Photo of Glen Booth - Karearea Counselling, MNZCCA, Counsellor
Karearea Counselling
Counsellor, MNZCCA
Verified Verified
Timaru 7910
Kia ora, my name is Glen, I'm a fully qualified therapist with extensive training in Internal Family Systems (IFS) with IFSCA and have become part of their training team. I know it can be hard to find the right therapist. You are inviting someone into your inner world and that requires the courage to be vulnerable. It is a privilege to be part of my clients' journeys, it is sacred to me, and I value the opportunity greatly. Your courage to reach out and be vulnerable will be met safely and with respect, a space to be seen, heard and understood. A space where healing can happen.
Kia ora, my name is Glen, I'm a fully qualified therapist with extensive training in Internal Family Systems (IFS) with IFSCA and have become part of their training team. I know it can be hard to find the right therapist. You are inviting someone into your inner world and that requires the courage to be vulnerable. It is a privilege to be part of my clients' journeys, it is sacred to me, and I value the opportunity greatly. Your courage to reach out and be vulnerable will be met safely and with respect, a space to be seen, heard and understood. A space where healing can happen.
0800 627 024 x34 View 0800 627 024 x34
Photo of James Andrew Howey - James Howey, Counselling and Supervision Services, MCouns, MNZAC, Counsellor
James Howey, Counselling and Supervision Services
Counsellor, MCouns, MNZAC
Verified Verified
Timaru 7910
The experience of engaging in counselling is a deeply personal journey that affects all of us in different ways, and sometimes in ways we would never have expected. By us talking together through your concerns, counselling can support you to see solutions you didn’t know were there. It can also help you find ways to manage better and move on in your life I understand and honour that each person’s story is unique in that we are all affected by life in different ways. I also understand the importance of being respectful of each person’s culture and belief systems.
The experience of engaging in counselling is a deeply personal journey that affects all of us in different ways, and sometimes in ways we would never have expected. By us talking together through your concerns, counselling can support you to see solutions you didn’t know were there. It can also help you find ways to manage better and move on in your life I understand and honour that each person’s story is unique in that we are all affected by life in different ways. I also understand the importance of being respectful of each person’s culture and belief systems.
0800 447 264 x75 View 0800 447 264 x75
Photo of Hamish Webb, NZAC - Provisional, Counsellor
Hamish Webb
Counsellor, NZAC - Provisional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Timaru 7983
Are you looking to make a change and be able to maintain it? Perhaps you are looking for support or a different perspective on things? Want to be able to improve your mood and/or communication? Want to have control over your anger and/or addiction? Want to be able to express love and communicate better? Getting personal Counselling and Coaching will make that difference.
Are you looking to make a change and be able to maintain it? Perhaps you are looking for support or a different perspective on things? Want to be able to improve your mood and/or communication? Want to have control over your anger and/or addiction? Want to be able to express love and communicate better? Getting personal Counselling and Coaching will make that difference.
0800 627 004 x64 View 0800 627 004 x64
Photo of Evelyn Shackley, MA, PBANZ, Psychotherapist
Evelyn Shackley
Psychotherapist, MA, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Timaru 7910
Not accepting new clients
I work with adults who struggle with relationships, bullying, alcohol, anxiety, and depression. Often my clients have been abused sexually, survived domestic violence and/or neglect in their childhood. This means clients might find it hard to be in close relationships, have a sense of 'being hollow inside', constantly worry about 'getting it wrong', find it hard to say no, be constantly busy, feel angry or frustrated at others, feel 'flat and rudderless' in life, and/or self-soothe (eg alcohol) to make life easier. I am interested in helping people process their psychobiography to feel more at peace.
I work with adults who struggle with relationships, bullying, alcohol, anxiety, and depression. Often my clients have been abused sexually, survived domestic violence and/or neglect in their childhood. This means clients might find it hard to be in close relationships, have a sense of 'being hollow inside', constantly worry about 'getting it wrong', find it hard to say no, be constantly busy, feel angry or frustrated at others, feel 'flat and rudderless' in life, and/or self-soothe (eg alcohol) to make life easier. I am interested in helping people process their psychobiography to feel more at peace.
020 4083 9034 View 020 4083 9034
Photo of Counsellor Psychologist - Are you a counsellor?, Counsellor
Are you a counsellor?
Counsellor
Not Verified Not Verified
Timaru 7910
Dear Counselling Professionals! Welcome to Psychology Today's Counselling Directory. Clients are looking for your help. Be the first to join us in your area. Click on the 'sign up' link above, and join us today.
Dear Counselling Professionals! Welcome to Psychology Today's Counselling Directory. Clients are looking for your help. Be the first to join us in your area. Click on the 'sign up' link above, and join us today.

