Photo of Michele Lamonaca, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Michele Lamonaca
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
Welcome, my name is Michele. I'm a registered counsellor and psychotherapist - I help individuals and couples with their emotional health. I have private sector experience as a counsellor and psychotherapist. My focus involves abuse, depression and narcissistic personality disorder, and the specific problems encountered by men, transgender people and women. An initial assessment meeting allows you to see if you feel comfortable with me, discuss what concerns you, ask questions, clarify confidentiality, and determine if therapy could assist you.
Welcome, my name is Michele. I'm a registered counsellor and psychotherapist - I help individuals and couples with their emotional health. I have private sector experience as a counsellor and psychotherapist. My focus involves abuse, depression and narcissistic personality disorder, and the specific problems encountered by men, transgender people and women. An initial assessment meeting allows you to see if you feel comfortable with me, discuss what concerns you, ask questions, clarify confidentiality, and determine if therapy could assist you.
07723 423681 View 07723 423681
Photo of Louise Spurgeon, MSc, GMBPsS, Psychologist
Louise Spurgeon
Psychologist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE18
In 2018 I left my career of 20 years to follow my true passions neuroscience and psychology. My coaching style focuses on treating self awareness like a muscle, requiring ongoing nurturing, exploring cognitive, physical and emotional awareness. This approach can offer significant benefits to health and wellbeing and also ensure it aligns with what you really want and need. The neuroscience element allows you to have a greater understanding of what your nervous system needs.
In 2018 I left my career of 20 years to follow my true passions neuroscience and psychology. My coaching style focuses on treating self awareness like a muscle, requiring ongoing nurturing, exploring cognitive, physical and emotional awareness. This approach can offer significant benefits to health and wellbeing and also ensure it aligns with what you really want and need. The neuroscience element allows you to have a greater understanding of what your nervous system needs.
020 8106 8097 View 020 8106 8097
Photo of Emily Redshaw, Counsellor
Emily Redshaw
Counsellor
Verified Verified
London SE18  (Online Only)
Whether you are looking to alleviate feelings of anxiety, change unwanted behaviour or looking to work through some past negative experiences, I make it my absolute priority to provide a warm, confidential, and safe space. We will set therapeutic goals and work together and get you to where you want to be. Whether you are looking to alleviate feelings of anxiety or looking to work through some past negative experiences.
Whether you are looking to alleviate feelings of anxiety, change unwanted behaviour or looking to work through some past negative experiences, I make it my absolute priority to provide a warm, confidential, and safe space. We will set therapeutic goals and work together and get you to where you want to be. Whether you are looking to alleviate feelings of anxiety or looking to work through some past negative experiences.
020 4538 1280 View 020 4538 1280
Photo of Victor Penda, MSc, GMBPsS, Psychologist
Victor Penda
Psychologist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
London SE18
I can help with developing a stable sense of self and relationships through increased awareness and self regulation strategies.
I can help with developing a stable sense of self and relationships through increased awareness and self regulation strategies.
020 3974 1221 x44 View 020 3974 1221 x44
Photo of Meg Gabbitas, BACP, Counsellor
Meg Gabbitas
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
Are you struggling with feeling anxious or low? Do you need someone to talk to in a safe and confidential space? I am a compassionate and friendly counsellor who believes that everyone deserves to feel heard and understood. Together, we can work to identify the root cause of your issues and find a way forward. During sessions you will feel listened to and empowered to make the positive changes that you want. I have worked with clients from a variety of backgrounds, and I understand how identity and culture can shape us. During sessions I'll combine techniques and approaches to work in a way which suits your individual needs.
Are you struggling with feeling anxious or low? Do you need someone to talk to in a safe and confidential space? I am a compassionate and friendly counsellor who believes that everyone deserves to feel heard and understood. Together, we can work to identify the root cause of your issues and find a way forward. During sessions you will feel listened to and empowered to make the positive changes that you want. I have worked with clients from a variety of backgrounds, and I understand how identity and culture can shape us. During sessions I'll combine techniques and approaches to work in a way which suits your individual needs.
