Photo of Blathnaid Mc Cabe - reachoutpsychotherpy.com, MA, Psychotherapist
reachoutpsychotherpy.com
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
I am a Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist and have extensive experience in the area of mental health and wellbeing for over 20 years. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, carers and adults. I worked in Youth Mental Health, and various children's services. I have also worked in the specialist area of child trauma. I am child focused and I endeavour to understand the needs of the child no matter how big or small. I am dedicated to my work and I am committed to enabling people to make meaningful change. I have been privileged to gain valuable experience which helps me to continue to provide excellent quality care.
I am a Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist and have extensive experience in the area of mental health and wellbeing for over 20 years. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, carers and adults. I worked in Youth Mental Health, and various children's services. I have also worked in the specialist area of child trauma. I am child focused and I endeavour to understand the needs of the child no matter how big or small. I am dedicated to my work and I am committed to enabling people to make meaningful change. I have been privileged to gain valuable experience which helps me to continue to provide excellent quality care.
(01) 267 6552 x47 View (01) 267 6552 x47
Photo of Dr. Colm Marren, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI, Psychologist
Dr. Colm Marren
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
Waitlist for new clients
Dr Colm Marren is a chartered psychologist with the Psychological Society of Ireland, and holds a Doctorate in Counselling Psychology from Trinity College Dublin as well as a Masters in Applied Psychology, a Higher Diploma in Psychology, and a BA (Hons) Degree in Journalism. Colm currently works with adults and adolescents in private practice, and has previously worked with adults, children and adolescents in the HSE, and with individual adults and groups in the Irish Prison Service.
Dr Colm Marren is a chartered psychologist with the Psychological Society of Ireland, and holds a Doctorate in Counselling Psychology from Trinity College Dublin as well as a Masters in Applied Psychology, a Higher Diploma in Psychology, and a BA (Hons) Degree in Journalism. Colm currently works with adults and adolescents in private practice, and has previously worked with adults, children and adolescents in the HSE, and with individual adults and groups in the Irish Prison Service.
083 147 6014 View 083 147 6014
Photo of Andrea Holahan - Andrea Inglis Holahan , MSc, Psychotherapist
Andrea Inglis Holahan
Psychotherapist, MSc
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
Young people experiencing emotional and behavioural disturbances can find it challenging to communicate or understand why they feel this way. The process of Child Art Psychotherapy can benefit in many ways as it is relational and fosters consistency and containment. The psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approach of Art Psychotherapy incorporates verbal and non-verbal communication to gain insight into the child's thoughts and beliefs systems. The focus of therapy is to understand the unconscious material that influences behaviour and emotions in order to foster change and promote healthy psychological functioning.
Young people experiencing emotional and behavioural disturbances can find it challenging to communicate or understand why they feel this way. The process of Child Art Psychotherapy can benefit in many ways as it is relational and fosters consistency and containment. The psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approach of Art Psychotherapy incorporates verbal and non-verbal communication to gain insight into the child's thoughts and beliefs systems. The focus of therapy is to understand the unconscious material that influences behaviour and emotions in order to foster change and promote healthy psychological functioning.
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Photo of Mari Flynn, MSc, ICP, Psychotherapist
Mari Flynn
Psychotherapist, MSc, ICP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louth, County Louth A91
Taking the first step in deciding to attend therapy is often the hardest part, it can be difficult to admit to ourselves that we may need the intervention of another to assist us on this journey. Coming to speak allows an individual to be heard in way that is specific to them, a singular , and not to fit the specifics of ticking the boxes. Speaking about your way of experiencing life and it's difficulties and challenges, can free up a person and allow them to look through a different lens.
Taking the first step in deciding to attend therapy is often the hardest part, it can be difficult to admit to ourselves that we may need the intervention of another to assist us on this journey. Coming to speak allows an individual to be heard in way that is specific to them, a singular , and not to fit the specifics of ticking the boxes. Speaking about your way of experiencing life and it's difficulties and challenges, can free up a person and allow them to look through a different lens.
