Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Lena Holt, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lena Holt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90047
My name is Lena Holt and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in Los Angeles County and working statewide through telehealth. I believe that everyone has the capability of reaching an optimum state of emotional and behavioral health. I have found that my style and approach are often a good fit for transitional-aged youth 16-25 years old. In addition, I also have had success with adults and the 55+ population. The issues presented with these populations often look like, stress, anxiety, and depression, although in different contexts.
My name is Lena Holt and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in Los Angeles County and working statewide through telehealth. I believe that everyone has the capability of reaching an optimum state of emotional and behavioral health. I have found that my style and approach are often a good fit for transitional-aged youth 16-25 years old. In addition, I also have had success with adults and the 55+ population. The issues presented with these populations often look like, stress, anxiety, and depression, although in different contexts.
(213) 668-7998 View (213) 668-7998
Photo of Kathleen Flaherty, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Kathleen Flaherty
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
In a rapidly changing and evolving world, it may sometimes feel challenging to preserve your peace and strength. Therapy is the choice to slow down and give yourself time to reflect on what parts of yourself need compassion, acceptance, or movement to change. My aim is to empathetically and non judgmentally align with you to enliven your purpose and desires. I utilize the therapeutic relationship to foster connection and explore resiliency and attunement with the self. In working with adolescent and adult clients, I meet you where you are respectfully and provide support to help you grow towards personal goals.
In a rapidly changing and evolving world, it may sometimes feel challenging to preserve your peace and strength. Therapy is the choice to slow down and give yourself time to reflect on what parts of yourself need compassion, acceptance, or movement to change. My aim is to empathetically and non judgmentally align with you to enliven your purpose and desires. I utilize the therapeutic relationship to foster connection and explore resiliency and attunement with the self. In working with adolescent and adult clients, I meet you where you are respectfully and provide support to help you grow towards personal goals.
(747) 279-4719 View (747) 279-4719
Photo of Christina A Castro, LPCC, Counselor
Christina A Castro
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90010  (Online Only)
You feel broken and unlovable. You feel disconnected from yourself and your life. You have past experiences that you try to forget and you tell yourself that the past does not affect you- but that's not the truth. The truth is, you feel deep pain, hurt, and maybe shame and you are tired of pretending that you're fine. You just wake up and go through the same motions over and over again. Maybe things look great on the outside but on the inside you are struggling to feel anything or you are feeling everything all at once. Let me help you. I will guide you and support you as you process the past so that you can enjoy the present.
You feel broken and unlovable. You feel disconnected from yourself and your life. You have past experiences that you try to forget and you tell yourself that the past does not affect you- but that's not the truth. The truth is, you feel deep pain, hurt, and maybe shame and you are tired of pretending that you're fine. You just wake up and go through the same motions over and over again. Maybe things look great on the outside but on the inside you are struggling to feel anything or you are feeling everything all at once. Let me help you. I will guide you and support you as you process the past so that you can enjoy the present.
(424) 378-0939 View (424) 378-0939
Photo of Cari Ginger Smulyan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cari Ginger Smulyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024
“Sometimes the bravest and most important thing you can do is just show up.” Brene Brown -Putting yourself first can be scary. Showing up in life can be overwhelming but I believe showing up is half the battle and from there we can create a collaborative therapeutic relationship to help you on your path of healing and self-discovery. I integrate principles of psychodynamic, attachment, mindfulness and humanistic theoretical approaches into my work. I believe that by looking at events and relationships in our past can help us understand patterns in our present that no longer serve us or have made us feel stuck.
“Sometimes the bravest and most important thing you can do is just show up.” Brene Brown -Putting yourself first can be scary. Showing up in life can be overwhelming but I believe showing up is half the battle and from there we can create a collaborative therapeutic relationship to help you on your path of healing and self-discovery. I integrate principles of psychodynamic, attachment, mindfulness and humanistic theoretical approaches into my work. I believe that by looking at events and relationships in our past can help us understand patterns in our present that no longer serve us or have made us feel stuck.
(424) 317-7709 View (424) 317-7709
Photo of Mari Rae Conti, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mari Rae Conti
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
The first step to seeking therapy is a courageous and often anxiety-provoking decision for new clients. I create an environment where clients feel safe and supported. I enjoy working with teens and adults on life transitions, including school adjustment, career transition, loss, family, and relationship issues. My approach to therapy is client-centered and strength-based.
