Counselling in Dunmanway

Photo of Roisin Brennan, Pre-Accredited Member IACP, Psychotherapist
Roisin Brennan
Psychotherapist, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
Hi there, my name is Roisin. I offer a non-judgemental space for clients to understand their relationships with themselves and others, to unpack their worries related to particular life events or discuss past experiences which may feel unresolved or unheard. I support clients in understanding and navigating emotional responses which may be impacting their day to day life, such as feelings of overwhelm, anxiety, panic, fear, sadness, loneliness, shame or anger. I work together with clients to help them uncover meaningful ways in which they might approach these challenges and explore their unique self healing capabilities.
Hi there, my name is Roisin. I offer a non-judgemental space for clients to understand their relationships with themselves and others, to unpack their worries related to particular life events or discuss past experiences which may feel unresolved or unheard. I support clients in understanding and navigating emotional responses which may be impacting their day to day life, such as feelings of overwhelm, anxiety, panic, fear, sadness, loneliness, shame or anger. I work together with clients to help them uncover meaningful ways in which they might approach these challenges and explore their unique self healing capabilities.
(01) 592 4196 x27 View (01) 592 4196 x27
Photo of Marion Mensing, PhD, MIACP, Counsellor
Marion Mensing
Counsellor, PhD, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47  (Online Only)
You feel stressed or anxious? You feel sad or depressed? Maybe you were bullied or you have been affected by abuse? Your 'flying off the handle' is creating problems? You experienced loss or bereavement? You go through life changes? You have issues with relationships? You think that your sexual behaviour might have become problematic? You have issues around addiction? Maybe you just want to talk through an issue? You want to make sense of a problematic event that sticks in your mind? You want to change your behaviour? You want to abolish self-criticism and enhance self-esteem? You want to find meaning and purpose?
You feel stressed or anxious? You feel sad or depressed? Maybe you were bullied or you have been affected by abuse? Your 'flying off the handle' is creating problems? You experienced loss or bereavement? You go through life changes? You have issues with relationships? You think that your sexual behaviour might have become problematic? You have issues around addiction? Maybe you just want to talk through an issue? You want to make sense of a problematic event that sticks in your mind? You want to change your behaviour? You want to abolish self-criticism and enhance self-esteem? You want to find meaning and purpose?
(01) 568 2872 x83 View (01) 568 2872 x83
Photo of Stephanie Hughes, PhD
Stephanie Hughes
PhD
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist and graduated from the University of Limerick in 2021. My educational background lies in Clinical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Sociology. I am currently providing psycho-educational assessments for children, adolescents and adults in a private capacity with queries around learning/specific learning difficulties (e.g. dyslexia/dyscalculia) only. Please contact me for more details.
I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist and graduated from the University of Limerick in 2021. My educational background lies in Clinical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Sociology. I am currently providing psycho-educational assessments for children, adolescents and adults in a private capacity with queries around learning/specific learning difficulties (e.g. dyslexia/dyscalculia) only. Please contact me for more details.
(01) 267 6570 x75 View (01) 267 6570 x75
Photo of Marika Osullivan, MA
Marika Osullivan
MA
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
I am an art psychotherapist who specializes in working with women, children and young people. I support those who are experiencing difficulties in life such as anxiety, bereavement and loss, depression, eating disorder and other problems that people need help to resolve. I have additional training and experience in trauma and the knock-on effects and a core training in eco/nature psychotherapy. If you are someone who is feeling disconnected we can work together in the beautiful places that I am lucky enough to be able to use.
I am an art psychotherapist who specializes in working with women, children and young people. I support those who are experiencing difficulties in life such as anxiety, bereavement and loss, depression, eating disorder and other problems that people need help to resolve. I have additional training and experience in trauma and the knock-on effects and a core training in eco/nature psychotherapy. If you are someone who is feeling disconnected we can work together in the beautiful places that I am lucky enough to be able to use.
083 021 5530 View 083 021 5530
Photo of Kirsty Austin Counsellor Emdr, Psychotherapist
Kirsty Austin Counsellor Emdr
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
Not accepting new clients
As an Accredited Integrative Counsellor & EMDR Therapist I understand that you are unique and I will adapt my professional skills to your needs. I have extensive experience working with Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety, Phobias, Depression, Bereavement, Stress, Low Self Esteem and much more. I aim to provide a warm, accepting environment that is confidential and safe. Developing a supportive, non-judgmental relationship to facilitate self understanding, new insights and to help individuals find new ways of being.
As an Accredited Integrative Counsellor & EMDR Therapist I understand that you are unique and I will adapt my professional skills to your needs. I have extensive experience working with Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety, Phobias, Depression, Bereavement, Stress, Low Self Esteem and much more. I aim to provide a warm, accepting environment that is confidential and safe. Developing a supportive, non-judgmental relationship to facilitate self understanding, new insights and to help individuals find new ways of being.
(01) 267 6603 x30 View (01) 267 6603 x30
