Therapists in Warrenville, IL
![Photo of Leela Sims, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/926fabc8-5e22-4224-9a92-cb51c5185554/1/320x400.jpeg)
Greetings! I'm Leela, a dedicated advocate of personal growth and positive change, with a special focus on empowering women, trans/non-binary individuals, and older adults.
Greetings! I'm Leela, a dedicated advocate of personal growth and positive change, with a special focus on empowering women, trans/non-binary individuals, and older adults.
![Photo of Michael A Cortina, MS, LCPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3bdd8559-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/7/320x400.jpeg)
For parents and students alike, adolescence can be a turbulent time. Watching our children struggle can be stressful. It takes a lot of patience, understanding and adjusting to meet the needs of kids in this age group. It's not uncommon for parents to feel that they are engaging in one power struggle after the next...or perhaps feeling a sense of guilt, frustration or helplessness, as they start to question the effectiveness of their parenting and/or the overall emotional well-being of their son or daughter.
For parents and students alike, adolescence can be a turbulent time. Watching our children struggle can be stressful. It takes a lot of patience, understanding and adjusting to meet the needs of kids in this age group. It's not uncommon for parents to feel that they are engaging in one power struggle after the next...or perhaps feeling a sense of guilt, frustration or helplessness, as they start to question the effectiveness of their parenting and/or the overall emotional well-being of their son or daughter.
![Photo of Asif A Khan, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/eac6ce64-83c4-4691-9e71-24401ee55f3b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you want to overcome depression or anxiety and feel confident? Are you struggling with relationships? Do you find yourself getting angry quickly? Sometimes life transitions get difficult to manage. I have been helping people with these problems for 20 years and we can work collaboratively and holistically. We will focus on physical, emotional and spiritual aspects of your personality. We will figure out your best qualities and strengths, your personal resources and virtues to realize your true potential that will help you heal.
Do you want to overcome depression or anxiety and feel confident? Are you struggling with relationships? Do you find yourself getting angry quickly? Sometimes life transitions get difficult to manage. I have been helping people with these problems for 20 years and we can work collaboratively and holistically. We will focus on physical, emotional and spiritual aspects of your personality. We will figure out your best qualities and strengths, your personal resources and virtues to realize your true potential that will help you heal.
![Photo of Lisa Ladd Szudarski, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4503f809-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Lisa Ladd Szudarski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Warrenville, IL 60555
I am a high energy, solution focused therapist that motivates and inspires my clients. I am strength based and help people find all the good within themselves. My ideal client is highly motivated and usually very frustrated with their inability to mange their self destructive behaviors.
I am a high energy, solution focused therapist that motivates and inspires my clients. I am strength based and help people find all the good within themselves. My ideal client is highly motivated and usually very frustrated with their inability to mange their self destructive behaviors.
![Photo of Jenaleigh (Jt) Turner, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/31728f95-40a6-40a3-9076-6c09a751f185/1/320x400.png)
Jenaleigh (Jt) Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warrenville, IL 60555 (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You deserve to feel seen. Many of the people I have worked with have experienced pain or the weight of high expectations from themselves and others around them. Witnessing others experience the transformative power of their authentic selves and overcome challenges has been a privilege. I practice from a lens of radical empathy: I am honored to hold space for you as you work through things that feel heavy, cheer you on when it begins to feel easy again, and walk with you for all the moments in between.
You deserve to feel seen. Many of the people I have worked with have experienced pain or the weight of high expectations from themselves and others around them. Witnessing others experience the transformative power of their authentic selves and overcome challenges has been a privilege. I practice from a lens of radical empathy: I am honored to hold space for you as you work through things that feel heavy, cheer you on when it begins to feel easy again, and walk with you for all the moments in between.
![Photo of Anne J Dickinson, PsyD, LCPC, CADC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b70ddd35-13d8-4813-8cb2-7108ce23e18d/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor and Certified in Hypnosis. I received my Master's degree in Clinical Psychology from Benedictine University in 2004 and my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Adler University in 2012. I work with ages 11 and older and have over 29 years experience with adults, adolescents and families.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor and Certified in Hypnosis. I received my Master's degree in Clinical Psychology from Benedictine University in 2004 and my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Adler University in 2012. I work with ages 11 and older and have over 29 years experience with adults, adolescents and families.
