Counselling in London

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Photo of Tom Deitch, BACP, Counsellor
Tom Deitch
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE23
Are you facing challenges in your life which seem impossible to overcome? Maybe you are struggling with intrusive thoughts, feelings of low self-esteem, despair, guilt or shame? Has a bereavement or traumatic incident left you feeling that it’s hard to cope? Do you have a need to be properly heard, perhaps for the first time? We can explore ways in which you can begin to think differently about the obstacles you face, examining your thoughts and feelings with a view to increasing self-awareness and ultimately gaining greater control over your life.
Are you facing challenges in your life which seem impossible to overcome? Maybe you are struggling with intrusive thoughts, feelings of low self-esteem, despair, guilt or shame? Has a bereavement or traumatic incident left you feeling that it’s hard to cope? Do you have a need to be properly heard, perhaps for the first time? We can explore ways in which you can begin to think differently about the obstacles you face, examining your thoughts and feelings with a view to increasing self-awareness and ultimately gaining greater control over your life.
020 3962 1219 View 020 3962 1219
Photo of Jonathan Cullen, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Jonathan Cullen
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London NW4
Welcome to my Counseling Practice, where my commitment to trauma-informed care guides our journey towards healing. I recognize the diverse experiences of individuals seeking support and prioritize creating a safe, nurturing environment for transformative growth. My approach is rooted in the latest research, emphasizing compassion, empowerment, and respect for each person's unique journey. Together, we will cultivate resilience and well-being. With 25 years of experience spanning the professional and academic realms, I offer a deep understanding of life's complexities.
Welcome to my Counseling Practice, where my commitment to trauma-informed care guides our journey towards healing. I recognize the diverse experiences of individuals seeking support and prioritize creating a safe, nurturing environment for transformative growth. My approach is rooted in the latest research, emphasizing compassion, empowerment, and respect for each person's unique journey. Together, we will cultivate resilience and well-being. With 25 years of experience spanning the professional and academic realms, I offer a deep understanding of life's complexities.
020 3872 0015 View 020 3872 0015
Photo of Jo Rosenberg, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Jo Rosenberg
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London N3
I offer therapy to those who may be experiencing emotional difficulties and who need some time and space to work through these challenges in order to find a way forward. I work with parents, families, adolescents, children and young adults. My experience includes most recently working at Barnet CAMHS, together with adult NHS settings, schools and organisations. My work is informed through the use of CBT, psychodynamic and person-centred therapy. Working collaboratively, I offer a warm, empathic approach in order to develop goals and strategies that may be most beneficial and effective to suit your needs.
I offer therapy to those who may be experiencing emotional difficulties and who need some time and space to work through these challenges in order to find a way forward. I work with parents, families, adolescents, children and young adults. My experience includes most recently working at Barnet CAMHS, together with adult NHS settings, schools and organisations. My work is informed through the use of CBT, psychodynamic and person-centred therapy. Working collaboratively, I offer a warm, empathic approach in order to develop goals and strategies that may be most beneficial and effective to suit your needs.
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Photo of Sedef Oral - Sedef Oral Psychotherapy & Counselling Ltd, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Sedef Oral Psychotherapy & Counselling Ltd
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London W1U
Hello! I'm Sedef. I am a BACP Accredited, EMDR Europe Accredited Psychotherapist, COSRT Registered Relationship Therapist, and Advanced Level EFT Therapist working with adults, couples, and adult families in Turkish and English. While reading this page, maybe you are sad, angry, or anxious. Maybe you feel hurt, alone, overwhelmed, helpless, or inadequate. Maybe you are feeling ok; yet you just need to feel better about yourself, your relationship with a partner, a family member, a friend or a colleague. Would you like to improve your relationship with yourself and your loved ones? If yes, then I’d love to help you in this process.
Hello! I'm Sedef. I am a BACP Accredited, EMDR Europe Accredited Psychotherapist, COSRT Registered Relationship Therapist, and Advanced Level EFT Therapist working with adults, couples, and adult families in Turkish and English. While reading this page, maybe you are sad, angry, or anxious. Maybe you feel hurt, alone, overwhelmed, helpless, or inadequate. Maybe you are feeling ok; yet you just need to feel better about yourself, your relationship with a partner, a family member, a friend or a colleague. Would you like to improve your relationship with yourself and your loved ones? If yes, then I’d love to help you in this process.