The first step to seeking therapy is a courageous and often anxiety-provoking decision for new clients. I create an environment where clients feel safe and supported. I enjoy working with teens and adults on life transitions, including school adjustment, career transition, loss, family, and relationship issues. My approach to therapy is client-centered and strength-based.
(310) 879-5423 View (310) 879-5423
Photo of Dr. Yi-Xian Li, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Yi-Xian Li
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
Yi-Xian Li is a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California (PSY34118). She earned her doctoral and master's degrees (Psy.D., M.A.) in Clinical Psychology from The Wright Institute in Berkeley, CA and a bachelor's degree in East Asian Studies from Brandeis University. Prior to her current career in psychology, Dr. Li worked in media strategy and advertising in Beijing and Shanghai, China. She completed her postdoctoral fellowship at the UCSF Faculty & Staff Assistance Program where she worked with physicians, faculty, nurses, administrators, and other UCSF staff members in therapy.
Yi-Xian Li is a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California (PSY34118). She earned her doctoral and master's degrees (Psy.D., M.A.) in Clinical Psychology from The Wright Institute in Berkeley, CA and a bachelor's degree in East Asian Studies from Brandeis University. Prior to her current career in psychology, Dr. Li worked in media strategy and advertising in Beijing and Shanghai, China. She completed her postdoctoral fellowship at the UCSF Faculty & Staff Assistance Program where she worked with physicians, faculty, nurses, administrators, and other UCSF staff members in therapy.
(424) 444-0834 View (424) 444-0834
Photo of Shushanik Gaboian, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shushanik Gaboian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
My therapy style is centered around creating a safe and nurturing space where you can comfortably explore your inner world. I am committed to supporting you in befriending the parts of yourself that you find challenging to accept. With a deep passion for helping individuals integrate their struggles into a persona of strength and resilience, I strive to empower you on your healing journey. Throughout my 9 years as a clinical therapist, I have incorporated trauma-informed, evidence-based approaches into my practice.
My therapy style is centered around creating a safe and nurturing space where you can comfortably explore your inner world. I am committed to supporting you in befriending the parts of yourself that you find challenging to accept. With a deep passion for helping individuals integrate their struggles into a persona of strength and resilience, I strive to empower you on your healing journey. Throughout my 9 years as a clinical therapist, I have incorporated trauma-informed, evidence-based approaches into my practice.
(424) 699-3071 View (424) 699-3071
Photo of Cynthia Lynn Garcia, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cynthia Lynn Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
I offer a nurturing and accepting space to begin a journey of personal and relational growth. I provide therapy for individuals, couples, and families.
I offer a nurturing and accepting space to begin a journey of personal and relational growth. I provide therapy for individuals, couples, and families.
(310) 361-4715 View (310) 361-4715
Photo of Meghan Lefkowitz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meghan Lefkowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
I approach each client seeking to genuinely understand their life experiences and current struggles. I work from a place of compassion and support clients in building understanding of their emotions, habits, and relationships. I specialize in working with college students and young adults who often face major life transitions that can bring up a great deal of anxiety, depression, stress, uncertainty and relationship/family challenges.
I approach each client seeking to genuinely understand their life experiences and current struggles. I work from a place of compassion and support clients in building understanding of their emotions, habits, and relationships. I specialize in working with college students and young adults who often face major life transitions that can bring up a great deal of anxiety, depression, stress, uncertainty and relationship/family challenges.
(510) 519-5821 View (510) 519-5821
Photo of Johanne Zaporteza Zipser, MEd, BCBA
Johanne Zaporteza Zipser
Board Certified Behavior Analyst, MEd, BCBA
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90042
Our program at New England Center for OCD and Anxiety (Boston and Los Angeles) offers specialized, affirmative, compassionate, and culturally responsive care for individuals and families struggling with treatment refractory OCD and related disorders. We offer Telehealth, in-home, community, and school-based services to support you where you need it most. We use a strengths-based, affirmative approach that includes ERP (Exposure and Response Prevention), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), and ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis), to help every client build a rich and meaningful life they can love.
Our program at New England Center for OCD and Anxiety (Boston and Los Angeles) offers specialized, affirmative, compassionate, and culturally responsive care for individuals and families struggling with treatment refractory OCD and related disorders. We offer Telehealth, in-home, community, and school-based services to support you where you need it most. We use a strengths-based, affirmative approach that includes ERP (Exposure and Response Prevention), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), and ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis), to help every client build a rich and meaningful life they can love.