Photo of Markus Hohmann, MIAHIP, Psychotherapist
Markus Hohmann
Psychotherapist, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
With over 24 years of experience as a Psychotherapist and covering a multitude of styles and techniques in an integrative way, I offer a warm and compassionate approach to the healing journey of my clients. Together we embark, learn, understand and try to transform the challenges and wounds that might have manifested in symptoms you might experience. I will guide you gently when needed.
With over 24 years of experience as a Psychotherapist and covering a multitude of styles and techniques in an integrative way, I offer a warm and compassionate approach to the healing journey of my clients. Together we embark, learn, understand and try to transform the challenges and wounds that might have manifested in symptoms you might experience. I will guide you gently when needed.
(01) 263 0697 x52 View (01) 263 0697 x52
Photo of Noreen Coomey, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Noreen Coomey
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
Before I saw the light, Stress wasn't my problem - taking charge of Stress was. I suffered in the workplace, in a job three grades above my pay grade because I couldn't say "No!" My anxiety went through the roof. My health went through the floor from sleepless nights, anxiety attacks and two painful bouts of shingles in 4 years. Eventually I pulled myself up from rock-bottom to retrain in a new career, resign from my job and take back control of my Stress. If I could do it, anyone could. The transition proved far from easy. Moving forward, developing a new attitude, unlearning and letting go of old beliefs proved difficult.
Before I saw the light, Stress wasn't my problem - taking charge of Stress was. I suffered in the workplace, in a job three grades above my pay grade because I couldn't say "No!" My anxiety went through the roof. My health went through the floor from sleepless nights, anxiety attacks and two painful bouts of shingles in 4 years. Eventually I pulled myself up from rock-bottom to retrain in a new career, resign from my job and take back control of my Stress. If I could do it, anyone could. The transition proved far from easy. Moving forward, developing a new attitude, unlearning and letting go of old beliefs proved difficult.
(01) 267 6675 x94 View (01) 267 6675 x94
Photo of Marie-Laure Haas
Marie-Laure Haas
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
I'm a Psychologist and an integrative Psychotherapist. I am working face to face and online from my practice. I also offer walking sessions in various locations.
I'm a Psychologist and an integrative Psychotherapist. I am working face to face and online from my practice. I also offer walking sessions in various locations.
(01) 267 6641 x48 View (01) 267 6641 x48
Photo of Suzanne Byrne, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Suzanne Byrne
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
Waitlist for new clients
I am a fully qualified Integrative Psychotherapist accredited by the IACP. I work from a humanistic and person- centred perspective. The integrative approach helps me to use a range of psychotherapy models and techniques to draw from. I focus on the therapeutic relationship with everyone I work with. I have experience of helping people with a variety of areas but not limited to – relationship difficulty, loss, bereavement, grief, adoption, anxiety, depression, miscarriage, separation and divorce, workplace relationships, addictions. I am a trauma informed therapist and have a particular interest in early attachment.
I am a fully qualified Integrative Psychotherapist accredited by the IACP. I work from a humanistic and person- centred perspective. The integrative approach helps me to use a range of psychotherapy models and techniques to draw from. I focus on the therapeutic relationship with everyone I work with. I have experience of helping people with a variety of areas but not limited to – relationship difficulty, loss, bereavement, grief, adoption, anxiety, depression, miscarriage, separation and divorce, workplace relationships, addictions. I am a trauma informed therapist and have a particular interest in early attachment.
(01) 267 6675 x62 View (01) 267 6675 x62
Photo of Doreen Calderwood, Psychotherapist
Doreen Calderwood
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
I offer solution-focussed therapy for anxiety, depression, trauma, anger, addictions, relationship issues, work-related issues, health or behavioural issues. I am happy to work with you to help you overcome setbacks, deal with trauma, break free from disabling habits or whatever is troubling you. I will help you deal with your issues quickly and effectively while you remain in control of how much or how little you disclose. If you feel overwhelmed by your situation, I can teach you how to calm down, help you to see things more clearly and guide you towards beginning to take appropriate action to resolve issues.
I offer solution-focussed therapy for anxiety, depression, trauma, anger, addictions, relationship issues, work-related issues, health or behavioural issues. I am happy to work with you to help you overcome setbacks, deal with trauma, break free from disabling habits or whatever is troubling you. I will help you deal with your issues quickly and effectively while you remain in control of how much or how little you disclose. If you feel overwhelmed by your situation, I can teach you how to calm down, help you to see things more clearly and guide you towards beginning to take appropriate action to resolve issues.
(01) 267 6552 x62 View (01) 267 6552 x62
Photo of John Fleming - Becoming you, Counsellor
Becoming you
Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dunmanway, County Cork P47
Supporting you to get in deeper contact with your authentic self. Becoming you was set up in 2017 by John Fleming. John's vision was and is, all about creating opportunities for people to explore themselves; intellectually, emotionally, somatically and spiritually.
Supporting you to get in deeper contact with your authentic self. Becoming you was set up in 2017 by John Fleming. John's vision was and is, all about creating opportunities for people to explore themselves; intellectually, emotionally, somatically and spiritually.
(01) 267 6641 x44 View (01) 267 6641 x44

