Quilted Science

Hormones

Decision-Making in the Female Brain

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on May 10, 2014

Female brains differ from male brains in many ways, including hormone levels. Hormone levels change throughout the ovarian cycle and these fluctuations correlate with changes in behavior and mood. When deciding between rewards available immediately or later in time, females' preference for delayed, larger, rewards peaked with hormone levels and with fertility.

Female brains differ from male brains in many ways, including hormone levels. Hormone levels change throughout the ovarian cycle and these fluctuations correlate with changes in behavior and mood. When deciding between rewards available immediately or later in time, females' preference for delayed, larger, rewards peaked with hormone levels and with fertility.

Addiction

An Addicted Brain Is a Diseased, Not Flawed, Brain

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on April 24, 2014

Drug addiction is devastating and costly. It is not a character flaw; it is a chronic disease. Drugs physically and chemically alter the brain, sometimes permanently. The disease is heritable, but identification of relevant genes is still a work in progress. Addiction is also most likely to start during adolescence, which is when most people experiment with drugs.

Drug addiction is devastating and costly. It is not a character flaw; it is a chronic disease. Drugs physically and chemically alter the brain, sometimes permanently. The disease is heritable, but identification of relevant genes is still a work in progress. Addiction is also most likely to start during adolescence, which is when most people experiment with drugs.

Environment

Disrupting Consciousness

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on April 9, 2014

A recent case study about a patient with a brain tumor suggests a mechanism contributing to human conscious experience. Before surgeons removed the tumor, they functionally mapped surrounding brain areas. Electrical stimulation of posterior cingulate white matter tracts reproducibly altered the patient's conscious experience.

A recent case study about a patient with a brain tumor suggests a mechanism contributing to human conscious experience. Before surgeons removed the tumor, they functionally mapped surrounding brain areas. Electrical stimulation of posterior cingulate white matter tracts reproducibly altered the patient's conscious experience.

Decision-Making

Distracted Decisions

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on February 25, 2014

Distractions are known to affect how we act. Multi-tasking decreases cognitive abilities; texting and driving is dangerous. But even even seemingly insignificant distractions can worsen our decision-making capabilities. A study looking choices made between multiple alternatives found the brain struggled to choose optimally when distracted.

Distractions are known to affect how we act. Multi-tasking decreases cognitive abilities; texting and driving is dangerous. But even even seemingly insignificant distractions can worsen our decision-making capabilities. A study looking choices made between multiple alternatives found the brain struggled to choose optimally when distracted.

Sex

Male Brain, Female Brain

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on January 27, 2014

Males and females are different; that is not in dispute. Are male and female brains different? The answer to that question is also not in dispute. Yes, male and female brains are different. How brains differ with biological sex is an active area of neuroscience research, but a more important question is why male and female brains differ at all.

Males and females are different; that is not in dispute. Are male and female brains different? The answer to that question is also not in dispute. Yes, male and female brains are different. How brains differ with biological sex is an active area of neuroscience research, but a more important question is why male and female brains differ at all.

Diet

So Many Brain Cells, So Many Ways to Control Body Weight

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on January 14, 2014

When minds such as da Vinci and Descartes studied the brain, they focused almost entirely on the ventricular system. Assigning such importance was forward-thinking as the ventricular system does much more than protect, support, and nourish the brain and spine. Cells in ventricle walls are diverse; some are stem cells involved in controlling body weight.

When minds such as da Vinci and Descartes studied the brain, they focused almost entirely on the ventricular system. Assigning such importance was forward-thinking as the ventricular system does much more than protect, support, and nourish the brain and spine. Cells in ventricle walls are diverse; some are stem cells involved in controlling body weight.

Neuroscience

New Year's Resolutions: Neural Tug-of-Wars

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on January 2, 2014

How often do you make a decision about something truly necessary for life? The answer is all the time! We have to eat to live. We do not have to buy flattering jeans to live. We don't even have be kind to others to live. Weight loss by eating healthy is an ever-popular New Year’s resolution, and its success requires a tug-of-war among the brain’s decision-making system

How often do you make a decision about something truly necessary for life? The answer is all the time! We have to eat to live. We do not have to buy flattering jeans to live. We don't even have be kind to others to live. Weight loss by eating healthy is an ever-popular New Year’s resolution, and its success requires a tug-of-war among the brain’s decision-making system

Happiness

What if the Grinch Really Did Steal all Christmas Presents?

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on December 23, 2013

Gift giving is an important part of Christmas. Dr. Seuss' Grinch tried to stop Christmas by stealing gifts. He did not succeed, of course. The Grinch did not need to return the gifts in order for the holiday to be happy. Research suggests that lasting happiness does not come from consumable items usually given as holiday gifts.