(01) 267 6552 x85 View (01) 267 6552 x85
Photo of Geraldine Carroll, MSc, MIAHIP, Psychotherapist
Geraldine Carroll
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
I use an Integrative and Humanistic approach to psychotherapy and counselling and believe in the quality of the therapeutic relationship to provide a safe and supportive space for clients.
I use an Integrative and Humanistic approach to psychotherapy and counselling and believe in the quality of the therapeutic relationship to provide a safe and supportive space for clients.
(01) 267 6527 x50 View (01) 267 6527 x50
Photo of Donna Mc Cafferty (Online Only), MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP, Psychotherapist
Donna Mc Cafferty (Online Only)
Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louth, County Louth A91  (Online Only)
Hi, a very warm welcome to you. My name is Donna and I am passionate about helping people find hope, meaning, healing and peace within their lives and their relationships. I work from the perspective that just as every person, problem and challenge is unique and individual, so too are the things that will help.
Hi, a very warm welcome to you. My name is Donna and I am passionate about helping people find hope, meaning, healing and peace within their lives and their relationships. I work from the perspective that just as every person, problem and challenge is unique and individual, so too are the things that will help.
(01) 592 4196 x16 View (01) 592 4196 x16
Photo of Liam O Dwyer, MSc, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Liam O Dwyer
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
Wherever you are. However you are. You are welcome. Yes, sometimes we just can’t do it on our own and we need help. Therapy is one way to resource yourself to meet some of life’s challenges. Crippling anxiety, overwhelming grief, black depression are sources of deep pain and dark suffering. They can also be as a consequence of early traumatic experiences or negative beliefs we hold about ourselves. To accept where you are is the first step in healing yourself. Hi, I’m Liam and I create a safe place for you to explore your world, where I meet you with compassion and non-judgement in a confidential setting.
Wherever you are. However you are. You are welcome. Yes, sometimes we just can’t do it on our own and we need help. Therapy is one way to resource yourself to meet some of life’s challenges. Crippling anxiety, overwhelming grief, black depression are sources of deep pain and dark suffering. They can also be as a consequence of early traumatic experiences or negative beliefs we hold about ourselves. To accept where you are is the first step in healing yourself. Hi, I’m Liam and I create a safe place for you to explore your world, where I meet you with compassion and non-judgement in a confidential setting.
087 220 7364 View 087 220 7364
Photo of Michelle Kelly [Kelly Counselling], MIACP, Psychotherapist
Michelle Kelly [Kelly Counselling]
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
I will accompany you as you gain insight into your feelings, behaviours and concerns. I can also support you in developing healthy coping skills, to enhance your emotional well-being. Counselling is not undertaken with the intention of changing who we are. It's an opportunity to understand yourself fully, so that you can begin to move forward from a position of increased personal insight and self-compassion.
I will accompany you as you gain insight into your feelings, behaviours and concerns. I can also support you in developing healthy coping skills, to enhance your emotional well-being. Counselling is not undertaken with the intention of changing who we are. It's an opportunity to understand yourself fully, so that you can begin to move forward from a position of increased personal insight and self-compassion.
(01) 568 2872 x87 View (01) 568 2872 x87
Photo of Elaine Celine Sharkey - Elaine Sharkey Counselling , MIACP, Counsellor
Elaine Sharkey Counselling
Counsellor, MIACP
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing difficulty in your life? Are you overwhelmed by feelings of stress, anxiety, depression, sadness, loss or maybe you feel stuck and can't see a way forward? I offer a listening ear so you can share your difficulties and explore your feelings, safe in the knowledge that you will be treated with respect, kindness and that you will be heard without judgement. I will help you to work through your concerns so that you can face life head on and strive towards a happier future.
Are you experiencing difficulty in your life? Are you overwhelmed by feelings of stress, anxiety, depression, sadness, loss or maybe you feel stuck and can't see a way forward? I offer a listening ear so you can share your difficulties and explore your feelings, safe in the knowledge that you will be treated with respect, kindness and that you will be heard without judgement. I will help you to work through your concerns so that you can face life head on and strive towards a happier future.