020 3831 3853 View 020 3831 3853
Photo of Michelle Lucas, MBACP, Counsellor
Michelle Lucas
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE18
Hello, my name is Michelle, I am a qualified and registered integrative therapist. As an Integrative Psychotherapist I use a variety of different approaches, drawing on whatever seems most helpful to you. This allows me to adapt my way of working to each client’s individual needs. I very much view therapy as a collaborative process, where both therapist and client contribute, and the main focus is on building a supportive and trusting relationship. As an integrative therapist I am trained in three main therapeutic frames, the Psychodynamic, Humanistic and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
Hello, my name is Michelle, I am a qualified and registered integrative therapist. As an Integrative Psychotherapist I use a variety of different approaches, drawing on whatever seems most helpful to you. This allows me to adapt my way of working to each client’s individual needs. I very much view therapy as a collaborative process, where both therapist and client contribute, and the main focus is on building a supportive and trusting relationship. As an integrative therapist I am trained in three main therapeutic frames, the Psychodynamic, Humanistic and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
07917 167272 View 07917 167272
Photo of Mariusz Berezowski, MSc, Counsellor
Mariusz Berezowski
Counsellor, MSc
Verified Verified
London SE18
Are you struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, addiction, anxiety, major life changes - or generally losing your sense of self? We all experience pain in many ways; it's what connects us to being human. Though sometimes a helping hand is needed from a certified professional, to help cope and manage with many of life’s challenges that may get thrown our way. I am here to be that listening ear, to focus on unconditionally accepting you as a whole being as you deserve, with no judgement or bias. I believe we all have an inner sense of truth and wisdom within, but with a little space and stillness, we can gain our own insight.
Are you struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, addiction, anxiety, major life changes - or generally losing your sense of self? We all experience pain in many ways; it's what connects us to being human. Though sometimes a helping hand is needed from a certified professional, to help cope and manage with many of life’s challenges that may get thrown our way. I am here to be that listening ear, to focus on unconditionally accepting you as a whole being as you deserve, with no judgement or bias. I believe we all have an inner sense of truth and wisdom within, but with a little space and stillness, we can gain our own insight.
020 3476 8231 View 020 3476 8231
Photo of Maria (Maya) Palej, BACP, Counsellor
Maria (Maya) Palej
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE18
Being in the helping profession for 14 years gave me a deeper level of understanding of problems that we all can face at any point in life and allows me to help more clients each day. I work with clients who experience anxiety, panic attacks and depression but also with people who experienced abuse and are currently moving on from abusive relationships or dealing with past traumas. I also work with clients who feel stuck and can't seem to be able to move forward with their lives. I use my experience and qualifications to help. I understand life can be difficult at times and we all need some added support from time to time.
Being in the helping profession for 14 years gave me a deeper level of understanding of problems that we all can face at any point in life and allows me to help more clients each day. I work with clients who experience anxiety, panic attacks and depression but also with people who experienced abuse and are currently moving on from abusive relationships or dealing with past traumas. I also work with clients who feel stuck and can't seem to be able to move forward with their lives. I use my experience and qualifications to help. I understand life can be difficult at times and we all need some added support from time to time.
020 8103 3957 View 020 8103 3957
Photo of Andrea Firth - Headgame, PhD, HCPC - Sport Psych., Psychologist
Headgame
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Sport Psych.
Verified Verified
London SE18
I work across various sectors within the world of elite sport, performing arts, & business (see Linkedin). I am a qualified counsellor, HCPC registered, & BPS chartered psychologist. I collaborate with my clients to holistically enhance general well-being whether they are performers or not. Together we work to reach desired goals & objectives; lower anxiety, increase confidence, manage negative perfectionism, return from injury, enhance motivation, hone resilience & cope with the expectations of life. I happily work with non, or sub-elite performers but specialise in the highly pressurised arenas of sport, performance and business.