Gift giving is an important part of Christmas. Dr. Seuss' Grinch tried to stop Christmas by stealing gifts. He did not succeed, of course. The Grinch did not need to return the gifts in order for the holiday to be happy. Research suggests that lasting happiness does not come from consumable items usually given as holiday gifts.

Sleep

Personal Training for Your Brain

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on December 18, 2013

Activity monitors—such as Nike Fuel or Jawbone Up—are devices worn on the body that track physical movement and sometimes sleep. Marketed to improve overall health, activity monitors are a booming industry and popular for holiday gifts. But why and how do they work? Understanding how the brain forms habits provides one possible answer.

Activity monitors—such as Nike Fuel or Jawbone Up—are devices worn on the body that track physical movement and sometimes sleep. Marketed to improve overall health, activity monitors are a booming industry and popular for holiday gifts. But why and how do they work? Understanding how the brain forms habits provides one possible answer.

Autism

Bacteria and Your Brain

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on December 12, 2013

Gut flora, known to be important to digestive health, also plays a role in brain function. Recently published work in animals links the composition of gut flora to behavioral hallmarks of autism while suggesting possible treatments of other neurological disorders with probiotics.

Gut flora, known to be important to digestive health, also plays a role in brain function. Recently published work in animals links the composition of gut flora to behavioral hallmarks of autism while suggesting possible treatments of other neurological disorders with probiotics.

Synesthesia

Death Is a Synesthete (In The Book Thief by Mark Zusak)

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on December 3, 2013

Mark Zusak's novel, The Book Thief, is narrated by Death, a synesthete who tastes colors. Synesthesia is a benign neurological condition where the physical senses overlap. Sensory systems are well-studied in neuroscience, and investigating how synesthesia arises could lead to therapies for other brain diseases that are also characterized by atypical connection patterns.

Mark Zusak's novel, The Book Thief, is narrated by Death, a synesthete who tastes colors. Synesthesia is a benign neurological condition where the physical senses overlap. Sensory systems are well-studied in neuroscience, and investigating how synesthesia arises could lead to therapies for other brain diseases that are also characterized by atypical connection patterns.

Media

This Is Your Brain on Oreos, Or Is It?

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on November 27, 2013

A neuroscientist at Connecticut College has data showing greater neuronal response to cookies over addictive drugs like morphine and cocaine. Yet, not being published did not stop a press release from being written and disseminated widely through the media.

A neuroscientist at Connecticut College has data showing greater neuronal response to cookies over addictive drugs like morphine and cocaine. Yet, not being published did not stop a press release from being written and disseminated widely through the media.

Neuroscience

The Brain is an Orchestra

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on November 15, 2013

Neurons in the brain work together, much like instruments of an orchestra combine to play a symphony. Advances in technology allow neuroscience to study the brain as it functions, as ensemble activity arising from populations of neurons.

Neurons in the brain work together, much like instruments of an orchestra combine to play a symphony. Advances in technology allow neuroscience to study the brain as it functions, as ensemble activity arising from populations of neurons.

Education

Insights from Chemistry into how ‘Nudges’ Impact Decisions

Kimberlee D’Ardenne Ph.D. on November 6, 2013

Every single choice we make is influenced by something -- your surroundings, what your friend just said to you, what you just read. These choice influences, also called nudges, are literally inescapable in life. So, it's a good idea to really understand what they are and how they affect your decisions.

Every single choice we make is influenced by something -- your surroundings, what your friend just said to you, what you just read. These choice influences, also called nudges, are literally inescapable in life. So, it's a good idea to really understand what they are and how they affect your decisions.

Alcoholism

Drunk Monkey, Sober Monkey

Rachael Grazioplene on September 30, 2012

Just like humans, some vervet monkeys become addicted to alcohol, while others avoid the drug. Individual differences in the brain's reward system may help to explain these preferences in both humans and vervet monkeys.

Just like humans, some vervet monkeys become addicted to alcohol, while others avoid the drug. Individual differences in the brain's reward system may help to explain these preferences in both humans and vervet monkeys.

Anxiety

This is Your Brain on Yoga

Rachael Grazioplene on September 28, 2012

Yoga helps keep your brain calm the same way that alcohol and anti-anxiety drugs do—with GABA!

Yoga helps keep your brain calm the same way that alcohol and anti-anxiety drugs do—with GABA!

Hormones

A Surprising Stowaway in Semen

Rachael Grazioplene on August 28, 2012

A hormone abundant in the seminal fluid of mammals appears to cause ovulation upon entering the female's system. What are the implications for the science of fertility and evolutionary biology if this mechanism operates in humans the way it does in other mammals?

A hormone abundant in the seminal fluid of mammals appears to cause ovulation upon entering the female's system. What are the implications for the science of fertility and evolutionary biology if this mechanism operates in humans the way it does in other mammals?

Dreaming, personality, and neurobiology.