Photo of Esther Obiri-Darko, MA, BPC, Psychotherapist
Esther Obiri-Darko
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
My role is to enable children, young people and parents to thrive. To help them to make sense of their difficult feelings and understand themselves and others better, so they can enjoy their lives more fully. By collaborating with clients, my aim is to support clients to find within themselves a space of loving kindness and greater acceptance. I use psychoanalytical and systemic thinking in my work as well as arts and play to help clients tell their stories and explore their worlds.
My role is to enable children, young people and parents to thrive. To help them to make sense of their difficult feelings and understand themselves and others better, so they can enjoy their lives more fully. By collaborating with clients, my aim is to support clients to find within themselves a space of loving kindness and greater acceptance. I use psychoanalytical and systemic thinking in my work as well as arts and play to help clients tell their stories and explore their worlds.
01892 362335 View 01892 362335
Photo of Rosanna Gilderthorp, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Rosanna Gilderthorp
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Are you pregnant or a new parent? Are you struggling with sickness, anxiety, depression or symptoms of trauma after a difficult birth? There are many reasons that pregnancy and birth may not feel like the magical experiences we have been told to expect. If you are finding it hard to enjoy pregnancy or parenthood our team of specialist Clinical Psychologists can help. If you are struggling you may believe there is something "wrong" with you but the truth is all mental health problems happen for a reason. We will help you work out why your difficulties began in the first place so we can offer you the most effective therapy.
Are you pregnant or a new parent? Are you struggling with sickness, anxiety, depression or symptoms of trauma after a difficult birth? There are many reasons that pregnancy and birth may not feel like the magical experiences we have been told to expect. If you are finding it hard to enjoy pregnancy or parenthood our team of specialist Clinical Psychologists can help. If you are struggling you may believe there is something "wrong" with you but the truth is all mental health problems happen for a reason. We will help you work out why your difficulties began in the first place so we can offer you the most effective therapy.
01752 987428 View 01752 987428
Photo of Sonya Black, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Sonya Black
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
A warm welcome to you. My aim is to provide you with an opportunity to explore what is happening for you and how you would like things to be different. I would like you to have a space in which you can feel safe, allowing you to develop an understanding of yourself and the steps you need to make so you can live the life you want to. I aim to help you to simplify complex situations so that they make sense to you. This can offer clarity so that I can support you to take practical steps to make changes. I have a strong interest in the biopsychosocial approach, considering a variety of factors which lead to you being who you are.
A warm welcome to you. My aim is to provide you with an opportunity to explore what is happening for you and how you would like things to be different. I would like you to have a space in which you can feel safe, allowing you to develop an understanding of yourself and the steps you need to make so you can live the life you want to. I aim to help you to simplify complex situations so that they make sense to you. This can offer clarity so that I can support you to take practical steps to make changes. I have a strong interest in the biopsychosocial approach, considering a variety of factors which lead to you being who you are.
01732 928093 View 01732 928093
Photo of Dr Russell Woodhead, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Russell Woodhead
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
I am a chartered clinical psychologist working with adolescents and young adults. My specialism is in the field of trauma, although I continue to work with young people struggling with a wide range of difficulties. I am trained in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including CBT, EMDR, and others that are recommended by national guidelines for the treatment of common mental health problems. These guidelines are based on what works for many people, not all, and the benefit of being a clinical psychologist is that I can develop an approach specific to the person I'm working with based on evidence, theory and my clinical experience.
I am a chartered clinical psychologist working with adolescents and young adults. My specialism is in the field of trauma, although I continue to work with young people struggling with a wide range of difficulties. I am trained in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including CBT, EMDR, and others that are recommended by national guidelines for the treatment of common mental health problems. These guidelines are based on what works for many people, not all, and the benefit of being a clinical psychologist is that I can develop an approach specific to the person I'm working with based on evidence, theory and my clinical experience.
01892 352745 View 01892 352745
Photo of Nicola Farrugia, BACP, Counsellor
Nicola Farrugia
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Tunbridge Wells TN1  (Online Only)
I have a diploma in Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy and I work with adults and young people age 13+. I specialise in working with people’s relationship with food, which includes supporting those with eating disorders including anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder and night eating disorder, amongst others. I also work with loved ones of those struggling with an eating disorder. I offer coaching for those who would like to explore their eating patterns or to manage their obesity which involves supporting you to make lifestyle changes as well as promoting healthful behaviours.
I have a diploma in Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy and I work with adults and young people age 13+. I specialise in working with people’s relationship with food, which includes supporting those with eating disorders including anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder and night eating disorder, amongst others. I also work with loved ones of those struggling with an eating disorder. I offer coaching for those who would like to explore their eating patterns or to manage their obesity which involves supporting you to make lifestyle changes as well as promoting healthful behaviours.