020 3319 1371 View 020 3319 1371
Photo of John Barber, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
John Barber
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London WC1H
You may already have a sense of what psychotherapy will be like, or you may not. Either way, choosing a therapist can be difficult. You can contact me by email, voicemail or text, and I will contact you to arrange an initial consultation meeting. During the consultation, we will reflect together on what has led you to seek therapy at this time and think about the outcomes you are hoping for. This will also be a chance for us to meet and to think about whether you may find therapy helpful.
You may already have a sense of what psychotherapy will be like, or you may not. Either way, choosing a therapist can be difficult. You can contact me by email, voicemail or text, and I will contact you to arrange an initial consultation meeting. During the consultation, we will reflect together on what has led you to seek therapy at this time and think about the outcomes you are hoping for. This will also be a chance for us to meet and to think about whether you may find therapy helpful.
020 3772 0477 View 020 3772 0477
Photo of Marjorie Coke, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Marjorie Coke
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE6
Hello, if you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling to make sense of stressful and emotional anguish from current or past experiences, I am willing to provide you with a confidential and supportive space where you can express those issues without fear of judgement. I gained extensive knowledge over 15 years working with a wide range of clients. I specialise in trauma, via domestic violence, child sexual abuse and the long-term effects on the individual. I have a particular interest of working with clients bereaved by suicide. My core approach is Person-Centred, which puts you at the heart of the therapeutic process without judgement.
Hello, if you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling to make sense of stressful and emotional anguish from current or past experiences, I am willing to provide you with a confidential and supportive space where you can express those issues without fear of judgement. I gained extensive knowledge over 15 years working with a wide range of clients. I specialise in trauma, via domestic violence, child sexual abuse and the long-term effects on the individual. I have a particular interest of working with clients bereaved by suicide. My core approach is Person-Centred, which puts you at the heart of the therapeutic process without judgement.
020 3879 4232 View 020 3879 4232
Photo of Luka Hadrych, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Luka Hadrych
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N1
Luka is an experienced psychotherapist, intensively trained dialectical behaviour therapist and mindfulness teacher. As part of his commitment to support people in breaking out of stuckness and chronic suffering, he was trained and supervised by some of the leading therapists in the fields of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Radically Open DBT (RO-DBT), Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples and individuals and most recently Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy.
Luka is an experienced psychotherapist, intensively trained dialectical behaviour therapist and mindfulness teacher. As part of his commitment to support people in breaking out of stuckness and chronic suffering, he was trained and supervised by some of the leading therapists in the fields of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Radically Open DBT (RO-DBT), Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples and individuals and most recently Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy.
020 3962 0679 View 020 3962 0679
Photo of Dr Charis Green, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Charis Green
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London WC1X
Are you feeling stuck? Like you are just going through the motions, living in autopilot? Maybe you feel on edge, overwhelmed, and like your emotions are going to spill over at any time. Maybe you swing from feeling really anxious and stressed, to feeling numb, shutdown and spaced out. Feeling sad, lonely and hopeless. Or a mix of all of these. You might understand what the issue is, and why it’s there - and yet you still feel the same. You don't understand why you haven’t just been able to move on. You might feel deeply ashamed about how you feel, hiding this or withdrawing from others. You are not alone. I can help.
Are you feeling stuck? Like you are just going through the motions, living in autopilot? Maybe you feel on edge, overwhelmed, and like your emotions are going to spill over at any time. Maybe you swing from feeling really anxious and stressed, to feeling numb, shutdown and spaced out. Feeling sad, lonely and hopeless. Or a mix of all of these. You might understand what the issue is, and why it’s there - and yet you still feel the same. You don't understand why you haven’t just been able to move on. You might feel deeply ashamed about how you feel, hiding this or withdrawing from others. You are not alone. I can help.
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Photo of Melanie Brown, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Melanie Brown
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE1
I am committed to supporting individuals and couples through a wide range of psychological and emotional challenges, enabling an opportunity to explore various aspects of life. Setting aside dedicated time for therapy can be a significant pathway that assists reflection upon your wellbeing in a safe and confidential space.
I am committed to supporting individuals and couples through a wide range of psychological and emotional challenges, enabling an opportunity to explore various aspects of life. Setting aside dedicated time for therapy can be a significant pathway that assists reflection upon your wellbeing in a safe and confidential space.
020 8106 2514 View 020 8106 2514
Photo of Jennifer Evans, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Jennifer Evans
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW11
Through counselling I provide a space just for you where you can gain insight, experience change, and realise your full potential. You may be experiencing difficulties, such as a relationship breakdown, struggling with depression or anxiety, or feeling shame or low self-esteem. Perhaps you sense something hasn’t felt right for a while, but you are unable to pin point why. Counselling gives you time each week to slow down and can help you recognise your own feelings and needs, and develop deeper connections and relationships. Counselling allows you the opportunity and space to get in touch with who you are and what you want in life.