![Photo of Tracy Takeda, MA, LCPC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d0a7c8bf-3641-45a6-ba8d-830dbf5cfd05/2/320x400.jpeg)
Tracy Takeda
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Warrenville, IL 60555
I am honored to work with clients who are willing to share their stories. I am open to clients who are ambivalent about counseling, maybe coming for the first time, and to those motivated for support. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, identity and meaning, faith/spiritual and family/relational concerns, and those who might consider understanding how the past impacts them now. I have valued my diverse work in the community (group homes, therapeutic day school, outpatient counseling and university counseling center) as I desire to connect clients to resources and their community as needed.
I am honored to work with clients who are willing to share their stories. I am open to clients who are ambivalent about counseling, maybe coming for the first time, and to those motivated for support. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, identity and meaning, faith/spiritual and family/relational concerns, and those who might consider understanding how the past impacts them now. I have valued my diverse work in the community (group homes, therapeutic day school, outpatient counseling and university counseling center) as I desire to connect clients to resources and their community as needed.
![Photo of Martin Lemon - Clarus Center](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d87841a-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Clarus Center is a vibrant community of independent mental health and wellness professionals dedicated to helping individuals and families find greater health and well-being. Clients often arrive seeking relief from depression or anxiety, trauma, relationship challenges, stress, or health concerns. They desire care that is holistic, integrative, solution-focused and cutting edge. The seasoned professionals at Clarus Center have many years of experience in a variety of psychological and health disciplines and are able to create unique treatment approaches that target the mind, body and spirit. Individuals and families seeking services at Clarus Center report experiencing positive symptom relief and a strong sense of well-being and peace.
Clarus Center is a vibrant community of independent mental health and wellness professionals dedicated to helping individuals and families find greater health and well-being. Clients often arrive seeking relief from depression or anxiety, trauma, relationship challenges, stress, or health concerns. They desire care that is holistic, integrative, solution-focused and cutting edge. The seasoned professionals at Clarus Center have many years of experience in a variety of psychological and health disciplines and are able to create unique treatment approaches that target the mind, body and spirit. Individuals and families seeking services at Clarus Center report experiencing positive symptom relief and a strong sense of well-being and peace.
![Photo of Sandra Krummenacher, MS, LCPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0e8eca60-c38d-43af-8abd-631187a9238e/1/320x400.jpeg)
When you feel that something in your life needs to change, getting started can be overwhelming. My desire is to help identify strengths and explore solutions in a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere. It is important to me that you feel free to share your feelings. I enjoy helping adults, couples, and teens cope with the normal yet at times painful transitions in life such as marriage, parenting, blending families, adolescence, divorce,empty nest, relational issues, and self-esteem struggles that plague people with histories of abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional).
When you feel that something in your life needs to change, getting started can be overwhelming. My desire is to help identify strengths and explore solutions in a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere. It is important to me that you feel free to share your feelings. I enjoy helping adults, couples, and teens cope with the normal yet at times painful transitions in life such as marriage, parenting, blending families, adolescence, divorce,empty nest, relational issues, and self-esteem struggles that plague people with histories of abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional).
![Photo of Tasheika Nash, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dc3dd267-c561-4961-999e-e9db2855d077/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you struggle with vulnerability? Are you struggling with creating or maintaining healthy relationships? Are you ruminating on negative thoughts or situations? Do you struggle with imposter syndrome? Are you dealing with transgenerational trauma? Are you a first responder and feeling as if, nobody understands you? Are you experiencing emotional abuse from someone you love? Sometimes life events, our environment, or trauma can impact our mental health. I am dedicated to providing healing to people who have been through traumatic or stressful events. My goal is to improve your self-awareness and increase increase self-reflection.
Do you struggle with vulnerability? Are you struggling with creating or maintaining healthy relationships? Are you ruminating on negative thoughts or situations? Do you struggle with imposter syndrome? Are you dealing with transgenerational trauma? Are you a first responder and feeling as if, nobody understands you? Are you experiencing emotional abuse from someone you love? Sometimes life events, our environment, or trauma can impact our mental health. I am dedicated to providing healing to people who have been through traumatic or stressful events. My goal is to improve your self-awareness and increase increase self-reflection.
![Photo of Mike Treptow, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/96f270f2-fef1-444e-a754-ac4aa96f78b9/1/320x400.jpeg)
My ideal client is any adolescent, young adult, or couple that is willing to seek assistance, grow, and develop new strategies to address concerns they may be having with depression, anxiety, communication, addictions, or other adjustment they are struggling with that they need assistance. In working with clients it is important that a relationship is established where the client feels comfortable, safe, and secure. After a relationship is formed it is my goal to help guide the client/couple/family in developing strategies by challenging them using different therapeutic modalities that work best with their identified goals.