01892 481886 View 01892 481886
Photo of Diana Cliff, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Diana Cliff
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I wonder what's bringing you to consider therapy at the moment? I imagine that you might be struggling and that you're looking for things to be different. Perhaps you're wanting to explore problems or issues in your life, you might be feeling anxious, experiencing low mood or depression, anger, sadness, grief or looking for meaning in your life. You might be struggling to cope and needing to reach out for some support.
I wonder what's bringing you to consider therapy at the moment? I imagine that you might be struggling and that you're looking for things to be different. Perhaps you're wanting to explore problems or issues in your life, you might be feeling anxious, experiencing low mood or depression, anger, sadness, grief or looking for meaning in your life. You might be struggling to cope and needing to reach out for some support.
01892 362959 View 01892 362959
Photo of Tim Potter - Harley Street Counselling and Training, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Harley Street Counselling and Training
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
We are a small group of therapists led by Tim Potter. Working from therapy rooms in Tunbridge Wells and Harley Street. For over 25 years we have worked to help people with anxiety, addiction, depression, and other areas of specialism such as post-natal depression, bereavement, and OCD. We receive most of our referrals through word of mouth for adults, children and teenagers. You can expect us to look for a therapist who best suits your needs, and if for some reason we cannot, we can recommend trusted others that are not a part of the practice.
We are a small group of therapists led by Tim Potter. Working from therapy rooms in Tunbridge Wells and Harley Street. For over 25 years we have worked to help people with anxiety, addiction, depression, and other areas of specialism such as post-natal depression, bereavement, and OCD. We receive most of our referrals through word of mouth for adults, children and teenagers. You can expect us to look for a therapist who best suits your needs, and if for some reason we cannot, we can recommend trusted others that are not a part of the practice.
01732 496760 View 01732 496760
Photo of Deborah Maloney-Marsden, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Deborah Maloney-Marsden
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Hey there... I am a Transpersonal psychotherapist, breathwork facilitator, coach and supervisor. I work with individuals and couples at depth to help integrate body, mind, soul. please check out my website www.deborahmaloney.com
Hey there... I am a Transpersonal psychotherapist, breathwork facilitator, coach and supervisor. I work with individuals and couples at depth to help integrate body, mind, soul. please check out my website www.deborahmaloney.com
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Photo of Sorrell Raikes, BACP, Counsellor
Sorrell Raikes
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
I provide therapeutic services for individuals, young people, as well as couples. I offer a safe and confidential space online and in Tunbridge Wells to work on a short or long term basis depending on your need. If you haven't had counselling before, the thought of talking to a stranger about something that's troubling you can seem frightening. You may have an idea of the changes you want to make, or simply be aware that you want something in your life to be different without being sure how to achieve this. I am qualified to practise Transactional Analysis psychotherapy and can support you to initiate the changes you seek to make.
I provide therapeutic services for individuals, young people, as well as couples. I offer a safe and confidential space online and in Tunbridge Wells to work on a short or long term basis depending on your need. If you haven't had counselling before, the thought of talking to a stranger about something that's troubling you can seem frightening. You may have an idea of the changes you want to make, or simply be aware that you want something in your life to be different without being sure how to achieve this. I am qualified to practise Transactional Analysis psychotherapy and can support you to initiate the changes you seek to make.
020 3962 0127 View 020 3962 0127
Photo of Satvinder Kalyan - SK Counselling and Psychotherapy, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Psychotherapist
SK Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Welcome to SK Counselling and Psychotherapy. I am a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist and welcome you to my private practice. Through counselling and psychotherapy, I provide a safe space for you to start your journey. My therapeutic approach is relational, I strongly believe that good therapeutic outcomes are largely dependent on the quality of the relationship that the client and their therapist share.
Welcome to SK Counselling and Psychotherapy. I am a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist and welcome you to my private practice. Through counselling and psychotherapy, I provide a safe space for you to start your journey. My therapeutic approach is relational, I strongly believe that good therapeutic outcomes are largely dependent on the quality of the relationship that the client and their therapist share.
01892 351047 View 01892 351047
Photo of Sarah Smith, MBACP, Counsellor
Sarah Smith
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sometimes in life, we need space to take a breath and for someone trusted and neutral to hear our difficulties to help us see a way forward. At the heart of my therapy, there is a safe relationship within a confidential space, where you feel heard and encouraged to talk freely about the challenges life is bringing you and to explore ways forward towards long-lasting change. You may find yourself struggling with a crisis, a specific life event, or an issue that has been building up over a long time, or you may recognise certain patterns of behaviour that hold you back.
