-0b0382c70fcd/1/320x400.jpeg)
Desert Rose Support Service
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Mount Druitt, NSW 2770
I am a qualified Social worker and a member of the AASW with many years experience working with individuals and groups. I provide gentle, open-minded and compassionate counselling and use my role as a platform for people to overcome life’s challenges and foster emotional balance. I believe that an open, safe and trusting relationship between a counsellor and client is pivotal to create effective outcomes.
I am a qualified Social worker and a member of the AASW with many years experience working with individuals and groups. I provide gentle, open-minded and compassionate counselling and use my role as a platform for people to overcome life’s challenges and foster emotional balance. I believe that an open, safe and trusting relationship between a counsellor and client is pivotal to create effective outcomes.
![Photo of Michaels Aibangbee, MSc, PACFA, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/10e3834d-aac8-43af-85d4-4d668fbad821/1/320x400.jpeg)
It’s often said that the most powerful tool in a person's life comes from within - your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. As a clinical psychotherapist with experience across diverse demography ranging from teenagers to working professionals, I know just how true this is. My journey has taught me one thing – we all have the power to make our lives better if we put in the effort and work towards cultivating our inner resilience. My philosophy is guided by evidence-based methods such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT).
It’s often said that the most powerful tool in a person's life comes from within - your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. As a clinical psychotherapist with experience across diverse demography ranging from teenagers to working professionals, I know just how true this is. My journey has taught me one thing – we all have the power to make our lives better if we put in the effort and work towards cultivating our inner resilience. My philosophy is guided by evidence-based methods such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT).
![Photo of Saleha Abbasi Psychologist - Scopic Care Family Services and Therapy, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45181293-7776-4f6f-91a4-8302059f5c91/1/320x400.jpeg)
Scopic Care Family Services and Therapy
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Druitt, NSW 2770
My name is Saleha Abbasi and I am a general psychologist offering in-person and online appointments on weekdays and weekends. I work with children, adolescents and adults offering a teamwork approach to understand your challenges and what you need from therapy. A treatment plan based on your specific needs and goals is created to help you achieve exactly what you are looking for.
My name is Saleha Abbasi and I am a general psychologist offering in-person and online appointments on weekdays and weekends. I work with children, adolescents and adults offering a teamwork approach to understand your challenges and what you need from therapy. A treatment plan based on your specific needs and goals is created to help you achieve exactly what you are looking for.
![Photo of Jaume Ciurans Barri, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8f203520-44e0-411e-aea3-460ff113f257/1/320x400.png)
I am a well-grounded and enthusiastic psychologist from Barcelona. Over the years I have worked and undertaken training in a wide range of fast-changing settings and healthcare organisations including the EAPS Mutuam Girona and Doctor Josep Trueta University Hospital, providing up-to-date evidence-based interventions to a broad population of adult patients with acute physical and mental health issues. Furthermore, I hold extensive experience in the private sector working with children and adolescents with autism, neurodevelopmental disorders or intellectual disabilities in their homes or in my practice.
I am a well-grounded and enthusiastic psychologist from Barcelona. Over the years I have worked and undertaken training in a wide range of fast-changing settings and healthcare organisations including the EAPS Mutuam Girona and Doctor Josep Trueta University Hospital, providing up-to-date evidence-based interventions to a broad population of adult patients with acute physical and mental health issues. Furthermore, I hold extensive experience in the private sector working with children and adolescents with autism, neurodevelopmental disorders or intellectual disabilities in their homes or in my practice.
![Photo of Neelab Omar, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7ab61c13-9b52-41f6-b129-9448850ae1a5/1/320x400.jpeg)
I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore their innermost vulnerabilities, and get through the painful emotions, stories, and difficulties life throws their way. One of my greatest joys is when my clients feel understood and supported. I value the development of a strong therapeutic alliance as it's of the utmost importance to treatment outcomes. Therefore, you'll find that my approach is friendly, warm, relaxed, open, and non-judgemental.
I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore their innermost vulnerabilities, and get through the painful emotions, stories, and difficulties life throws their way. One of my greatest joys is when my clients feel understood and supported. I value the development of a strong therapeutic alliance as it's of the utmost importance to treatment outcomes. Therefore, you'll find that my approach is friendly, warm, relaxed, open, and non-judgemental.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Nicole George - Relationship Renewal, ACA-L1, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/177dbc22-171c-4b70-9dca-fe1ee1b45c27/1/320x400.jpeg)
As someone who has personally navigated the complexities of relationships, I understand how tough they can be. I've battled with insecurities, wrestled with anxiety, struggled to communicate my needs, and navigated through the complex world of family life. But through it all, I've grown. Understanding my emotions and working through my issues in a safe space brought me a peace I had never known. This is the same gift I'd like to offer my clients through my professional service and I can't wait to walk with you on your journey!