I work across various sectors within the world of elite sport, performing arts, & business (see Linkedin). I am a qualified counsellor, HCPC registered, & BPS chartered psychologist. I collaborate with my clients to holistically enhance general well-being whether they are performers or not. Together we work to reach desired goals & objectives; lower anxiety, increase confidence, manage negative perfectionism, return from injury, enhance motivation, hone resilience & cope with the expectations of life. I happily work with non, or sub-elite performers but specialise in the highly pressurised arenas of sport, performance and business.
020 4538 2759 View 020 4538 2759
Photo of Ryan Powell, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Ryan Powell
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE18
I am trained in both couple’s therapy and individual therapy and also offer Supervision. As an Integrative Counsellor, I am here to walk beside you on your journey. My approach is empathetic and compassionate; however I will challenge my clients to help them achieve their goals. I have worked within the NHS and now within a university conducting short term solution focused therapy. I have created a successful private practice and I want the sessions to focus on my clients needs. I will provide the platform for you to discuss what you need to discuss and the safety of a confidential, caring and warm space.
I am trained in both couple’s therapy and individual therapy and also offer Supervision. As an Integrative Counsellor, I am here to walk beside you on your journey. My approach is empathetic and compassionate; however I will challenge my clients to help them achieve their goals. I have worked within the NHS and now within a university conducting short term solution focused therapy. I have created a successful private practice and I want the sessions to focus on my clients needs. I will provide the platform for you to discuss what you need to discuss and the safety of a confidential, caring and warm space.
020 4538 8657 View 020 4538 8657
Photo of Silvia Melis, MBACP, Counsellor
Silvia Melis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
I am a qualified counsellor and a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP). I work with adults on a one-to-one basis offering short-term and open-ended talking therapy. I use an integrative approach, which means that I draw from different models and techniques (psychodynamic, CBT and person centred) to best suit your individual needs. My aim is to help you find and change those repetitive unhelpful or destructive patterns in your behaviour and relationships, as well as providing you with a space for personal development, growth and exploration.
I am a qualified counsellor and a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP). I work with adults on a one-to-one basis offering short-term and open-ended talking therapy. I use an integrative approach, which means that I draw from different models and techniques (psychodynamic, CBT and person centred) to best suit your individual needs. My aim is to help you find and change those repetitive unhelpful or destructive patterns in your behaviour and relationships, as well as providing you with a space for personal development, growth and exploration.
020 3871 8461 View 020 3871 8461
Photo of Lixson J Cyriac, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Lixson J Cyriac
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
I am a qualified psychodynamic counsellor accredited with the BACP (British Council of counsellors and psychotherapists) and also trained in CBT Techniques. I have many years of experience in working with adults as individuals and couples. I know from my own experience that counselling provides a space to open up and get to know yourself a bit more closely and that way to live more fully and happily. If you are faced with a difficult situation or want to address something that you have been carrying for a long time, I can offer you a safe space to explore them.
I am a qualified psychodynamic counsellor accredited with the BACP (British Council of counsellors and psychotherapists) and also trained in CBT Techniques. I have many years of experience in working with adults as individuals and couples. I know from my own experience that counselling provides a space to open up and get to know yourself a bit more closely and that way to live more fully and happily. If you are faced with a difficult situation or want to address something that you have been carrying for a long time, I can offer you a safe space to explore them.
01260 541116 View 01260 541116
Photo of Joy Brown - Joy Brown, MBACP, Counsellor
Joy Brown
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
I am an Integrative Counsellor working with clients from age 7 to beyond retirement age with issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, loss, bereavement, low self-esteem, family issues, relationship or work-related issues. My clients are from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and are of different genders and sexual orientations. Our life experiences help shape who we are today. We cannot change the past but with help, we can question our thought processes and let go of disruptive patterns of behaviour. Improving our overall emotional and physical wellbeing starts with talking about our issues.