(01) 263 0393 x58 View (01) 263 0393 x58
Photo of Richard Meacham - Online Psychologists, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI, Psychologist
Online Psychologists
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91  (Online Only)
Richard is a Counselling Psychologist and a Chartered member of the Psychological Society of Ireland. He works with people who have a deep desire to change the patterns within their relationships, either with themselves or with others. Richard has worked with clients from 4 to 94, in a variety of different setting, from primary care public health services, to the hospice service. He has worked with people with present with a number of different issues, from addiction to trauma, which are often interlinked.
Richard is a Counselling Psychologist and a Chartered member of the Psychological Society of Ireland. He works with people who have a deep desire to change the patterns within their relationships, either with themselves or with others. Richard has worked with clients from 4 to 94, in a variety of different setting, from primary care public health services, to the hospice service. He has worked with people with present with a number of different issues, from addiction to trauma, which are often interlinked.
(01) 568 2872 x55 View (01) 568 2872 x55
Photo of Abiola Muhammed-Ogunfowora, DCounsPsych, MPSI, Psychologist
Abiola Muhammed-Ogunfowora
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, MPSI
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
You are constantly feeling like something is missing. Caring for others is beginning to take its toll on you. You are not sure what is going on but you just know things can not stay the same. Deciding to attend therapy can be challenging. Finding a suitable therapist even more difficult. Trusting a psychologist to take this journey with you can be extremely terrifying and intimidating. If you are looking for someone that will be understanding, supportive but most of all help you achieve your therapeutic goals. Contact me now and begin your process.
You are constantly feeling like something is missing. Caring for others is beginning to take its toll on you. You are not sure what is going on but you just know things can not stay the same. Deciding to attend therapy can be challenging. Finding a suitable therapist even more difficult. Trusting a psychologist to take this journey with you can be extremely terrifying and intimidating. If you are looking for someone that will be understanding, supportive but most of all help you achieve your therapeutic goals. Contact me now and begin your process.
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Photo of Louise M Patterson, MA, MIAHIP, Psychotherapist
Louise M Patterson
Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louth, County Louth A91
Not accepting new clients
Please note unfortunately I am not currently taking new referrals. I am an adult, child and adolescent Psychotherapist. I have worked in a number of sectors including school settings, residential care settings, and for charitable bodies. I am passionate about working therapeutically with families, children and teens living with life challenges such as anxiety, bereavement, selective mutism, parental separation, foster and residential care, ADHD, Autism, bereavement, homelessness, amongst others.
Please note unfortunately I am not currently taking new referrals. I am an adult, child and adolescent Psychotherapist. I have worked in a number of sectors including school settings, residential care settings, and for charitable bodies. I am passionate about working therapeutically with families, children and teens living with life challenges such as anxiety, bereavement, selective mutism, parental separation, foster and residential care, ADHD, Autism, bereavement, homelessness, amongst others.
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Photo of Shane Cosgrave - €70, NAPCP, Counsellor
€70
Counsellor, NAPCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louth, County Louth A91  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Shane. BSc. (Hons) in Integrative Counselling & Psychotherapy. I work with 16yrs+. I work online which might suit some. it doesn't matter what happened or who you are right now, I'm here to listen and support you in whatever way you need. I never judge. We all have our story and reasons for our actions. Let's write the next chapter together.
Hi, I'm Shane. BSc. (Hons) in Integrative Counselling & Psychotherapy. I work with 16yrs+. I work online which might suit some. it doesn't matter what happened or who you are right now, I'm here to listen and support you in whatever way you need. I never judge. We all have our story and reasons for our actions. Let's write the next chapter together.
(01) 267 6527 x70 View (01) 267 6527 x70
Photo of Sharon Oughton Msc Bsc Micp - Connections Psychotherapy, MSc, ICP, Psychotherapist
Connections Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, ICP
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91
Not accepting new clients
Hello, my name is Sharon, I am an experienced psychotherapist, counsellor and clinical supervisor with over twenty years' offering counselling and therapy. I offer an attuned, kind, relational approach. Long and short term work is available for all issues big and small. Specialist in working with teens and young adults. Also working with parents/carers of younger children. Exploring any emotional issues, such as difficult childhood experiences, including experiences of abuse or trauma as well as general day to day stresses and issues. Sessions are offered in person in my welcoming room or online via zoom.