As someone who has personally navigated the complexities of relationships, I understand how tough they can be. I've battled with insecurities, wrestled with anxiety, struggled to communicate my needs, and navigated through the complex world of family life. But through it all, I've grown. Understanding my emotions and working through my issues in a safe space brought me a peace I had never known. This is the same gift I'd like to offer my clients through my professional service and I can't wait to walk with you on your journey!
![Photo of Katie Dawson, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a9edf69e-d60a-487c-8035-6a0b70b86d12/2/320x400.jpeg)
Katie Dawson
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153 (Online Only)
I have been working as a Clinical Psychologist for 15 years and value working collaboratively with clients. From this relationship, I seek to understand your situation with curiosity, openness and compassion. I will help you explore what might be maintaining current difficulties and work with you to adjust evidence-based strategies so they best suit you.
I have been working as a Clinical Psychologist for 15 years and value working collaboratively with clients. From this relationship, I seek to understand your situation with curiosity, openness and compassion. I will help you explore what might be maintaining current difficulties and work with you to adjust evidence-based strategies so they best suit you.
![Photo of Fernanda Tinelli, ACA-L2, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/357aa624-f3a2-432c-a015-b6599963996b/1/320x400.jpeg)
I help couples, families and individuals seeking to achieve healthy relationships and improved mental health. I specialise in marriage, family counselling, during/post-separation, infidelity and ethical-non monogamy. I also provide individual counselling to support clients struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma and grief. My work is very solution focused so my clients can achieve fast results. Over the years, I've transitioned from a legal career into counselling/psychology so my clients can expect high ethical standards, high academic competency as well as a modern and fresh approach to relationships and psychotherapy.
I help couples, families and individuals seeking to achieve healthy relationships and improved mental health. I specialise in marriage, family counselling, during/post-separation, infidelity and ethical-non monogamy. I also provide individual counselling to support clients struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma and grief. My work is very solution focused so my clients can achieve fast results. Over the years, I've transitioned from a legal career into counselling/psychology so my clients can expect high ethical standards, high academic competency as well as a modern and fresh approach to relationships and psychotherapy.
![Photo of Arishna Chandra, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1fd30d55-f026-4c8e-b67c-eafc8ebb0bd4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Arishna Chandra
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Kingswood, NSW 2747
Not accepting new clients
Arishna is a warm and empathic Psychologist with over 15 years experience treating a broad range of issues and clinical presentations including, anxiety, depression, PTSD, complex trauma, grief and loss, transition and adjustment issues, self-esteem and confidence issues, anger management, and addictions. Arishna has a special interest in treating mood disorders particularly in the context of Borderline Personality Disorder and Complex PTSD.
Arishna is a warm and empathic Psychologist with over 15 years experience treating a broad range of issues and clinical presentations including, anxiety, depression, PTSD, complex trauma, grief and loss, transition and adjustment issues, self-esteem and confidence issues, anger management, and addictions. Arishna has a special interest in treating mood disorders particularly in the context of Borderline Personality Disorder and Complex PTSD.
![Photo of Lisa Paul - Lisa Paul Counselling/Psychotherapy, PACFA, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e581d5f2-aced-486d-b9a2-ee034eb4dbc3/1/320x400.jpeg)
A qualified Counsellor/Psychotherapist & Clinical Supervisor working with Perinatal Mental Health, Grief & Loss and Trauma, Lisa works with women who struggle with depression/anxiety particularly in pregnancy and the postnatal period and who have experienced trauma - in birth or from childhood and grief and loss. "I find that it is such rewarding work to be able to help someone work through their challenges. My aim is to work WITH you, to support you and guide you, so you don't feel alone in this journey".
A qualified Counsellor/Psychotherapist & Clinical Supervisor working with Perinatal Mental Health, Grief & Loss and Trauma, Lisa works with women who struggle with depression/anxiety particularly in pregnancy and the postnatal period and who have experienced trauma - in birth or from childhood and grief and loss. "I find that it is such rewarding work to be able to help someone work through their challenges. My aim is to work WITH you, to support you and guide you, so you don't feel alone in this journey".
![Photo of Irum Malik, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/865b6dc6-8f66-47a9-b011-84f0baf1e350/2/320x400.jpeg)
Irum has worked with a wide range of clients and issues. She is also bilingual (English and Urdu). Irum is also an accredited SIRA accredited psychologist.
Irum has worked with a wide range of clients and issues. She is also bilingual (English and Urdu). Irum is also an accredited SIRA accredited psychologist.
![Photo of Ernst Meyer - Ernst Meyer Somatic Psychotherapy, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ff1ec193-6081-4cd4-9951-3ab6d137b69d/3/320x400.jpeg)
Ernst Meyer Somatic Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153
Have you been feeling - or have you been told - that there is something "wrong" with you? Have you had panic attacks, experienced issues with eating? Feel exhausted, overwhelmed, or lack energy? Are you feeling helpless, powerless, hopeless? Do you at times feel that you don't want to live any longer? Are sexual or relationship issues affecting the quality of your life? Have you seen a psychiatrist or a psychologist and the treatment didn't "work"?