I am an Integrative Counsellor working with clients from age 7 to beyond retirement age with issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, loss, bereavement, low self-esteem, family issues, relationship or work-related issues. My clients are from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and are of different genders and sexual orientations. Our life experiences help shape who we are today. We cannot change the past but with help, we can question our thought processes and let go of disruptive patterns of behaviour. Improving our overall emotional and physical wellbeing starts with talking about our issues.
020 4538 5224 View 020 4538 5224
Photo of Paul Gomes, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Paul Gomes
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SE18
I strive to provide a therapeutic space that facilitates clients feeling heard, with empathy, openness and honesty at the core of this experience. I am committed to helping my clients face the challenges of life and to reflect on and embrace the freedom of choice human kind has. I am mindful of understanding a client's position in the world and their unique identity in relating to themselves and to others. I believe in working with you to reflect on your current ways of being, enabling you to identify and develop further on your internal resources.
I strive to provide a therapeutic space that facilitates clients feeling heard, with empathy, openness and honesty at the core of this experience. I am committed to helping my clients face the challenges of life and to reflect on and embrace the freedom of choice human kind has. I am mindful of understanding a client's position in the world and their unique identity in relating to themselves and to others. I believe in working with you to reflect on your current ways of being, enabling you to identify and develop further on your internal resources.
020 3667 9998 View 020 3667 9998
Photo of Samuel Harris Farleigh - Art Therapy London, MA
Art Therapy London
MA
Verified Verified
London SE18
I'm Sam, an Art Psychotherapist using creative expression as a tool to help support you to manage difficulties in you or your child's life. I use art as a way to support the exploration of these difficulties and help express the emotions related to this. I have worked in the NHS with complex mental health issues, as well as mainstream and SEN education. I specialise in working with a range of neurodiversity. Art therapy is suitable for most people and all ages and difficulties regardless previous art experience and skill. We use a wide range of materials and different forms of creative expression.
I'm Sam, an Art Psychotherapist using creative expression as a tool to help support you to manage difficulties in you or your child's life. I use art as a way to support the exploration of these difficulties and help express the emotions related to this. I have worked in the NHS with complex mental health issues, as well as mainstream and SEN education. I specialise in working with a range of neurodiversity. Art therapy is suitable for most people and all ages and difficulties regardless previous art experience and skill. We use a wide range of materials and different forms of creative expression.
07723 460550 View 07723 460550
Photo of Holly Griffiths, MBACP, Counsellor
Holly Griffiths
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
Not accepting new clients
I prefer to work in an integrative and flexible way as I don't believe in a one size fits all approach to therapy, you're an individual and so the way that we work together will be equally individual. Essentially this means that I will work with you to explore your problems and find emotional balance in your life. I believe that even if you are feeling the lowest you have ever felt things can get better and that you are absolutely able to make changes in your life.
I prefer to work in an integrative and flexible way as I don't believe in a one size fits all approach to therapy, you're an individual and so the way that we work together will be equally individual. Essentially this means that I will work with you to explore your problems and find emotional balance in your life. I believe that even if you are feeling the lowest you have ever felt things can get better and that you are absolutely able to make changes in your life.
020 4538 2563 View 020 4538 2563
Photo of Agnieszka Jankowska - Agi - humanistic psychotherapy, MSc, UKCP Trainee, Psychotherapist
Agi - humanistic psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
London SE18
Waitlist for new clients
Humanistic therapy is about building a bond centred on your needs. I offer psychotherapy services to help you overcome life challenges, understand yourself better and to improve your mental health. My expertise includes working with trauma, neglect, relationships, identity, gender/sexuality challenges, and other manifestations of life crises. I know the impact of systemic oppression and provide a safe, inclusive space for navigating these issues. Embracing a deeper understanding of yourself, your community and the world around you can enrich your relationships, sense of belonging, purpose, and overall well-being.