Through counselling I provide a space just for you where you can gain insight, experience change, and realise your full potential. You may be experiencing difficulties, such as a relationship breakdown, struggling with depression or anxiety, or feeling shame or low self-esteem. Perhaps you sense something hasn’t felt right for a while, but you are unable to pin point why. Counselling gives you time each week to slow down and can help you recognise your own feelings and needs, and develop deeper connections and relationships. Counselling allows you the opportunity and space to get in touch with who you are and what you want in life.
020 8106 0503 View 020 8106 0503
Photo of Luke Bannister, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Luke Bannister
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London WC1A  (Online Only)
I'm a Counselling Psychologist with experience working in the NHS, third sector services and private practice. I will work collaboratively with you to explore your current difficulties and help you understand why you might be struggling. We will explore your past & flesh out how they may contribute to what you are currently experiencing. We will also work to understand the many different aspects of your being including what goes on in your thoughts, mind, emotions and physical body. I will work with you to develop deep insight about yourself as well as speak pragmatically on what needs to change and how to go about doing that.
I'm a Counselling Psychologist with experience working in the NHS, third sector services and private practice. I will work collaboratively with you to explore your current difficulties and help you understand why you might be struggling. We will explore your past & flesh out how they may contribute to what you are currently experiencing. We will also work to understand the many different aspects of your being including what goes on in your thoughts, mind, emotions and physical body. I will work with you to develop deep insight about yourself as well as speak pragmatically on what needs to change and how to go about doing that.
020 3835 4805 View 020 3835 4805
Photo of Nathalie Krivine, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Nathalie Krivine
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London N8
As a therapist I aim to provide a safe none judgemental therapeutic space for individuals, couples or families to reflect on the challenges that they maybe experiencing in their relationships which could be impacting on their emotional well being. Nathalie is aware that often people come to her for help when in crisis and the communication with those we are connected to has become too toxic. Nathalie notes that difficulties in speaking openly with those we are connected to is a common theme within families. Nathalie also has successfully used a relational attachment approach to work with individuals, both adults and young people.
As a therapist I aim to provide a safe none judgemental therapeutic space for individuals, couples or families to reflect on the challenges that they maybe experiencing in their relationships which could be impacting on their emotional well being. Nathalie is aware that often people come to her for help when in crisis and the communication with those we are connected to has become too toxic. Nathalie notes that difficulties in speaking openly with those we are connected to is a common theme within families. Nathalie also has successfully used a relational attachment approach to work with individuals, both adults and young people.
020 3985 9022 View 020 3985 9022
Caroline Brown
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE15
Hello, I'm Caroline, I'm here to support you through your anxiety, depression, stress, relationship problems, trauma, goals and challenges. Beginning therapy means different for each of us, but it is often an act of courage, hope, and self-care. I'm here to help. My approach to therapy is to meet you where you are in your journey and support you through the process so that you can reach a place in your life that feels safe, secure and balanced.
Hello, I'm Caroline, I'm here to support you through your anxiety, depression, stress, relationship problems, trauma, goals and challenges. Beginning therapy means different for each of us, but it is often an act of courage, hope, and self-care. I'm here to help. My approach to therapy is to meet you where you are in your journey and support you through the process so that you can reach a place in your life that feels safe, secure and balanced.
020 3835 5658 View 020 3835 5658
Photo of Hans Buschmann, MA, BPC, Psychotherapist
Hans Buschmann
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London EC3A  (Online Only)
Hello, Welcome to my webpage. It is not easy to find a suitable therapist, especially when you are in distress. I hope that this page will provide some clarity as to whether I might be be right therapist for you. I offer open-ended psychotherapy or brief counselling. In open-ended psychotherapy we could, for example, talk about your difficulties and explore the underlying issues. We could try to understand why you think, feel and behave the way you do. The insight which you gain could help you to let go of patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that may have sustained you in the past, but now cause you difficulties.
Hello, Welcome to my webpage. It is not easy to find a suitable therapist, especially when you are in distress. I hope that this page will provide some clarity as to whether I might be be right therapist for you. I offer open-ended psychotherapy or brief counselling. In open-ended psychotherapy we could, for example, talk about your difficulties and explore the underlying issues. We could try to understand why you think, feel and behave the way you do. The insight which you gain could help you to let go of patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that may have sustained you in the past, but now cause you difficulties.