(857) 203-8392 View (857) 203-8392
Photo of Marisol Estrada, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marisol Estrada
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
I'm here to help. If you feel you have tried everything, you are burnt out and out of ideas in ways to make life better, that is why I am here. I offer support to individuals suffering from sadness, worry, trauma, or just feel like life is always against them. Get more details about my private practice at SolHappinessCoTherapy.com
I'm here to help. If you feel you have tried everything, you are burnt out and out of ideas in ways to make life better, that is why I am here. I offer support to individuals suffering from sadness, worry, trauma, or just feel like life is always against them. Get more details about my private practice at SolHappinessCoTherapy.com
(310) 982-2812 View (310) 982-2812
Photo of Elizabeth Iniguez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Iniguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90044
Hi. My name is Elizabeth Iniguez, I'm a licensed clinical therapist. I'm what's considered an integrative or eclectic therapist, which means that I draw upon various modalities, taking what I believe is most relevant from various methods to incorporate into my sessions, depending on what each individual is going through. I enjoy working with a variety of people. I specialize in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Trichotillomania, Dermatillomania, Hoarding Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression and anxiety disorders.
Hi. My name is Elizabeth Iniguez, I'm a licensed clinical therapist. I'm what's considered an integrative or eclectic therapist, which means that I draw upon various modalities, taking what I believe is most relevant from various methods to incorporate into my sessions, depending on what each individual is going through. I enjoy working with a variety of people. I specialize in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Trichotillomania, Dermatillomania, Hoarding Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression and anxiety disorders.
(213) 682-2262 View (213) 682-2262
Photo of Taylor Richards, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Taylor Richards
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
Navigating change, challenging circumstances, and the journey that is growing up can be difficult for us all – especially young individuals. As a therapist with a history of working in community mental health, I’ve fostered my passion for supporting individuals in finding their own path through the chaos, empowering them to identify, connect, and own their true selves in the process. I operate from a place of compassion, empathy, and empowerment through personal education to support kids, teens, and young adults to learn not only how to move through the world, but how to flourish in it.
Navigating change, challenging circumstances, and the journey that is growing up can be difficult for us all – especially young individuals. As a therapist with a history of working in community mental health, I’ve fostered my passion for supporting individuals in finding their own path through the chaos, empowering them to identify, connect, and own their true selves in the process. I operate from a place of compassion, empathy, and empowerment through personal education to support kids, teens, and young adults to learn not only how to move through the world, but how to flourish in it.
(818) 647-9327 View (818) 647-9327
Photo of Arnold Acquah, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Arnold Acquah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90015  (Online Only)
My goals as a therapist are to help my clients recognize their capacity for self-sufficiency and self-advocacy, ultimately recognizing the power that they wield. This work is done through the development of a relationship based on acceptance, respect, and collaboration. My job is to help you navigate through the complexities of life so that we can understand the underlying factors that contribute to your current struggles. This understanding may pave the way for us to work towards decreasing the distress you may be experiencing and begin working towards healing the relationships that we have with ourselves and our community.
My goals as a therapist are to help my clients recognize their capacity for self-sufficiency and self-advocacy, ultimately recognizing the power that they wield. This work is done through the development of a relationship based on acceptance, respect, and collaboration. My job is to help you navigate through the complexities of life so that we can understand the underlying factors that contribute to your current struggles. This understanding may pave the way for us to work towards decreasing the distress you may be experiencing and begin working towards healing the relationships that we have with ourselves and our community.
(213) 354-8592 View (213) 354-8592
Photo of Nora Goudsmit, PhD, Psychologist
Nora Goudsmit
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90048
In our sessions, we will engage in an open process where you can safely explore your feelings, thoughts, wishes, and behaviors. My expertise will help you to understand the underlying causes of your current difficulties. In therapy, we will clarify how your emotions impact your everyday experiences and relationships, and we will work to solve problems by identifying patterns that may be connected to your distress. I believe through therapy, as awareness is raised and insights are established, shifts and changes can be made for the betterment of your relationships, career, and daily life.
In our sessions, we will engage in an open process where you can safely explore your feelings, thoughts, wishes, and behaviors. My expertise will help you to understand the underlying causes of your current difficulties. In therapy, we will clarify how your emotions impact your everyday experiences and relationships, and we will work to solve problems by identifying patterns that may be connected to your distress. I believe through therapy, as awareness is raised and insights are established, shifts and changes can be made for the betterment of your relationships, career, and daily life.
(323) 679-6194 View (323) 679-6194
Photo of Richard Anthony Vieville Jr, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Richard Anthony Vieville Jr
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90018
I am an empathetic therapist with a passion for working with kids and families in crisis. I work to create a space where clients can feel safe and be their authentic selves. I have a passion for helping others create goals and plans to achieve these goals. I try to build upon the family's strengths to create plans that are beneficial to all of the members.