Humanistic therapy is about building a bond centred on your needs. I offer psychotherapy services to help you overcome life challenges, understand yourself better and to improve your mental health. My expertise includes working with trauma, neglect, relationships, identity, gender/sexuality challenges, and other manifestations of life crises. I know the impact of systemic oppression and provide a safe, inclusive space for navigating these issues. Embracing a deeper understanding of yourself, your community and the world around you can enrich your relationships, sense of belonging, purpose, and overall well-being.
020 7123 8569 View 020 7123 8569
Photo of Melanie Francis, MBACP, Counsellor
Melanie Francis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18  (Online Only)
Everyone’s version of ‘normal’ differs; sometimes you might need that safe space to examine and sort through unexpected challenges or things that may be holding you back from living a more fulfilled life. I'm passionate about being able to provide that space. I provide a compassionate space to support your therapeutic journey where you can gain a better understanding of yourself, relationships and other things that matter to you. Using an Integrative approach allows me to draw from a range of tools which can be tailored to suit you as an individual. I put you, the individual in control of the pace and scope of our work together
Everyone’s version of ‘normal’ differs; sometimes you might need that safe space to examine and sort through unexpected challenges or things that may be holding you back from living a more fulfilled life. I'm passionate about being able to provide that space. I provide a compassionate space to support your therapeutic journey where you can gain a better understanding of yourself, relationships and other things that matter to you. Using an Integrative approach allows me to draw from a range of tools which can be tailored to suit you as an individual. I put you, the individual in control of the pace and scope of our work together
020 3857 8049 View 020 3857 8049
Photo of John Wenger, MBACP, Psychotherapist
John Wenger
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE18
I am a fully trained psychotherapist (MBACP Reg. & MNCPS Acc.) and supervisor with 20+ years experience. When life feels a little out of balance, it's important that we find our own answers to the things that concern us about our lives. It's also important that we find a way to do this that suits our preferences, our needs and our styles. It's vital that we find a place where we can consider those questions about our lives and the situations we find ourselves in with patience, compassion and care. Finding a counsellor or psychotherapist to be with us can bring enormous benefit during difficult times.
I am a fully trained psychotherapist (MBACP Reg. & MNCPS Acc.) and supervisor with 20+ years experience. When life feels a little out of balance, it's important that we find our own answers to the things that concern us about our lives. It's also important that we find a way to do this that suits our preferences, our needs and our styles. It's vital that we find a place where we can consider those questions about our lives and the situations we find ourselves in with patience, compassion and care. Finding a counsellor or psychotherapist to be with us can bring enormous benefit during difficult times.
023 8214 9355 View 023 8214 9355
Photo of Tom Deitch, BACP, Counsellor
Tom Deitch
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE18
Are you facing challenges in your life which seem impossible to overcome? Maybe you are struggling with intrusive thoughts, feelings of low self-esteem, despair, guilt or shame? Has a bereavement or traumatic incident left you feeling that it’s hard to cope? Do you have a need to be properly heard, perhaps for the first time? We can explore ways in which you can begin to think differently about the obstacles you face, examining your thoughts and feelings with a view to increasing self-awareness and ultimately gaining greater control over your life.
Are you facing challenges in your life which seem impossible to overcome? Maybe you are struggling with intrusive thoughts, feelings of low self-esteem, despair, guilt or shame? Has a bereavement or traumatic incident left you feeling that it’s hard to cope? Do you have a need to be properly heard, perhaps for the first time? We can explore ways in which you can begin to think differently about the obstacles you face, examining your thoughts and feelings with a view to increasing self-awareness and ultimately gaining greater control over your life.
020 3962 1219 View 020 3962 1219
1

See more therapy options for SE18

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in SE18

20+

Average cost per session

£70

Counsellors in SE18 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
88% Stress
83% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
58% Bereavement
58% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aviva
60% AXA PPP
60% Vitality

How Counsellors in SE18 see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

60% Female
36% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in SE18?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.