Have you been feeling - or have you been told - that there is something "wrong" with you? Have you had panic attacks, experienced issues with eating? Feel exhausted, overwhelmed, or lack energy? Are you feeling helpless, powerless, hopeless? Do you at times feel that you don't want to live any longer? Are sexual or relationship issues affecting the quality of your life? Have you seen a psychiatrist or a psychologist and the treatment didn't "work"?
![Photo of Rochelle Cini, ACA-L1, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d90dfa2-89d0-4ea5-a86e-8c86934dd86a/1/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome! My name is Rochelle, otherwise known as Shell or Shelly. Whatever you feel comfortable with. I am a registered Counsellor/Psychotherapist, holding a Graduate Diploma. Gaining clarity and working together to make a happier fulfilling life is what I aim for in all my clients. For some, better communication and building a strong sense of self that can cope with the challenges that life throws at you. living through life challenges of my own has given me a deeper understanding, compassion, and empathy in my approach to counseling without judgment and with steadfast care.
Welcome! My name is Rochelle, otherwise known as Shell or Shelly. Whatever you feel comfortable with. I am a registered Counsellor/Psychotherapist, holding a Graduate Diploma. Gaining clarity and working together to make a happier fulfilling life is what I aim for in all my clients. For some, better communication and building a strong sense of self that can cope with the challenges that life throws at you. living through life challenges of my own has given me a deeper understanding, compassion, and empathy in my approach to counseling without judgment and with steadfast care.
![Photo of Kylie Lepri - Kylie Lepri - Psychotherapy & Couples Counselling, PACFA, Counsellor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bf584a77-0cff-4a96-9d15-46cad014869e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Kylie Lepri - Psychotherapy & Couples Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Bella Vista, NSW 2153
Discover Emotional Clarity, Overcome Challenges, and Cultivate Stronger Relationships - Tailored to Your Needs! Are you an individual, couple, or family seeking support for specific challenges? Our specialised counselling services are designed to address your unique needs. Whether you're struggling with emotional understanding, navigating difficult circumstances, or yearning for stronger connections, we're here to help.
Discover Emotional Clarity, Overcome Challenges, and Cultivate Stronger Relationships - Tailored to Your Needs! Are you an individual, couple, or family seeking support for specific challenges? Our specialised counselling services are designed to address your unique needs. Whether you're struggling with emotional understanding, navigating difficult circumstances, or yearning for stronger connections, we're here to help.
![Photo of Mary Groth, PACFA, Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1aa093c1-9d9a-49ff-ba80-938e81469904/1/320x400.jpeg)
I work with high performing individuals who want to decrease their anxiety, stress and overwhelm and live a more healthy and balanced life. High performers tend to have many similar traits such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression and high levels of stress. I also work with couples who are stuck in toxic relationship patterns and are needing the right tools and strategies to get unstuck and happy again.
I work with high performing individuals who want to decrease their anxiety, stress and overwhelm and live a more healthy and balanced life. High performers tend to have many similar traits such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression and high levels of stress. I also work with couples who are stuck in toxic relationship patterns and are needing the right tools and strategies to get unstuck and happy again.
![Photo of Azaan Vhora, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7f258c2d-80db-42b5-8d7a-8cddb9f66248/2/320x400.jpeg)
Taking the first step towards seeking help can often feel daunting, like stepping into uncharted territory. In a society that places emphasis on self-reliance, it's important to acknowledge that everyone, even the strongest individuals, can benefit from support along life's journey. Embarking on this journey holds great promise. Through therapy, you can discover new strengths, heal emotional wounds, and embrace a more fulfilling and empowered life. Together, we will navigate life's challenges, helping you develop resilience and confidence along the way.
Taking the first step towards seeking help can often feel daunting, like stepping into uncharted territory. In a society that places emphasis on self-reliance, it's important to acknowledge that everyone, even the strongest individuals, can benefit from support along life's journey. Embarking on this journey holds great promise. Through therapy, you can discover new strengths, heal emotional wounds, and embrace a more fulfilling and empowered life. Together, we will navigate life's challenges, helping you develop resilience and confidence along the way.
See more therapy options for Mount Druitt
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Mount Druitt, NSW
< 10
Counsellors in Mount Druitt, NSW who prioritize treating:
89% | Anxiety |
78% | Depression |
78% | Self Esteem |
67% | Peer Relationships |
67% | Coping Skills |
67% | Stress |
56% | Relationship Issues |
Average years in practice
9 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
75% | Medicare Rebates |
50% | Bupa |
50% | CUA Health |
How Counsellors in Mount Druitt, NSW see their clients
78% | In Person and Online | |
22% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
63% | Female | |
37% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Mount Druitt?
Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.