I am an empathetic therapist with a passion for working with kids and families in crisis. I work to create a space where clients can feel safe and be their authentic selves. I have a passion for helping others create goals and plans to achieve these goals. I try to build upon the family's strengths to create plans that are beneficial to all of the members.
(323) 970-3119 View (323) 970-3119
Photo of Valerie J Garrett, LMFT, CHT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Valerie J Garrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CHT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90046  (Online Only)
THERE IS A BETTER WAY... Are you living with anxiety, depression, fear, guilt, or shame? Do you feel hopeless at times? You've probably heard "pain is unavoidable, but suffering is optional." We suffer because our mind makes up a story about the painful emotion and keeps it going rather than letting it pass. Through a combination of traditional psychotherapy and hypnosis, I can help you become aware of what's not working, and together, we can create new habits and ways to deal with pain and experience relief. Are you ready to feel more comfortable, secure, loved, and accepted?
THERE IS A BETTER WAY... Are you living with anxiety, depression, fear, guilt, or shame? Do you feel hopeless at times? You've probably heard "pain is unavoidable, but suffering is optional." We suffer because our mind makes up a story about the painful emotion and keeps it going rather than letting it pass. Through a combination of traditional psychotherapy and hypnosis, I can help you become aware of what's not working, and together, we can create new habits and ways to deal with pain and experience relief. Are you ready to feel more comfortable, secure, loved, and accepted?
(323) 476-1726 View (323) 476-1726
Photo of Anahid Mosala, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anahid Mosala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90034  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Anxiety, depression and trauma can have a ripple effect throughout your whole life felt far beyond the obvious symptoms themselves. Perhaps you experience a paralyzing level of perfectionism or maybe you overschedule yourself to avoid thinking and feeling. Trauma can manifest itself in many ways and can have a significant impact on your daily life. In my practice, I specialize in working with young adults, individuals with childhood trauma and adult survivors of sexual and gender based violence with a focus on navigating daily life, relationships and boundaries to overcome these difficulties.
Anxiety, depression and trauma can have a ripple effect throughout your whole life felt far beyond the obvious symptoms themselves. Perhaps you experience a paralyzing level of perfectionism or maybe you overschedule yourself to avoid thinking and feeling. Trauma can manifest itself in many ways and can have a significant impact on your daily life. In my practice, I specialize in working with young adults, individuals with childhood trauma and adult survivors of sexual and gender based violence with a focus on navigating daily life, relationships and boundaries to overcome these difficulties.
(310) 361-4532 View (310) 361-4532
Photo of Justin Shubert, PsyD, Psychologist
Justin Shubert
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
While compassion is the cornerstone of my practice, I will also challenge you in more direct ways. Through the process of psychotherapy we come to know ourselves in a meaningful way. This self-insight can lead to comfort, purpose, and more settled, enriching relationships. * A note about COVID-19: this pandemic has already caused all of us great loss, destruction, and grief. We are anxious about what may come. It is of some solace to know that we are all feeling these things across the world, in our own ways, and that we will get through this.
While compassion is the cornerstone of my practice, I will also challenge you in more direct ways. Through the process of psychotherapy we come to know ourselves in a meaningful way. This self-insight can lead to comfort, purpose, and more settled, enriching relationships. * A note about COVID-19: this pandemic has already caused all of us great loss, destruction, and grief. We are anxious about what may come. It is of some solace to know that we are all feeling these things across the world, in our own ways, and that we will get through this.
(323) 570-4595 x2 View (323) 570-4595 x2
Photo of Veronica Correa Perin, PhD, Psychologist
Veronica Correa Perin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery that can often feel daunting to begin and my goal is to make it as comfortable as possible. I have always enjoyed the art of deep listening. I understood from a young age that opportunities to connect with others in these meaningful ways are a true gift are some of life's luxuries. People often gravitate towards relationships that feel safe and I've had the pleasure of being that somebody in clinic, school, and hospital settings.
Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery that can often feel daunting to begin and my goal is to make it as comfortable as possible. I have always enjoyed the art of deep listening. I understood from a young age that opportunities to connect with others in these meaningful ways are a true gift are some of life's luxuries. People often gravitate towards relationships that feel safe and I've had the pleasure of being that somebody in clinic, school, and hospital settings.
(424) 417-2016 View (424) 417-2016
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.