Online Therapists

Photo of Vanessa Gardner - Inward Journey Counselling, NZAC - Provisional, Counsellor
Inward Journey Counselling
Counsellor, NZAC - Provisional
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8013
Kia ora! Ko Vanessa toku ingoa. My pronouns are she/her and I am an experienced and qualified counsellor registered with NZAC. I specialize in providing therapy for individuals who have experienced trauma and other significant disruptions in life. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and I work closely with my clients to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their unique needs and goals.
Kia ora! Ko Vanessa toku ingoa. My pronouns are she/her and I am an experienced and qualified counsellor registered with NZAC. I specialize in providing therapy for individuals who have experienced trauma and other significant disruptions in life. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and I work closely with my clients to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their unique needs and goals.
0800 447 359 x20 View 0800 447 359 x20
Photo of David Cartwright, PhD, PBANZ, Psychotherapist
David Cartwright
Psychotherapist, PhD, PBANZ
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8023  (Online Only)
By reaching out to a therapist you have probably already come through a lot of self-doubt and difficulty. You likely have some inner distress or questions and want some support and collaboration to understand why you are where you are, why you feel the way you do at the moment, and what to do next. You may be quite anxious or have some depression, or both. You may feel overwhelmed and alone in your situation.
By reaching out to a therapist you have probably already come through a lot of self-doubt and difficulty. You likely have some inner distress or questions and want some support and collaboration to understand why you are where you are, why you feel the way you do at the moment, and what to do next. You may be quite anxious or have some depression, or both. You may feel overwhelmed and alone in your situation.
0800 627 004 x22 View 0800 627 004 x22
Photo of Ross Palethorpe, NZAC - Provisional, Counsellor
Ross Palethorpe
Counsellor, NZAC - Provisional
Verified Verified
Oamaru 9400
I work a lot with people who've never seen a counsellor before. I'm interested in who you are now, where you want to be, and work with you to get there. I live in a rural area, have lots of experience working with the rainbow and neurodivergent communities, and strive to build a trusting, supportive relationship with clients where we can get to the heart of your situation. I can help you find your strengths, collaborate on strategies that work for you, and listen when you need someone to really hear your story.
I work a lot with people who've never seen a counsellor before. I'm interested in who you are now, where you want to be, and work with you to get there. I live in a rural area, have lots of experience working with the rainbow and neurodivergent communities, and strive to build a trusting, supportive relationship with clients where we can get to the heart of your situation. I can help you find your strengths, collaborate on strategies that work for you, and listen when you need someone to really hear your story.
0800 468 212 x77 View 0800 468 212 x77
Photo of T Melanie Lake, PhD, Psychologist
T Melanie Lake
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8042
Welcome. Seeking psychological help is a courageous step & I aim to make it accessible, understandable & effective for clients. Please feel free to email me. I am a Doctorate-level qualified Clinical Psychologist who can help with assessment & therapy for mental health needs, personal problems or relationship issues. I work in a transparent way, explaining what we do & why, to increase your insight & engagement in your therapy. A good “fit” between client & psychologist is key & I would encourage you to look until you find that. I offer evidence-based strategies & coping skills, or can advise self-help or other resources at times.
Welcome. Seeking psychological help is a courageous step & I aim to make it accessible, understandable & effective for clients. Please feel free to email me. I am a Doctorate-level qualified Clinical Psychologist who can help with assessment & therapy for mental health needs, personal problems or relationship issues. I work in a transparent way, explaining what we do & why, to increase your insight & engagement in your therapy. A good “fit” between client & psychologist is key & I would encourage you to look until you find that. I offer evidence-based strategies & coping skills, or can advise self-help or other resources at times.
View
Photo of Alisa Woodruff, MA, Counsellor
Alisa Woodruff
Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Christchurch 8011
I currently have space for new clients in September/October. Struggling to cope with life or in crisis? Give me a call or text and we can have a chat about how I can help. I enjoy working with people from diverse backgrounds. I use a combination of approaches and skill building strategies to assist in creating change. If you are new to counselling check out my blog on "Getting the most out of therapy" at www.ngakautherapy.com. I have experience in working with young people and all age ranges, neurodiversity and trauma. Take advantage of $20 discount on the first session.
I currently have space for new clients in September/October. Struggling to cope with life or in crisis? Give me a call or text and we can have a chat about how I can help. I enjoy working with people from diverse backgrounds. I use a combination of approaches and skill building strategies to assist in creating change. If you are new to counselling check out my blog on "Getting the most out of therapy" at www.ngakautherapy.com. I have experience in working with young people and all age ranges, neurodiversity and trauma. Take advantage of $20 discount on the first session.
0800 627 024 x50 View 0800 627 024 x50
Photo of Madhu Munasinghe, MPsych, Psychologist
Madhu Munasinghe
Psychologist, MPsych
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8022