Hello, my name is Sharon, I am an experienced psychotherapist, counsellor and clinical supervisor with over twenty years' offering counselling and therapy. I offer an attuned, kind, relational approach. Long and short term work is available for all issues big and small. Specialist in working with teens and young adults. Also working with parents/carers of younger children. Exploring any emotional issues, such as difficult childhood experiences, including experiences of abuse or trauma as well as general day to day stresses and issues. Sessions are offered in person in my welcoming room or online via zoom.
(01) 267 6527 x98 View (01) 267 6527 x98
Photo of Damien O' Connor, MSc, IAHIP Assoc, Psychotherapist
Damien O' Connor
Psychotherapist, MSc, IAHIP Assoc
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louth, County Louth A91
Imagine what it would be like to look forward to your weekly therapy session. To meet with a therapist who you feel, really understands you and is with you every step of your journey. Someone in your life who wont judge you for anything you bring but will continue to support you. The therapist you truly deserve. I may be that therapist for you, lets find out. I work from a person centred, humanistic modality, where I recognise you as the expert in your life, not the therapist. working alongside you as you discover your strength and experience your growth, overcoming what is causing you pain or holding you back.
Imagine what it would be like to look forward to your weekly therapy session. To meet with a therapist who you feel, really understands you and is with you every step of your journey. Someone in your life who wont judge you for anything you bring but will continue to support you. The therapist you truly deserve. I may be that therapist for you, lets find out. I work from a person centred, humanistic modality, where I recognise you as the expert in your life, not the therapist. working alongside you as you discover your strength and experience your growth, overcoming what is causing you pain or holding you back.
(01) 267 6517 x97 View (01) 267 6517 x97
Photo of Maura Davis - FeelBetterTherapy.ie, MSc, MIACP, Psychotherapist
FeelBetterTherapy.ie
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Verified Verified
Louth, County Louth A91  (Online Only)
We are a team of skilled, experienced Irish Psychotherapists providing affordable Online Therapy to Adults & Couples. Appointments are available within 8 hours. If you need professional help with anxiety, stress, depression, or if your relationship would benefit from couple therapy, book an online session with us today. Our experienced practitioners provide confidential help and support with any issue causing you emotion pain or distress. We provide Therapy at a time and place that suits you. Individual sessions €65/ Bundles of 4 €240. Book at www.FeelBetterTherapy.ie. . Phone/WhatsApp 085 1465854.
We are a team of skilled, experienced Irish Psychotherapists providing affordable Online Therapy to Adults & Couples. Appointments are available within 8 hours. If you need professional help with anxiety, stress, depression, or if your relationship would benefit from couple therapy, book an online session with us today. Our experienced practitioners provide confidential help and support with any issue causing you emotion pain or distress. We provide Therapy at a time and place that suits you. Individual sessions €65/ Bundles of 4 €240. Book at www.FeelBetterTherapy.ie. . Phone/WhatsApp 085 1465854.
(01) 267 6675 x74 View (01) 267 6675 x74

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Robert John Byrne, MIACP, Counsellor
Robert John Byrne
Counsellor, MIACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dundalk, County Louth A91
My clients are Adults and Adolescence. I like to work with a directive and CBT approach to help my client to gain the coping skills to overcome the problem that they has presented with. Working during Covid as a therapist the main client presenting issues for me are Anxiety, social isolation , behavioral, Low self esteem and confidence, stress. Once we identify the clients goal by creating new coping skills in a safe space. My client can learn to redirect the negative thought patterns, feelings and actions so they can achieve their desired goal.
My clients are Adults and Adolescence. I like to work with a directive and CBT approach to help my client to gain the coping skills to overcome the problem that they has presented with. Working during Covid as a therapist the main client presenting issues for me are Anxiety, social isolation , behavioral, Low self esteem and confidence, stress. Once we identify the clients goal by creating new coping skills in a safe space. My client can learn to redirect the negative thought patterns, feelings and actions so they can achieve their desired goal.