My ideal client is any adolescent, young adult, or couple that is willing to seek assistance, grow, and develop new strategies to address concerns they may be having with depression, anxiety, communication, addictions, or other adjustment they are struggling with that they need assistance. In working with clients it is important that a relationship is established where the client feels comfortable, safe, and secure. After a relationship is formed it is my goal to help guide the client/couple/family in developing strategies by challenging them using different therapeutic modalities that work best with their identified goals.
15 Second Videos
Meg Fell
Trude Holli
Cynthia M Stafford
Joe Gryzbek
Michael Peila
James Hutto IV
Shelby Ruman
Sarah Petzold
![Photo of Elizabeth Bales (Addiction Treatment), LCPC, CADC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1bda881f-d931-4945-a871-e8a17895e7d5/2/320x400.jpeg)
Don't settle for a generic drug and alcohol therapist. You deserve help that actually helps you feel happy again. (And, that's in-network with your insurance).
Don't settle for a generic drug and alcohol therapist. You deserve help that actually helps you feel happy again. (And, that's in-network with your insurance).
Dan Novak earned a Master’s of Science in Clinical Psychology in 2019 and a Bachelor’s in Psychology in 2016 from Benedictine University in Lisle, IL, and a Bachelor’s in Marketing from SIU-C in 1994. His personal interests are in treating addiction, general mental health issues, men’s mental health issues, families, older adults and adults/adolescents with intellectual disabilities/special needs. He also has experience as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) coordinator for substance abuse.
Dan Novak earned a Master’s of Science in Clinical Psychology in 2019 and a Bachelor’s in Psychology in 2016 from Benedictine University in Lisle, IL, and a Bachelor’s in Marketing from SIU-C in 1994. His personal interests are in treating addiction, general mental health issues, men’s mental health issues, families, older adults and adults/adolescents with intellectual disabilities/special needs. He also has experience as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) coordinator for substance abuse.
![Photo of Martin E Lemon, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3cb09176-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Men's lives are undergoing a remarkable evolution. Only a generation ago to become a strong man generally meant learning to avoid being tripped up or held back by what you felt. Now men are encouraged and even expected to "know themselves" and be more emotionally present in their marriages and other important relationships. The advantages of greater emotional self-awareness include: (1) greater depth of connection with your spouse, children and close male friends, (2) better access to your own emotional strengths including your stress tolerance and resilience, and (3) an enhanced sense of purpose and personal meaning.
Men's lives are undergoing a remarkable evolution. Only a generation ago to become a strong man generally meant learning to avoid being tripped up or held back by what you felt. Now men are encouraged and even expected to "know themselves" and be more emotionally present in their marriages and other important relationships. The advantages of greater emotional self-awareness include: (1) greater depth of connection with your spouse, children and close male friends, (2) better access to your own emotional strengths including your stress tolerance and resilience, and (3) an enhanced sense of purpose and personal meaning.
![Photo of Precious Bradley, LCPC, NCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/12136eca-edf2-4314-8427-9198d4f606ba/1/320x400.jpeg)
If you are reading this, you have already taken the first step. How are you feeling? Nervous, relieved, excited, anxious, helpless, overwhelmed, indifferent, eager, all the above? When you decided to seek therapy, you moved yourself out of your comfort zone into your courage zone and that can be scary. Although you may be feeling both undesirable and desirable emotions at this moment, I consider you here as an act of bravery, and I admire your willingness to move toward this 2.0 version of yourself.
If you are reading this, you have already taken the first step. How are you feeling? Nervous, relieved, excited, anxious, helpless, overwhelmed, indifferent, eager, all the above? When you decided to seek therapy, you moved yourself out of your comfort zone into your courage zone and that can be scary. Although you may be feeling both undesirable and desirable emotions at this moment, I consider you here as an act of bravery, and I admire your willingness to move toward this 2.0 version of yourself.
![Photo of Jennifer Moreno - S & J Wellness PLLC, LCPC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8725441e-43b1-4b05-89b4-416b385c4dcb/2/320x400.jpeg)
S & J Wellness PLLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warrenville, IL 60555
We are a niche therapy practice specializing in PTSD and trauma, adoption and attachment issues, complex family issues and dynamics, and culturally responsive therapy. We see couples, families, and individuals. Our clients feel distressed due to family and attachment issues, trauma and PTSD, and are seeking recovery and relief from trauma, anxiety, and other symptoms. We understand how issues in childhood, issues in our relationships, and conflict within our family dynamics can contribute to depression, anxiety and PTSD. We are neurodivergent and LGBTQ+ affirming and provide therapy in English, Spanish and French.