Are you or your child facing mental health difficulties like depression, mental breakdown, self-harm, anxiety, anger, trauma, relationship struggles, or self-esteem issues? With my expertise and evidence-based therapeutic techniques, I can provide the support you need to overcome these challenges and regain control of your life. From emotional regulation to trauma healing, I assess and address various psychological problems such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), support in the diagnosis process of ADHD and more. Through assessment and therapy, you'll discover the tools to improve your present and embrace a brighter future
Are you or your child facing mental health difficulties like depression, mental breakdown, self-harm, anxiety, anger, trauma, relationship struggles, or self-esteem issues? With my expertise and evidence-based therapeutic techniques, I can provide the support you need to overcome these challenges and regain control of your life. From emotional regulation to trauma healing, I assess and address various psychological problems such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), support in the diagnosis process of ADHD and more. Through assessment and therapy, you'll discover the tools to improve your present and embrace a brighter future
0800 447 359 x65 View 0800 447 359 x65
Photo of Maree Stachel-Williamson, MNZAC, Counsellor
Maree Stachel-Williamson
Counsellor, MNZAC
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8013
It can really help to have someone neutral who you can rely on to be non-judgemental, supportive, and confidential during challenging times. Even if things are generally going well but you'd like to make some improvements in life or do some self-discovery work, having a safe, supportive space just for yourself, your thoughts and emotions, can be hugely beneficial.
It can really help to have someone neutral who you can rely on to be non-judgemental, supportive, and confidential during challenging times. Even if things are generally going well but you'd like to make some improvements in life or do some self-discovery work, having a safe, supportive space just for yourself, your thoughts and emotions, can be hugely beneficial.
0800 447 264 x60 View 0800 447 264 x60
Photo of Laura James, MCouns, MNZAC, Counsellor
Laura James
Counsellor, MCouns, MNZAC
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8023
Hi there, I'm Laura, registered counsellor for the past 14 years. I have worked with a variety of clients with an array of personal challenges with a special interest in working with families in addiction, trauma, grief, anxiety and depression. My focus is on facilitating and exploring with clients ways to develop their inner resource and cope with triggering situations, fostering therapeutic relationships and helping clients to achieve their goals and support long term wellbeing.
Hi there, I'm Laura, registered counsellor for the past 14 years. I have worked with a variety of clients with an array of personal challenges with a special interest in working with families in addiction, trauma, grief, anxiety and depression. My focus is on facilitating and exploring with clients ways to develop their inner resource and cope with triggering situations, fostering therapeutic relationships and helping clients to achieve their goals and support long term wellbeing.
0800 627 004 x25 View 0800 627 004 x25
Photo of Jenna Steer, NZCCA, Counsellor
Jenna Steer
Counsellor, NZCCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Temuka 7920
If you're reading this, chances are you're on a journey. Maybe you're navigating through the tangled web of life, feeling a bit like Indiana Jones without the map. Well, fear not, because I'm here to be your guide through the jungle of emotions, thoughts, and everything in between. Counselling can be daunting. It's like going on a blind date with your feelings, except I promise there won't be any awkward small talk or fumbling for topics. Instead, imagine a safe space where you can unload your mental backpack, unpack those thoughts, and together, we'll sift through them like treasure hunters on a mission.
If you're reading this, chances are you're on a journey. Maybe you're navigating through the tangled web of life, feeling a bit like Indiana Jones without the map. Well, fear not, because I'm here to be your guide through the jungle of emotions, thoughts, and everything in between. Counselling can be daunting. It's like going on a blind date with your feelings, except I promise there won't be any awkward small talk or fumbling for topics. Instead, imagine a safe space where you can unload your mental backpack, unpack those thoughts, and together, we'll sift through them like treasure hunters on a mission.
0800 451 520 x52 View 0800 451 520 x52
Photo of Grace Miles
Grace Miles
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8014  (Online Only)
Hello I'm Grace. I've always been fascinated by what makes people resilient in the face of adversity. My passion is people feeling fully felt and revealing their innate ability to overcome subconscious sabotaging patterns that keep them stuck. Are you struggling with pain and fatigue and is this leading to overwhelm or despair? The vicious cycle of sleep loss and brain fog can make you feel like you're drowning. If you want to feel more choice and control in your life and reclaim your sense of passion and purpose then please know that it is possible to develop the resilience to manage your symptoms. I speak from experience.
Hello I'm Grace. I've always been fascinated by what makes people resilient in the face of adversity. My passion is people feeling fully felt and revealing their innate ability to overcome subconscious sabotaging patterns that keep them stuck. Are you struggling with pain and fatigue and is this leading to overwhelm or despair? The vicious cycle of sleep loss and brain fog can make you feel like you're drowning. If you want to feel more choice and control in your life and reclaim your sense of passion and purpose then please know that it is possible to develop the resilience to manage your symptoms. I speak from experience.
0800 627 024 x23 View 0800 627 024 x23
Photo of Talia Norriss
Talia Norriss
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Christchurch 8025