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Róisín Tangney - Róisín Tangney, Jungian Psychoanalyst , Psychotherapist
Róisín Tangney, Jungian Psychoanalyst
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Cork, County Cork P47
Waitlist for new clients
I am a certified Jungian Psychoanalyst, trained at the C.G. Jung Institute, Zürich. I offer deep work in a safe space to those seeking to understand the underlying meaning behind their symptoms and suffering. You may have anxiety, depression, trauma, grief or loss of meaning, be undergoing a life transition or feel that you are not fulfilling your full potential. By exploring both your conscious and unconscious material, your symptoms, feelings, life circumstances, dreams and fantasies, we can help you to find the meaning in adversity and engage the full potential of your personality.
I am a certified Jungian Psychoanalyst, trained at the C.G. Jung Institute, Zürich. I offer deep work in a safe space to those seeking to understand the underlying meaning behind their symptoms and suffering. You may have anxiety, depression, trauma, grief or loss of meaning, be undergoing a life transition or feel that you are not fulfilling your full potential. By exploring both your conscious and unconscious material, your symptoms, feelings, life circumstances, dreams and fantasies, we can help you to find the meaning in adversity and engage the full potential of your personality.
(01) 267 6595 x19 View (01) 267 6595 x19
Photo of Dermot Casey, PsychD, Psychotherapist
Dermot Casey
Psychotherapist, PsychD
Verified Verified
Cork, County Cork P47
I am so glad that you have finally decided to come and talk with someone, first steps are hard. I have been on both sides of the room as a client and as a therapist, so I understand how hard it is for you. If you contact me you are assured that I will treat you with kindness, compassion. I am there for you to try and understand what you would like to change and I will be there next to you, while you are doing so. I work from a number of perspectives including Person-centred, Psychoanalytic, so that we understand your unconscious processes as well. I also use a CBT approach so that you can learn new skills to use daily in your life.
I am so glad that you have finally decided to come and talk with someone, first steps are hard. I have been on both sides of the room as a client and as a therapist, so I understand how hard it is for you. If you contact me you are assured that I will treat you with kindness, compassion. I am there for you to try and understand what you would like to change and I will be there next to you, while you are doing so. I work from a number of perspectives including Person-centred, Psychoanalytic, so that we understand your unconscious processes as well. I also use a CBT approach so that you can learn new skills to use daily in your life.
086 803 8792 View 086 803 8792
Photo of Cathy Murphy, MA, NAPCP, Psychotherapist
Cathy Murphy
Psychotherapist, MA, NAPCP
Verified Verified
Cork, County Cork P47
My therapeutic approach helps you to identify any issues, address your needs and plan future goals to help reduce symptoms such as negative thinking, rumination, emotional dysregulation, anxiety and low mood. I work closely with many issues in particular, Borderline Personality Disorder, (BPD), ADHD, anxiety, depression, self-harm, womens issues, negative thinking, OCD and many others. Each individual is different and therefore each approach is planned according to your personal needs.
My therapeutic approach helps you to identify any issues, address your needs and plan future goals to help reduce symptoms such as negative thinking, rumination, emotional dysregulation, anxiety and low mood. I work closely with many issues in particular, Borderline Personality Disorder, (BPD), ADHD, anxiety, depression, self-harm, womens issues, negative thinking, OCD and many others. Each individual is different and therefore each approach is planned according to your personal needs.
086 222 9364 View 086 222 9364
Photo of Maura O'Donovan, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Maura O'Donovan
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Drimoleague, County Cork P81
I am an accredited integrative Psychotherapist and Supervisor, trained within a person centred and humanistic philosophy. I am also trained in CBT - cognitive behavioral therapy. I work with a range of issues such as depression, anxiety, self esteem, relationship difficulties, stress, motivation, self harm and suicidal behaviour. I work with clients within the context of a safe, non judgemental and empathetic relationship where the client has space to discuss and work through difficulties.
I am an accredited integrative Psychotherapist and Supervisor, trained within a person centred and humanistic philosophy. I am also trained in CBT - cognitive behavioral therapy. I work with a range of issues such as depression, anxiety, self esteem, relationship difficulties, stress, motivation, self harm and suicidal behaviour. I work with clients within the context of a safe, non judgemental and empathetic relationship where the client has space to discuss and work through difficulties.
(01) 267 6536 x16 View (01) 267 6536 x16