We are a niche therapy practice specializing in PTSD and trauma, adoption and attachment issues, complex family issues and dynamics, and culturally responsive therapy. We see couples, families, and individuals. Our clients feel distressed due to family and attachment issues, trauma and PTSD, and are seeking recovery and relief from trauma, anxiety, and other symptoms. We understand how issues in childhood, issues in our relationships, and conflict within our family dynamics can contribute to depression, anxiety and PTSD. We are neurodivergent and LGBTQ+ affirming and provide therapy in English, Spanish and French.
![Photo of Jordan Cook, MA 2024, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3feaa9be-7242-498f-8183-b1ab7b22870b/1/320x400.jpeg)
Now accepting new clients! Congratulations on taking the first step towards a brighter future and a healthier relationship with yourself and your family. I work with families, couples, and individuals from a variety of backgrounds. Your life experiences have shaped who you are today. It is my job to work collaboratively with you to reach your goals for treatment.
Now accepting new clients! Congratulations on taking the first step towards a brighter future and a healthier relationship with yourself and your family. I work with families, couples, and individuals from a variety of backgrounds. Your life experiences have shaped who you are today. It is my job to work collaboratively with you to reach your goals for treatment.
![Photo of Ashley Ullyot, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dfa3dfa5-bc2a-4c98-920e-c122e04fdc24/1/320x400.jpeg)
I believe that each person is deserving of fulfillment in every relationship. My ideal client is wanting to be more aware of relational patterns so that they can recreate the moments they desire most. My goal is to help people feel heard and accepted within their relationships. I do this through creating an environment where differences are appreciated and authentic choices can be identified to maintain connection.
I believe that each person is deserving of fulfillment in every relationship. My ideal client is wanting to be more aware of relational patterns so that they can recreate the moments they desire most. My goal is to help people feel heard and accepted within their relationships. I do this through creating an environment where differences are appreciated and authentic choices can be identified to maintain connection.
![Photo of Linda Ann Defrancisco, EdD, LCPC , CDVP, LCMHC, LMHC-FL, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/46758d06-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Linda Ann Defrancisco
Counselor, EdD, LCPC , CDVP, LCMHC, LMHC-FL
Verified Verified
Warrenville, IL 60555
Are you feeling anxious? Stuck? Having trouble with your spouse, children, parents, friends, colleagues? You don't have to manage these issues alone - counseling can help. My style of counseling creates a warm, supportive, and collaborative environment where you can enhance your self-understanding, maximize your strengths, and learn to achieve greater satisfaction in your personal and professional life.
Are you feeling anxious? Stuck? Having trouble with your spouse, children, parents, friends, colleagues? You don't have to manage these issues alone - counseling can help. My style of counseling creates a warm, supportive, and collaborative environment where you can enhance your self-understanding, maximize your strengths, and learn to achieve greater satisfaction in your personal and professional life.
![Photo of Kay La Jeunesse, MS, LCPC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d52a777-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Kay La Jeunesse
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Warrenville, IL 60555
I offer a calming and gentle approach to clients that enhances their comfort levels and allows for open discussion of problem areas. Together, we investigate the factors that cause and contribute to their issues. Together, we investigate coping skills and factors that will diminish symptoms and work toward resolution of these life issues. In the words of one client: "If what I have to say doesn't upset you, then maybe it isn't as bad as I feared." Mood disorders, autism spectrum disorders, relationship conflicts as well as loss and grief issues are among my treatment specialties.
I offer a calming and gentle approach to clients that enhances their comfort levels and allows for open discussion of problem areas. Together, we investigate the factors that cause and contribute to their issues. Together, we investigate coping skills and factors that will diminish symptoms and work toward resolution of these life issues. In the words of one client: "If what I have to say doesn't upset you, then maybe it isn't as bad as I feared." Mood disorders, autism spectrum disorders, relationship conflicts as well as loss and grief issues are among my treatment specialties.
See more therapy options for Warrenville
Nearby Searches for Warrenville
- Aurora
- Batavia
- Carol Stream
- Geneva
- Glen Ellyn
- Glendale Heights
- Lisle
- Naperville
- North Aurora
- West Chicago
- Wheaton
- Winfield
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Warrenville, IL
100+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Warrenville, IL who prioritize treating:
90% | Anxiety |
89% | Depression |
68% | Life Transitions |
67% | Trauma and PTSD |
66% | Relationship Issues |
59% | Self Esteem |
57% | Women's Issues |
Average years in practice
13 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
97% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
79% | Aetna |
67% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Warrenville, IL see their clients
91% | In Person and Online | |
9% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
85% | Female | |
14% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Warrenville?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.