020 4538 0032 View 020 4538 0032
Photo of Keith Cooper, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Keith Cooper
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SW1W
About me I am an experienced, qualified psychotherapist working with diverse clients of all ages (over 16+) & from many different backgrounds and offer discrete & confidential counselling. For my first profession I have enjoyed a long career in the music & entertainment industry (both in the UK & US) working closely & directly with highly creative individuals (musicians and artists) & I bring this experience & specialty to my counselling work.
About me I am an experienced, qualified psychotherapist working with diverse clients of all ages (over 16+) & from many different backgrounds and offer discrete & confidential counselling. For my first profession I have enjoyed a long career in the music & entertainment industry (both in the UK & US) working closely & directly with highly creative individuals (musicians and artists) & I bring this experience & specialty to my counselling work.
01748 901338 View 01748 901338
Photo of Anh Doan - Talking Counselling , MBACP, Psychotherapist
Talking Counselling
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London EC2M  (Online Only)
Anh is the Head of Counselling at Talking Counselling. Booking an assessment is easy and swift after a 1-hour online assessment (£38) we will match you to our team of trainee counsellors, the cost is £40 per session, and for the senior team, it's £90-£120 per session these are weekly sessions. We have no waiting We provide counselling in many languages. Booking an assessment via our website we endeavour to return your email within a day or call or WhatsApp message us at M: 07960333256
Anh is the Head of Counselling at Talking Counselling. Booking an assessment is easy and swift after a 1-hour online assessment (£38) we will match you to our team of trainee counsellors, the cost is £40 per session, and for the senior team, it's £90-£120 per session these are weekly sessions. We have no waiting We provide counselling in many languages. Booking an assessment via our website we endeavour to return your email within a day or call or WhatsApp message us at M: 07960333256
020 3962 0491 View 020 3962 0491
Photo of Dr Camilla Cookson, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Camilla Cookson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London NW10  (Online Only)
Dr Camilla Cookson is a specialist Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years of clinical experience working across various mental health settings within the NHS. She currently works as a Senior Clinical Psychologist in a London NHS Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) and is an Associate of the Fitzrovia Psychology Clinic private practice. She is registered with the Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC). Please find out more about Camilla at www.drcamillacookson.com
Dr Camilla Cookson is a specialist Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years of clinical experience working across various mental health settings within the NHS. She currently works as a Senior Clinical Psychologist in a London NHS Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) and is an Associate of the Fitzrovia Psychology Clinic private practice. She is registered with the Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC). Please find out more about Camilla at www.drcamillacookson.com
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Photo of Emma Battiston, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Emma Battiston
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W1G
Hello, I'm Emma Battiston - a compassionate and experienced therapist offering a safe and non-judgemental space to help you work though any issues you are experiencing. I work with people to provide support with anything that is negatively impacting their lives. Sometimes life can feel overwhelming, my aim is to help people find strength and resilience in overcoming life’s challenges.
Hello, I'm Emma Battiston - a compassionate and experienced therapist offering a safe and non-judgemental space to help you work though any issues you are experiencing. I work with people to provide support with anything that is negatively impacting their lives. Sometimes life can feel overwhelming, my aim is to help people find strength and resilience in overcoming life’s challenges.
020 3728 6109 View 020 3728 6109
Photo of Maja Anna Kwiatkowski, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Maja Anna Kwiatkowski
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London EC2M
I can imagine, given that you are here, there may be something in your life that is causing you discomfort. Welcome, and well done for taking the first step towards getting some support. Some people seek out therapy because they have felt depressed, anxious or angry for a long time; others may want help for relationship difficulties, self-destructive habits or a chronic illness that is interfering with their emotional or physical well-being. Sometimes, unexpected changes or circumstances also bring people into therapy - for example, going through a divorce, feeling overwhelmed by a new job, or grieving the loss of a family member.
I can imagine, given that you are here, there may be something in your life that is causing you discomfort. Welcome, and well done for taking the first step towards getting some support. Some people seek out therapy because they have felt depressed, anxious or angry for a long time; others may want help for relationship difficulties, self-destructive habits or a chronic illness that is interfering with their emotional or physical well-being. Sometimes, unexpected changes or circumstances also bring people into therapy - for example, going through a divorce, feeling overwhelmed by a new job, or grieving the loss of a family member.
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Photo of Beryl Tomlins, MBACP, Counsellor
Beryl Tomlins
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE19  (Online Only)
There times in your life, when you feel overwhelmed and struggle to understand what is happening in your life. I am able to offer a safe,confidential environment to explore your issues
There times in your life, when you feel overwhelmed and struggle to understand what is happening in your life. I am able to offer a safe,confidential environment to explore your issues
01798 309991 View 01798 309991
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See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aviva
64% AXA PPP
57% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.