Online Therapists

Photo of Michele Farrell, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Michele Farrell
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Ennis, County Clare V95
I am a qualified Psychotherapist with a BSc (Hons) in Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy. I work with individuals aged 18 years and over, providing a professional, confidential service. I believe that the unique relationship between the therapist and client is key to the success of therapy as the relationship facilitates the trusting environment within which a client's concerns can be shared, explored, and addressed. My approach is Humanistic and Integrative, Person-Centred with elements of Gestalt, CBT, Family Systems, Expressive Art and Mindfulness.
I am a qualified Psychotherapist with a BSc (Hons) in Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy. I work with individuals aged 18 years and over, providing a professional, confidential service. I believe that the unique relationship between the therapist and client is key to the success of therapy as the relationship facilitates the trusting environment within which a client's concerns can be shared, explored, and addressed. My approach is Humanistic and Integrative, Person-Centred with elements of Gestalt, CBT, Family Systems, Expressive Art and Mindfulness.
086 349 1697 View 086 349 1697
Photo of Kevin Gerard O' Sullivan - TalktoKev, DCounsPsych, MIACP, Psychotherapist
TalktoKev
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MIACP
Verified Verified
Kenmare, County Kerry V93
Please see my website www.talktokev.com for more about me. face to face, walk and talk or online around the world. Most other therapists are sufficiently trained and experienced in one of the main three; counselling/psychotherapy, hypnotherapy or life coaching whereas Kevin has all of these, combined with being a master practitioner in neuro-linguistic programming and the experience to tailor fit to your needs. Kevin has successfully worked with people of all ages, genders, cultures and backgrounds with a wide spectrum of issues.
Please see my website www.talktokev.com for more about me. face to face, walk and talk or online around the world. Most other therapists are sufficiently trained and experienced in one of the main three; counselling/psychotherapy, hypnotherapy or life coaching whereas Kevin has all of these, combined with being a master practitioner in neuro-linguistic programming and the experience to tailor fit to your needs. Kevin has successfully worked with people of all ages, genders, cultures and backgrounds with a wide spectrum of issues.
(061) 572 524 x74 View (061) 572 524 x74
Photo of Jonathan Monahan Mapcp, APCP, Counsellor
Jonathan Monahan Mapcp
Counsellor, APCP
Verified Verified
Nenagh, County Tipperary E45
It is my vision to support people, to work with them to find their purpose and talents in order to fulfil their potential in life. When a problem presents itself, I will help you in the search for solutions to the current impasse to allow movement forward. We can seek out the source of the problem to see if it can be prevented in the future, or at least its effects reduced, should it reoccur. I feel that by working like this, together you can learn how to overcome the difficulties life sends your way. In this way, you can become empowered. Using your own strengths you already possess to build a future you want to live in
It is my vision to support people, to work with them to find their purpose and talents in order to fulfil their potential in life. When a problem presents itself, I will help you in the search for solutions to the current impasse to allow movement forward. We can seek out the source of the problem to see if it can be prevented in the future, or at least its effects reduced, should it reoccur. I feel that by working like this, together you can learn how to overcome the difficulties life sends your way. In this way, you can become empowered. Using your own strengths you already possess to build a future you want to live in
089 451 3053 View 089 451 3053
Photo of Maryanne Keane, MIACP, Counsellor
Maryanne Keane
Counsellor, MIACP
Verified Verified
Tralee, County Kerry V92