Sometimes in life, we need space to take a breath and for someone trusted and neutral to hear our difficulties to help us see a way forward. At the heart of my therapy, there is a safe relationship within a confidential space, where you feel heard and encouraged to talk freely about the challenges life is bringing you and to explore ways forward towards long-lasting change. You may find yourself struggling with a crisis, a specific life event, or an issue that has been building up over a long time, or you may recognise certain patterns of behaviour that hold you back.
01892 335381 View 01892 335381
Photo of Alice Baer, MBACP, Counsellor
Alice Baer
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Welcome. I am a qualified counsellor and have experience in working with a variety of issues like trauma, anxiety, depression and relationship problems. I am passionate about supporting autistic and ADHD clients and regularly work with this client group. I can help you to understand and make sense of your feelings and relationships, explore your potential and strengths, and support you to move forward in your life.
Welcome. I am a qualified counsellor and have experience in working with a variety of issues like trauma, anxiety, depression and relationship problems. I am passionate about supporting autistic and ADHD clients and regularly work with this client group. I can help you to understand and make sense of your feelings and relationships, explore your potential and strengths, and support you to move forward in your life.
01732 440939 View 01732 440939
Photo of Hazel Mouls, MBACP, Counsellor
Hazel Mouls
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am an experienced, Humanistic counsellor, practising from a central location in Tunbridge Wells. There may be a number of reasons why you are looking for counselling. You might be feeling anxious or depressed, having relationship issues, trying to process a loss or change or simply be struggling to cope. Whatever the issues you are facing, I provide a warm. supportive and confidential relationship in which you can explore your feelings and current difficulties, look at any unhelpful patterns of thought or behaviour and find better ways to manage the issues that you are facing.
I am an experienced, Humanistic counsellor, practising from a central location in Tunbridge Wells. There may be a number of reasons why you are looking for counselling. You might be feeling anxious or depressed, having relationship issues, trying to process a loss or change or simply be struggling to cope. Whatever the issues you are facing, I provide a warm. supportive and confidential relationship in which you can explore your feelings and current difficulties, look at any unhelpful patterns of thought or behaviour and find better ways to manage the issues that you are facing.
01732 496382 View 01732 496382
Photo of Mide Beaumont - Mide Beaumont Counselling, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Mide Beaumont Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Sometimes things just don’t feel right. You might be struggling to work out who you are and what you want or finding it hard to cope with life’s challenges – feeling stressed, unfulfilled or stuck. Maybe you've been deeply affected by specific events and loss – perhaps the death of a loved one, relationship breakdown, redundancy or illness. Is what you're experiencing affecting your relationships and behaviour and bringing painful feelings, including anger, sadness, vulnerability, guilt and shame, sometimes leaving you anxious and depressed? I am committed to supporting clients wishing to address challenging personal issues.
Sometimes things just don’t feel right. You might be struggling to work out who you are and what you want or finding it hard to cope with life’s challenges – feeling stressed, unfulfilled or stuck. Maybe you've been deeply affected by specific events and loss – perhaps the death of a loved one, relationship breakdown, redundancy or illness. Is what you're experiencing affecting your relationships and behaviour and bringing painful feelings, including anger, sadness, vulnerability, guilt and shame, sometimes leaving you anxious and depressed? I am committed to supporting clients wishing to address challenging personal issues.
01892 352747 View 01892 352747
Photo of Christine Tebagonderwa - TherapywithChrisy, MA, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
TherapywithChrisy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Tunbridge Wells TN1  (Online Only)
I became a therapist because I am passionate about people and improving as well as enhancing mental wellbeing. I understand that life can be a challenge and at times it may be hard to see the light at the end of the tunnel but I want to assure you that you do not have to go through life’s struggles by yourself. I am here for you and I am here with you. With your permission, I would like to come besides you and help you explore and discover events, thoughts, feelings and patterns of behaviour and together support you to make changes.
I became a therapist because I am passionate about people and improving as well as enhancing mental wellbeing. I understand that life can be a challenge and at times it may be hard to see the light at the end of the tunnel but I want to assure you that you do not have to go through life’s struggles by yourself. I am here for you and I am here with you. With your permission, I would like to come besides you and help you explore and discover events, thoughts, feelings and patterns of behaviour and together support you to make changes.
01797 330750 View 01797 330750
Photo of Dr Beth Bowden Wright, PsychD, HCPC - Forensic Psych., Psychologist
Dr Beth Bowden Wright
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Verified Verified
Tunbridge Wells TN1  (Online Only)
A compassionate psychologist offering wellbeing assessments covering vital mental health markers, including stress, sleep, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, personality traits and life experiences. I create a safe space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings, as well as confront challenges and delve into areas that may be causing you distress or confusion. I can provide the tools & support necessary to explore your current difficulties, uncover hidden strengths, foster self-compassion and embrace new possibilities. Take the first step towards a happier, more fulfilling life. Elevate your role: boss, partner, parent, friend.