5/5/24 Space available! I enjoy working with people from a diverse set of backgrounds and ages. I believe that therapy can bring meaningful change for those I work with. You may be wondering if therapy is the right approach for you, and not know where to start or what to say. That is completely normal! I aim to create a safe space where we can explore what brings you to therapy. I provide a personalised flexible approach to help people get the most out of sessions, and offer practical tools that can be used in everyday life. I offer sessions outside business hours for those who need flexibility. Christchurch or Online.
5/5/24 Space available! I enjoy working with people from a diverse set of backgrounds and ages. I believe that therapy can bring meaningful change for those I work with. You may be wondering if therapy is the right approach for you, and not know where to start or what to say. That is completely normal! I aim to create a safe space where we can explore what brings you to therapy. I provide a personalised flexible approach to help people get the most out of sessions, and offer practical tools that can be used in everyday life. I offer sessions outside business hours for those who need flexibility. Christchurch or Online.
0800 627 003 x46 View 0800 627 003 x46
Photo of Vicki Maree Fowler, PhD, NZPsS Member, Psychologist
Vicki Maree Fowler
Psychologist, PhD, NZPsS Member
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8022
My name is Dr Vicki Fowler (PhD) and I am a Life Coach & Registered Psychologist. I would like to welcome my very special clients to my website www.drvickifowler.com. As a Life Coach I enjoy setting meaningful goals for clients and as a Registered Psychologist I am able to clinically work with a range of conditions and issues. My charge-out rate is ($172.50 incl GST per hour). My Special Clients are Clients seeking Help for Anxiety/Depression, Stress, Work & Relationship Difficulties, Alcohol, Gambling, Grief/Bereavement & Other Issues. I look forward to working with you to achieve goals that you want in a clinically meaningful way.
My name is Dr Vicki Fowler (PhD) and I am a Life Coach & Registered Psychologist. I would like to welcome my very special clients to my website www.drvickifowler.com. As a Life Coach I enjoy setting meaningful goals for clients and as a Registered Psychologist I am able to clinically work with a range of conditions and issues. My charge-out rate is ($172.50 incl GST per hour). My Special Clients are Clients seeking Help for Anxiety/Depression, Stress, Work & Relationship Difficulties, Alcohol, Gambling, Grief/Bereavement & Other Issues. I look forward to working with you to achieve goals that you want in a clinically meaningful way.
021 415 588 View 021 415 588
Lynne Abel
Counsellor, MNZCCA
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8023
I am a trauma based, eclectic therapist with a person centred base. I have a B. Counselling. I am ACC registered. I have training in somatisation, Elijah House, sex therapy, sex addictions, & trauma. I worked in our local men's prison for 15 years as a 1 on 1 therapist. I work with people with axis 1 & 2 diagnoses, & was a registered psychopaedic nurse (people with learning difficulties & behavioral issues) a number of years ago. My ideal client is one who turns up & wants to work. Or maybe thinks they might want to work. Or had been told they need to do some work. I also zoom. Contact me & we'll start a conversation.
I am a trauma based, eclectic therapist with a person centred base. I have a B. Counselling. I am ACC registered. I have training in somatisation, Elijah House, sex therapy, sex addictions, & trauma. I worked in our local men's prison for 15 years as a 1 on 1 therapist. I work with people with axis 1 & 2 diagnoses, & was a registered psychopaedic nurse (people with learning difficulties & behavioral issues) a number of years ago. My ideal client is one who turns up & wants to work. Or maybe thinks they might want to work. Or had been told they need to do some work. I also zoom. Contact me & we'll start a conversation.
0800 627 003 x75 View 0800 627 003 x75
Photo of Alison Kay Paterson - Heart and Mind: Couples & Relationship Counselling, NZCCA, Counsellor
Heart and Mind: Couples & Relationship Counselling
Counsellor, NZCCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Christchurch 8013
Kia ora, My name is Kay. I'm a relationship counsellor working with couples, families, parents, and individuals. My therapy room is in Christchurch City Centre on Bealey Avenue. ​I believe that there is little of greater importance than living in right relationship: with ourselves, our partner, our family, and our community. I understand how we long to be understood and loved by the important people in our lives, however sometimes we struggle to achieve this. I would be honoured to work with you to improve the quality of your relationships and your life. Read more on my website: www.heartandmind.org.nz
Kia ora, My name is Kay. I'm a relationship counsellor working with couples, families, parents, and individuals. My therapy room is in Christchurch City Centre on Bealey Avenue. ​I believe that there is little of greater importance than living in right relationship: with ourselves, our partner, our family, and our community. I understand how we long to be understood and loved by the important people in our lives, however sometimes we struggle to achieve this. I would be honoured to work with you to improve the quality of your relationships and your life. Read more on my website: www.heartandmind.org.nz
0800 468 212 x82 View 0800 468 212 x82
Photo of Carol Alletta Woolf - Integrated Therapies, Counsellor
Integrated Therapies
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Christchurch 8083
I have 18 years experience in working with people from all walks of life in health and wellbeing setting. 17 years of working for the Health Board across a range of areas. I have the skills and training to work with significant trauma including sexual trauma, identity issues, health and ageing, life changes, helping you to meet your life potential. I do individual and couple counselling. I do work with teenagers and family also.
I have 18 years experience in working with people from all walks of life in health and wellbeing setting. 17 years of working for the Health Board across a range of areas. I have the skills and training to work with significant trauma including sexual trauma, identity issues, health and ageing, life changes, helping you to meet your life potential. I do individual and couple counselling. I do work with teenagers and family also.
0800 447 359 x78 View 0800 447 359 x78