Are you finding life difficult at the moment? Are you feeling stressed, or is something lacking or unresolved in your life. Are you experiencing shame, grief, loss or relationship difficulties? Talking about life's challenges in a safe, supportive & non-judgemental space can help you make sense of what's happening, and can lead to living a fuller life.
Are you finding life difficult at the moment? Are you feeling stressed, or is something lacking or unresolved in your life. Are you experiencing shame, grief, loss or relationship difficulties? Talking about life's challenges in a safe, supportive & non-judgemental space can help you make sense of what's happening, and can lead to living a fuller life.
(01) 267 6681 x10 View (01) 267 6681 x10
Photo of Alison Frances Kilty - Kiltypsychotherapy, MA, APCP, Psychotherapist
Kiltypsychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, APCP
Verified Verified
Carrigaline, County Cork P43
I'm Alison, an IAHIP accredited and practicing Psychotherapist and Supervisor. I have over 20 years experience in Adult and Adolescent mental health services. I have specific training in Complex Generational Trauma. My work is relational and is influenced by attachment theory. I also provide Counselling in schools. I have an interest in Parenting difficulties and Mediation for Couples who are separating. My Masters in Integrative Psychotherapy and Supervision training is influenced by my areas of interest in Art Therapy and Psychodynamics. I started my career in general nursing and mental health nursing.
I'm Alison, an IAHIP accredited and practicing Psychotherapist and Supervisor. I have over 20 years experience in Adult and Adolescent mental health services. I have specific training in Complex Generational Trauma. My work is relational and is influenced by attachment theory. I also provide Counselling in schools. I have an interest in Parenting difficulties and Mediation for Couples who are separating. My Masters in Integrative Psychotherapy and Supervision training is influenced by my areas of interest in Art Therapy and Psychodynamics. I started my career in general nursing and mental health nursing.
(01) 592 4196 x38 View (01) 592 4196 x38

See more therapy options for Dunmanway

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Dunmanway

10+

Average cost per session

€70

Counsellors in Dunmanway who prioritize treating:

64% Self Esteem
55% Anxiety
55% Stress
45% Depression
45% Bereavement
45% Life Transitions
36% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

6 Years

How Counsellors in Dunmanway see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Dunmanway?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, eircode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or eircode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are accredited members of the main professional associations, mainly the Irish Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP) and the Irish Council for Psychotherapy (ICP). Most Psychologists are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement in Ireland, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Ireland. Psychologists have earned a doctoral degree in psychology and many are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI). Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a doctoral degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the IACP or ICP, they must complete a minimum of an NFQ Level 7 programme with 100 hours of clinical experience and a minimum of 450 hours of post-training clinical experience under clinical supervision.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in Ireland could cost between €50 – €90 when seeing a counsellor and €75 - €120 or more when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The National Counselling Service (NCS) is a government-funded service that provides short to medium term counselling and psychotherapy for free to individuals who have experienced trauma or abuse. The service can be accessed by GP referral or self-referral.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your eircode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the IACP, the ICP, or PSI are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a child is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.