(01) 267 6641 x38 View (01) 267 6641 x38
Photo of Dow Kaewchit - Réalta Counselling & Psychotherapy , DCounsPsych, NAPCP, Counsellor
Réalta Counselling & Psychotherapy
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, NAPCP
Verified Verified
Dundalk, County Louth A91
Are you going through a difficult time at the moment? Do you need to talk to someone?. At Réalta Counselling and Psychotherapy I offer face-face and online therapy where you will be accepted and valued as who you are. I work collaboratively with my clients to empower them on their journey with an emphasis on validating their difficulties to achieve a healthy change. I offer a safe, confidential and a non-judgmental space where together we can explore the issues that have led you to this point in your life.
Are you going through a difficult time at the moment? Do you need to talk to someone?. At Réalta Counselling and Psychotherapy I offer face-face and online therapy where you will be accepted and valued as who you are. I work collaboratively with my clients to empower them on their journey with an emphasis on validating their difficulties to achieve a healthy change. I offer a safe, confidential and a non-judgmental space where together we can explore the issues that have led you to this point in your life.
(01) 263 0393 x76 View (01) 263 0393 x76
Photo of Shauneen Mackin - Shauneen Mackin Counselling and Psychotherapy, MSc, Counsellor
Shauneen Mackin Counselling and Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MSc
Verified Verified
Dundalk, County Louth A91  (Online Only)
I am an integrative psychotherapist and I currently offer online/telephone sessions. I work with clients with a variety of issues from trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, early childhood experiences, and relationship difficulties. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore any challenges you may be facing. We will work together to ensure you meet your therapeutic goals helping you move towards healing.
I am an integrative psychotherapist and I currently offer online/telephone sessions. I work with clients with a variety of issues from trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, early childhood experiences, and relationship difficulties. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore any challenges you may be facing. We will work together to ensure you meet your therapeutic goals helping you move towards healing.
(01) 263 0393 x62 View (01) 263 0393 x62
Photo of Niamh Duffy, MSc, Psychotherapist
Niamh Duffy
Psychotherapist, MSc
Verified Verified
Dundalk, County Louth A91
Are you noticing repetitive patterns of suffering or discontent in your life? Are you overwhelmed and struggling with a difficulty in some aspect of your life? Perhaps you have a curiosity about these repetitive patterns? I offer a place where you can be guided towards being reflective in your discovery of the reasons underlying the struggles you are experiencing. With the support of individual therapy sessions, we can work towards closing the gap between where you are right now and where you want to be.
Are you noticing repetitive patterns of suffering or discontent in your life? Are you overwhelmed and struggling with a difficulty in some aspect of your life? Perhaps you have a curiosity about these repetitive patterns? I offer a place where you can be guided towards being reflective in your discovery of the reasons underlying the struggles you are experiencing. With the support of individual therapy sessions, we can work towards closing the gap between where you are right now and where you want to be.
(01) 267 6517 x46 View (01) 267 6517 x46

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Louth

10+

Average cost per session

€80

Counsellors in Louth who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
94% Bereavement
94% Self Esteem
88% Depression
88% Trauma and PTSD
88% Stress
81% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Laya
100% VHI
75% Aviva

How Counsellors in Louth see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Louth?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, eircode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or eircode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are accredited members of the main professional associations, mainly the Irish Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP) and the Irish Council for Psychotherapy (ICP). Most Psychologists are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement in Ireland, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Ireland. Psychologists have earned a doctoral degree in psychology and many are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI). Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a doctoral degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the IACP or ICP, they must complete a minimum of an NFQ Level 7 programme with 100 hours of clinical experience and a minimum of 450 hours of post-training clinical experience under clinical supervision.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in Ireland could cost between €50 – €90 when seeing a counsellor and €75 - €120 or more when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The National Counselling Service (NCS) is a government-funded service that provides short to medium term counselling and psychotherapy for free to individuals who have experienced trauma or abuse. The service can be accessed by GP referral or self-referral.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your eircode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the IACP, the ICP, or PSI are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a child is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.