See more therapy options for Timaru

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Timaru

< 10

Counsellors in Timaru who prioritize treating:

80% Relationship Issues
80% Depression
80% Anxiety
80% Divorce
60% Life Coaching
60% Anger Management
60% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

11 Years

Gender breakdown

75% Male
25% Female

How Counsellors in Timaru see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Timaru?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the New Zealand Psychologists Board under the Health Practitioners Competency Assurance Act 2003 (HPCA Act). To be listed in the directory, psychotherapists must be registered through the Psychotherapists Board of Aotearoa New Zealand. Counsellors listed in the directory should have a minimum training of NZQF 6 or higher, and many are registered with a professional body, such as the New Zealand Association of Counsellors (NZAC).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for counsellors in New Zealand, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, and psychotherapists  can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in New Zealand.

Psychologists possess a minimum of a master's degree in Psychology and are registered with the New Zealand Psychologists Board. Psychotherapists typically hold the equivalent of a Master's or Doctorate Degree in Psychotherapy, depending on their programme of study. Many psychotherapists have themselves undergone psychotherapy as part of their training. In order to be a member of NZAC, Counsellors must have a bachelor's or master's degree in Counselling and complete ongoing professional development and education.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in New Zealand could be between $100 and $200. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. To access these services you will need to be assessed and referred by your GP or family doctor. However, you will have limited choice regarding the specialist and the length of treatment that will be assigned to you. In addition, Community Mental Health and Addiction services are also available through your local District Health Board (DHB).

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals registered with the Boards and/or who are members of professional organisations are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.