A compassionate psychologist offering wellbeing assessments covering vital mental health markers, including stress, sleep, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, personality traits and life experiences. I create a safe space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings, as well as confront challenges and delve into areas that may be causing you distress or confusion. I can provide the tools & support necessary to explore your current difficulties, uncover hidden strengths, foster self-compassion and embrace new possibilities. Take the first step towards a happier, more fulfilling life. Elevate your role: boss, partner, parent, friend.
01892 354204 View 01892 354204
Photo of Eppie Wells, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Eppie Wells
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Is the impact from trauma from abuse or events preventing you from living life how you want to? Have you lost a sense of who you are? Are you stuck in a cycle of fight, flight, freeze and fawning? Are you experiencing a feeling of being in a fog without being able to see your way through it? Are you unable to find the words to explain just how it feels to be you at this moment? Are you stuck in the past, fearful of the future and just wanting to be able to live life in the moment? Have you been served with a mental health diagnoses that doesn't seem to make sense? Are you struggling with navigating life with a neuro-difference?
Is the impact from trauma from abuse or events preventing you from living life how you want to? Have you lost a sense of who you are? Are you stuck in a cycle of fight, flight, freeze and fawning? Are you experiencing a feeling of being in a fog without being able to see your way through it? Are you unable to find the words to explain just how it feels to be you at this moment? Are you stuck in the past, fearful of the future and just wanting to be able to live life in the moment? Have you been served with a mental health diagnoses that doesn't seem to make sense? Are you struggling with navigating life with a neuro-difference?
01892 489147 View 01892 489147
Photo of Rachel Secker, DCounsPsych, BACP, Counsellor
Rachel Secker
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Verified Verified
Are you experiencing anxiety, conflict, loss or uncertainty? Maybe you are feeling vulnerable, overwhelmed and/or depressed. I am an understanding and compassionate counsellor and I offer you the time, space and support to express your thoughts and feelings in confidence, to explore your relationships, past and present and consider those patterns of behaviour that don't serve you well. I work collaboratively with you to help you to reconnect with your inner strengths and resources to help you navigate life's challenges.
Are you experiencing anxiety, conflict, loss or uncertainty? Maybe you are feeling vulnerable, overwhelmed and/or depressed. I am an understanding and compassionate counsellor and I offer you the time, space and support to express your thoughts and feelings in confidence, to explore your relationships, past and present and consider those patterns of behaviour that don't serve you well. I work collaboratively with you to help you to reconnect with your inner strengths and resources to help you navigate life's challenges.
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Photo of Rachael Manku, MBACP, Counsellor
Rachael Manku
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I'm an experienced counsellor and a registered member of the BACP. I offer a confidential, safe and non-judgemental space in which you can explore whatever brings you to counselling. It could be that there have been things that have troubled you for some time and which you now feel ready to think about in more depth. Maybe recent events have caused you to feel like you need some help to cope. Or perhaps you just don’t feel right and would like some space to explore why that may be. Talking with a skilled, impartial counsellor can help you find the words to make sense of your experiences and find a way forward.
I'm an experienced counsellor and a registered member of the BACP. I offer a confidential, safe and non-judgemental space in which you can explore whatever brings you to counselling. It could be that there have been things that have troubled you for some time and which you now feel ready to think about in more depth. Maybe recent events have caused you to feel like you need some help to cope. Or perhaps you just don’t feel right and would like some space to explore why that may be. Talking with a skilled, impartial counsellor can help you find the words to make sense of your experiences and find a way forward.
01892 352837 View 01892 352837
Photo of Lisa Gaiotto - Causeway Therapy, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Causeway Therapy
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Welcome to Causeway Therapy. I am Dr Lisa Gaiotto, Clinical Psychologist. I established Causeway Therapy a few years ago, after working in the public and private sectors. I know that life can throw you odd balls, and take you off course. Difficulties such as anxiety, excessive worrying, mood swings, depression, relationship problems, and trauma symptoms can emerge. I can support you to become unstuck from negative thinking, to notice unhelpful behaviours, and to find ways to do things differently.
Welcome to Causeway Therapy. I am Dr Lisa Gaiotto, Clinical Psychologist. I established Causeway Therapy a few years ago, after working in the public and private sectors. I know that life can throw you odd balls, and take you off course. Difficulties such as anxiety, excessive worrying, mood swings, depression, relationship problems, and trauma symptoms can emerge. I can support you to become unstuck from negative thinking, to notice unhelpful behaviours, and to find ways to do things differently.
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See more therapy options for TN1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in TN1

90+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in TN1 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Stress
78% Relationship Issues
70% Bereavement
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aviva
57% AXA PPP
57% Vitality

How Counsellors in TN1 see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in TN1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.